Animal Disease Emergencies Local Response Preparedness and Planning Animal Industry Note to Presenter The following presentation provides an overview of animal disease emergency preparedness, prevention, response.
Download ReportTranscript Animal Disease Emergencies Local Response Preparedness and Planning Animal Industry Note to Presenter The following presentation provides an overview of animal disease emergency preparedness, prevention, response.
Animal Disease Emergencies Local Response Preparedness and Planning Animal Industry Note to Presenter The following presentation provides an overview of animal disease emergency preparedness, prevention, response and recovery measures. • Supplemental PowerPoints on each topic are available for inclusion into this presentation or for stand alone presentations, depending on time allotted and interest of the audience. • HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Overview • • • • • What are animal disease emergencies Who may be involved What to expect Importance of preparing at the local level How you can prepare HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Preparing and Responding to an Animal Disease Emergency Prepare • Identify • Local stakeholders and resources in community plan development • Practice: • Animal Prevent table tops, functional exercises ID and Premises ID •Awareness and education •Biosecurity Respond • Detection/diagnosis; surveillance • Contain: Quarantine, isolation, stop movements; biosecurity • Control: depopulation and disposal, vaccination, cleaning and disinfection Recover •Indemnity •Business HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH continuity Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Animal Disease Emergencies • • • • • • Affect large numbers of livestock Most highly contagious/easily spread Animal health impact Economic consequences Human health impact Often called foreign animal diseases (FAD) or high consequence pathogens HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Means of Introduction • Intentional or accidental introduction of foreign disease agents • Emerging or re-emerging diseases HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Importance of Agriculture Value of Agricultural Products U.S. Animal Number Cattle Pigs ~95 million ~61 million Poultry (layers) 338 million Sheep 6 million HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH (2005) Value ~$70.5 billion ~$4.5 billion ~$1 billion ~$600 million Iowa Number ~4 million ~17 million ~55 million 235,000 (2006) Value ~$2.5 billion ~$4 billion $407 million (eggs) ~$33 million Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Iowa Agriculture, 2006 Farms 88,600 #1 Pork, eggs, corn, soybeans #2 Red meat production $6.5 billion pounds National exports $4 billion #3 Total cash receipts $14.8 billion HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Food Production Changes • • • Number of farms decreasing Animal numbers rising on some farms Opportunities Increasing intensity/specialization – Efficient food source: U.S. and world – • Challenges Disease control and eradication – Devastating economic effects – HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Impact of Animal Disease • Animal Health – • Death, illness, loss of production Economics Loss or disruption of trade – Loss of consumer confidence – Movement restrictions – • Human Health Zoonoses – Mental health – HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Vulnerabilities High density husbandry • Mixing at auction markets or transport by vehicles • – Over 5 million cattle each year Poor traceability of animals • No immunity to foreign animal diseases • Centralized feed supply and distribution • HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Vulnerabilities • • • Diseases widespread in other countries Expanded international trade and travel Border penetration: – • People, wild birds, mammals Inadequate on-farm biosecurity and FAD awareness HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Prepare State and Federal Agencies Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship (IDALS) • State Veterinarian: Dr. David Schmitt – – • Animal health and control issues Animal movement and tracking State District Veterinarians (6) – Foreign Animal Disease Diagnosticians (FADD) • • Specially trained veterinarian The Center for Agricultural Security – Iowa Veterinary Rapid Response Team (IVRRT) • 330 trained veterinarians and animal health professionals HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 STATE VETERINARIAN DISTRICTS Dr. David Schmitt, State Veterinarian Work: 515-281-8601 Cell: 515-669-3527 Lyon Osceola Dickinson Emmet Sioux O'Brien Clay Palo Alto Kossuth Winnebago Worth Mitchell Howard Winneshiek Dr. Pamela Smith Dr. Tim Smith Allamakee Hancock Cerro Gordo Floyd Chickasa w Fayette Plymouth Buena Vista Cherokee Pocahontas Humboldt Wright Franklin Butler Hardin Grundy Bremer Webster Woodbury Dr. James Johnson Ida Sac Black Hawk Buchanan Calhoun Hamilton Tama Monon a Crawford Carroll Greene Clayton Boone Benton Delaware Linn Dubuque Jones Jackson Marshall Story Dr. Gary E. Eiben Clinton Cedar Harrison Shelby Audubo n Guthrie Cass Adair Dallas Jasper Polk Poweshiek Iowa Johnson Scott Muscatine Pottawattamie Madison Warren Marion Mahaska Keokuk Washington Louisa Dr. John Schiltz Mills Montgomery Adams Union Clarke Lucas Monroe Wapello Jefferson Dr. R.E. Welander Henry Des Moines Fremont Page Taylor Ringgold Decatur Wayne Appanoose Davis Van Buren Lee February 2008 HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Iowa Premises Identification Program • • • • Voluntary Participant in National Animal Identification System (NAIS) Premise - any geographically unique location in which agricultural animals are raised, held or boarded Complete application – www.agriculture.state.ia.us/premiseID.htm – Premise Identification Number (PIN) Allied agricultural and non-producer participants can also be assigned PINs HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Additional State Agencies Involved • Iowa Homeland Security and Emergency Management Division (HSEMD) – • Department of Natural Resources (DNR) – – • Resource management Animal disposal issues Livestock burial maps Iowa Department of Public Health (IDPH) – – Human health issues State Public Health Veterinarian • Dr. Ann Garvey HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Additional Supporting Agencies • • • • • Iowa Department of Public Safety Iowa Department of Transportation Iowa National Guard Iowa State University Extension Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Iowa Emergency Response Plan • The State plan outlines who is responsible for what and when – – • Each state agency is assigned responsibilities Each agency determines how to meet their responsibilities Iowa Comprehensive Plan – Iowa Emergency Response Plan • – – – Annex W: Infectious Animal Disease Iowa Hazard Mitigation Plan Iowa Disaster Recovery Plan Iowa Critical Asset Protection Plan HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Federal Agencies • U.S. Department of Agriculture – Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) • • Veterinary Services (VS) Emergency Management and Diagnostics – – – National Center for Animal Health Emergency Management National Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories The National Animal Health Laboratory Network HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 USDA Personnel in Iowa • Area Veterinarian In Charge (AVIC) – • 9-Federal Veterinary Medical Officers – • Dr. Kevin Petersburg All are Foreign Animal Disease Diagnosticians Area Emergency Coordinator – Dr. Stephen Goff • Iowa, Nebraska HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 USDA Federal Veterinary Medical Officers (VMO) Dr. Kevin Petersburg, Area Veterinarian In Charge (AVIC) Work: 515-284-4140 Dr. Pamela Smith Osceola Lyon Dickinson Emmet Dr. Tim Smith Kossuth Winnebago Worth Mitchell Dr. Gary E. Eiben Howard Winneshiek Allamakee Sioux O'Brien Clay Palo Alto Hancock Cerro Gordo Floyd Chickasa w Dr. Neil Rippke Fayette Plymouth Buena Vista Cherokee Pocahontas Humboldt Wright Franklin Butler Hardin Grundy Bremer Webster Woodbury Ida Sac Black Hawk Buchanan Calhoun Hamilton Tama Dr. John Schiltz Monon a Crawford Carroll Greene Clayton Boone Benton Delaware Linn Dubuque Jones Jackson Dr. Sharon Fairchild Marshall Story Clinton Cedar Harrison Shelby Audubo n Guthrie Cass Adair Dallas Jasper Polk Poweshiek Iowa Johnson Scott Muscatine Pottawattamie Madison Warren Marion Mahaska Keokuk Washington Louisa Mills Montgomery Adams Union Clarke Lucas Monroe Wapello Jefferson Henry Des Moines Dr. James Johnson Fremont Page Taylor Ringgold Decatur Wayne Appanoose Davis Dr. R.E. Welander Van Buren Lee Dr. Don Otto February. 2008 HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 National Animal Identification System (NAIS) • • • • • • Voluntary Created to identify and trace livestock State-to-state consistency Goal: 48 hour trace of animals in disease outbreak Maintain contact information that can be accessed in case of an animal health emergency to speed notification Premises ID, animal ID, animal movement HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) • Customs and Border Protection 317 ports of entry into US – Imported animal and plant material – Over 40,000 employees 3,000 agriculture specialists – • • • – 1 million conveyances 83 million passengers 3.6 million cargo inspections Beagle Brigade • 75,000 interceptions annually HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Veterinary Response Teams National Veterinary Response Teams (NVRT) • Veterinary Medical Assistance Teams (VMAT) • National Animal Health Emergency Response Corps (NAHERC) • HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 National Veterinary Stockpile • HSPD-9 (Jan 30, 2004) – National repository of critical veterinary supplies • • Vaccine, antiviral, drugs PPE kits Deploy within 24 hours – Support response efforts for 40 days – HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 National Response Framework • • • Incidents handled at the lowest jurisdictional level possible Emphasis on local response Identify personnel responsible for incident management at local level Police, fire, public health, medical or emergency management – Veterinary, animal health professionals – Private sector is key partner – HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Prevent Managing Disease Risk Biological Risk Management (BRM) • Overall process of awareness education, evaluation, and management • Designed to improve disease control – • Foreign and domestic diseases Provide tools to minimize risk HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Biological Risk Management (BRM) • Disease risk cannot be totally eliminated Animal, its environment – Decrease exposure to disease agents – • • Minimize threat to animals and humans No one-size-fits-all answer HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Diseases of High Consequence International, U.S. and Iowa HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) Early Warning System • Disease reported within 24 hours • Informs countries at risk • Trade shut down until further notice • HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Routes of Transmission • • • • Apply to all infectious agents Animal must be exposed to develop disease Understand different routes of transmission = Gain control Risk areas must be identified – Design protocols to minimize exposure HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Routes of Transmission • Spread of disease agents Animal animal – Animal human “zoonotic” – • Different modes of transmission Aerosol – Direct contact – Fomite – HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Oral – Vector-borne – Zoonotic – Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 General Disease Prevention Practices Daily Practices • • Post signs limiting animal access to unauthorized visitors Restrict access to farm Appointments – Known personnel – Visitor log – • Limit contact with animals Neighbor’s livestock – Wildlife, birds – Roaming cats, dogs – HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Daily Practices • • Limit animal purchases Quarantine newly introduced animals – • Isolate ill animals immediately – • • New purchases, returning animals No shared ventilation, direct contact with other animals Time determined with veterinarian Test for key diseases before placing with rest of herd/flock HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Daily Practices • • Keep health records on every animal Train farm personnel to report sick animals Inspect animals daily – Clean equipment, boots, clothing – • Investigate unusual signs, unresponsive cases – Neurologic, downers, sudden death HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Prevention Based on Disease Spread Disease Transmission • • Animals may not exhibit obvious clinical signs of disease Essential Disease prevention – Awareness of how disease is transmitted – • Develop strategy to minimize disease risk for livestock operation HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Aerosol • Basic prevention steps involve: Increasing distance between sick and well animals – Maximizing ventilation – • • HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Provide fresh air to all animals Decrease humidity and odor build up Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Prevention: Aerosol • • Distance is important Do not share air space between sick and healthy animals HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Direct Contact, Fomite • Basic prevention steps involve: Restricting access to farm, animals – Isolating sick animals – Keeping environment clean, dry – Keeping equipment clean – HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Prevent: Direct Contact, Fomites • Minimize vehicle traffic on farm Load/unload, rendering at perimeter – Have separate vehicles for “on-farm” and “off-farm” use – • Do not share equipment with other farms – • Tractors, livestock trailers Do not allow feed, fuel truck drivers to cross animal paths HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Prevent: Direct Contact, Fomites • • Require prior authorization before entering premises Sign in and disclose recent animal contact – • No animal contact for people traveling to foreign countries previous 7-10 days Require clean clothes, clean footwear – Provide if necessary HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Oral, Fomite • Basic prevention steps involve: Isolating sick animals – Keeping feed and water clean – Managing manure – Keeping equipment clean – • HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Feeding, treatment, vehicles Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Prevent: Oral, Fomites • • Elevate feed, prevent stepping into feed bunks with contaminated boots Examine feed for contaminants, quality – • • Manure, mold, carcasses Monitor feed tags, deliveries Test, control access to water sources – Fencing to prevent animal entry and contamination HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Vector Control • Basic prevention steps include: – Source reduction • – Control adults • – Prevent egg laying Insecticides Minimize animal interaction • • • Screens on buildings Animal treatment Mowing long grasses HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Environmental Contamination • Disease organism in environment – • Survive in soil, organic material Animals and humans can acquire agent(s) through: Inhalation (aerosol) – Direct contact – Fomites – Oral consumption – Vectors – HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Response to an Animal Disease Emergency Response • Preparedness plan in action – • Expedient, safe, effective Level of response depends on: Particular disease – Ability of disease to spread – Degree of spread – Resources available – HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Detection • Unusual sign noted by: –Producer, animal handler or processor, local veterinarian • Diagnostic laboratory • Processing plant Local Initial Response • Local Risk and Response Assessment • Response Response Actions •Quarantine; State State or Federal DVM contacts State Veterinarian or AVIC • FADD sent to investigate (within 24 hours) • Samples submitted to Federal Lab action levels determined based on disease suspected or diagnosed • Activation of State Response Plan and/or National Response Framework Stop movements •Surveillance •Depopulation and disposal •Vaccination •Cleaning Local Recovery •Indemnity •Business HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH and disinfection continuity Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Animal Disease Emergency Indicators • • • • • • • • Increased illness, death rates, abortions Significant drop in production Ulcers or blisters on or around the animal’s mouth or feet Sudden lameness Any nervous system signs Pox or lumpy skin conditions Severe respiratory conditions Any unusual or unexplained illness HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 FADD Investigation • Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostician – Specially trained veterinarian • – – – Over 500 investigations in U.S. each year; 25-50 in Iowa Visits premises within 24 hours Inspects animals and makes field assessment Consults with State Veterinarian and AVIC on case priority and necessary actions • • • Sample collection Sample handling (priority level) Control measures: movement restrictions, quarantine HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Case Priorities Unlikely • History and clinical signs do NOT indicate FAD • Samples shipped by carrier and tested when time permits Possible • History or clinical signs not consistent • Samples shipped high priority and tested on next duty day • Movement Highly Likely hold placed on animals by the State • Epidemiology • Samples and clinical signs fit FAD sent ASAP to NVSL and tested immediately • Quarantine initiated by the State • Communications plan initiated before leaving premises • Contacts HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH traced from farm to other farms Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Animal Health Laboratory Submissions • Routine (daily) testing – – – • ISU CVM Diagnostic Laboratory Private laboratory facilities National Veterinary Laboratory Network Suspected foreign animal disease – – Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Plum Island, NY (cloven hoofed) National Veterinary Services Laboratories – Ames (poultry, equine, fish) HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Containment of an Animal Disease Emergency Prevention: State Level • State Veterinarian Under authority of Iowa Secretary of Ag – Embargo – • – Voluntary hold order • – Prohibits animal and/or product movement into Iowa Request that owners voluntarily cease all movement of animals and/or product Quarantine • Mandatory order to cease animal and/or product movement HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 IDALS Authority: Iowa Code 163.1(1) • Grants IDALS power to “control an infectious disease affecting animals within this state” which may involve Control and eradication of animal disease – Quarantine of animals or premises – Regulate or restrict animal movement – Enter any premises where animals/ carcasses are or have been in the past – Condemn and depopulate animals – Disinfect farm operations – HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Single Premises Response • • • • • • • One location FADD investigates Diagnosis Quarantine premises Most coordination at State level Treat or depopulate Federal authorities manage international issues HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Multiple Premises, Confined Area Response All steps listed for single premises plus • Increased quarantine area • REGIONAL Involvement • – • State, Federal and industry agricultural authorities handle situation with or without State Declared Emergency USDA Secretary of Agriculture may issue Declaration of Emergency HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Multiple Premises, Multi-State Response • • • • • • Everything previous plus National movement controls State level emergency declared U.S. Secretary of Agriculture requests assistance from DHS National Response Framework and ESF 11 activated APHIS is lead agency HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) Early Warning System • Disease reported within 24 hours • Informs countries at risk • Trade shut down until further notice • HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Depopulation • • • Control of FAD Determined by State or Federal Veterinarian Humane method Cervical dislocation – Carbon dioxide – Captive bolt – Anesthetic overdose – HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Disposal • • • • • • Burial on-site Composting Incineration Rendering Alkaline hydrolysis Landfill – Biosecurity concerns • • • Disease characteristics Quarantine zones Open burning (not allowed in Iowa) HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Disposal Options • Disposal restricted by: – Disease characteristics • • • Ease of transmission Method of transmission Zoonotic potential Quarantine zones – Other restrictions per the State Veterinarian – HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 IDNR: Carcass Disposal Maps • www.iowadnr.gov – Site considerations of burial locations Environmental: Water tables • Proximity to habitation • Disease transmission • • GIS Mapping - Interactive – 3 tiered approach • • • Red – restricted zones Multiple colors – cautionary zones Green – no known restrictions HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Disease Prevention During Animal Health Event Prevention: On the Farm • Cleaning – Remove all organic matter • • Manure, dirt, feed, etc. Disinfection Use proper concentration – Allow proper contact time – • Vehicles, equipment, footwear, housing HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Prevention: On the Farm • • • • Restrict access to farm Clean vehicles only Record ALL traffic, visitors Monitor animals frequently – Contact your herd veterinarian HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Prevention: On the Farm • Zoonotic Diseases Diseases of animals spread to humans – Newcastle disease: “pink eye” – Swine vesicular disease: skin blisters – Avian influenza: respiratory, pneumonia – Anthrax: skin lesions, respiratory, death – HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Prevention: On the Farm • Wear clean gloves, coveralls and boots at all times – – • Disinfect, properly dispose Wash hands Personal protective equipment Eyewear, mask or respirator – Ear plugs (noise) – • Vaccination, treatments – – Subject to availability Specific to disease HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Safety: On the Farm • • • Injuries Slips, trips and falls Mental health Producers loss of herd/ flocks, livelihood – Responders stress – • Environmental stress – • Heat, cold, rain Physical stress HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Response Coordination NIMS and ICS National Incident Management System (NIMS) • Standardizes incident management for all responders – • Flexible, adaptable – • A core set of principles, terminology and organizational processes Applicable regardless of incident cause, size, location, or complexity Enables government and private entities work together HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 National Incident Management System (NIMS) Standardized process and procedures for incident management Incident Local Support or Response State Support or Response Federal Support or Response National Response Framework Application of integrated Federal resources HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Incident Command System (ICS) • Standardized on-scene emergency management tool – • Integrated organizational structure – • To coordinate and combine independent efforts Can have officials and responders from Federal, State, local and tribal agencies, private sector and non-governmental organizations Not hindered by jurisdictional boundaries HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Incident Command Post • Modular Format – – Top down structure Five key functional areas Command Safety Officer Information Officer Liaison Officer Operations HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Planning Logistics Finance/ Administration Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Incident Command Local Emergency Ops Center (EOC) Area Command Incident Command Post HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Incident Command Post Coordination of information and resources to support local incident management activities Management of multiple incidents - each handled by an ICS organization Incident Command Post Primary tactical-level, on-scene incident command functions Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Animal Health Incident Command System Organization Unified Command State Vet/AVIC Finance/ Administration Information (Public Affairs) Liaison Officers Orientation & Training Safety Officer Operations (Field) Logistics Planning (Technical Support) Finance Procurement & Supply Appraisal Animal Welfare Personnel Contracts & Leases Cleaning & Disinfection Database Systems Employee Relations Vehicles Diagnosis & Inspection Disease Reporting Depopulation & Disposal Disease Specialist Regulatory Enforcement Economics Biosecurity Environmental Impact Surveillance Epidemiology Vaccination Risk Assessment Vector Control Vaccination Evaluation Wildlife HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Each Location Will be a LOCAL Incident • • • • Requires local planning Initial response will be a local one After State and Federal agencies leave – it is still a local incident Address long term recovery Producers – Local jurisdiction – Economic effects – HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Recovery Recovery • • Restore confidence Requires time, money, effort Cleaning and disinfection – Indemnity for livestock owners – Restocking – • Business continuity HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Prior to Animal Disease Emergency • • • • • “It will never happen to me” “It won’t be that bad” “I have insurance” “The government will take care of me” Preparation and planning are essential for businesses to survive a disaster HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Federal State HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Increasing severity or scale of incident Local Local support may include: Road barricades – Quarantine enforcement – Checkpoint personnel – Decon stations and personnel – Transportation – Additional communications capacity – GPS equipment – Base of operations – Training/orientation facility – Staging area for equipment – Food, lodging – Supplies, resources as needed for task management – Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Planning for YOYO Phase • • • • Protect your family, employees Protect pets and livestock Protect your property, business Critical community resources for: Those with special needs – Most severely impacted – • Be part of the solution – Not part of the problem HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Business Continuity Plan • • • • • • Direction and control Communications Life safety Property protection Community involvement Administration and logistics HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Business Continuity Plan • Recovery and restoration Planning considerations – Continuity of management – Insurance – Employee support – Resuming operations – HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Planning Pays Off • • No or poor plan can result in losses In the event of a major disaster 43% never reopen – 16.5% reopen but close in 2 years – • • ~60% attrition due to a disaster For every $1 spent on planning, $7 saved from disaster loss (FEMA) HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Resources • Emergency Management Guide for Business & Industry – • • www.fema.gov/business/guide/index.shtm Small Business Administration – Disaster preparedness and recovery information for businesses – www.sba.gov/services/disasterassistance/index.html Association of Contingency Planners – 1-800-445-4ACP – www.ACP-International.com HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Animal Disease Emergency Example Foot and Mouth Disease Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) • • • • • Highly contagious virus Considered to be the most important livestock disease in the world Not in U.S. since 1929 Affects cloven-hoofed animals Spread between animals, by contaminated objects or aerosol HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Foot and Mouth Disease Outbreaks – Jan to Mar 2008 HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 U.K. FMD Outbreak, 2001 • Total costs over £10 billion – • 6 million animals slaughtered – • Ag industry, compensation, tourism, sports FMD free in less than 1 year Public perception Animal welfare – Smoke pollution – HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Conclusion What Have We Learned? • • • Threats need to be taken seriously Framework for response and coordination Adequate resources and expertise Determine extent of attack – Prevent disease spread and associated losses – Prevent any public health implications – HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Why is Local Planning needed? • Early detection and response are critical to limit impact – • • Know what to look for and who to call for assistance Cooperation with local, state, and federal authorities is essential Everyone plays an important role in protecting U.S. agriculture HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 What can you do? • Monitor animals for signs of disease – Report them immediately Be awareness of steps and actions needed to control an outbreak • Get involved in local response plan development process • Work with State officials to improve your communities preparedness • Encourage prevention and vigilance among members of your community • HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Contacts • Phone numbers to know – State Veterinarian • – APHIS Area-Veterinarianin-Charge (AVIC) • – 515-281-8601 515-284-4140 State Public Health Veterinarian • 515-281-4933 HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008 Acknowledgments Development of this presentation was funded by a grant from the Iowa Homeland Security and Emergency Management and the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship to the Center for Food Security and Public Health at Iowa State University. Contributing Authors: Glenda Dvorak, DVM, MPH, DACVPM; Danelle BickettWeddle, DVM, MPH, DACVPM; Gayle Brown, DVM, PhD; Reviewer: Gayle Brown, DVM, PhD HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008