http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/chloroplasts.html REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS 8-3 http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG REMEMBER BIO 1 http://www.newtonswindow.com/problem-solving.htm Remember from CELL BIO Enzymes for PHOTOSYNTHESIS are in the ________________ CHLOROPLASTS http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG.
Download ReportTranscript http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/chloroplasts.html REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS 8-3 http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG REMEMBER BIO 1 http://www.newtonswindow.com/problem-solving.htm Remember from CELL BIO Enzymes for PHOTOSYNTHESIS are in the ________________ CHLOROPLASTS http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG.
http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/chloroplasts.html REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS 8-3 http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG REMEMBER BIO 1 http://www.newtonswindow.com/problem-solving.htm Remember from CELL BIO Enzymes for PHOTOSYNTHESIS are in the ________________ CHLOROPLASTS http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG See a video clip about the LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTION (Part 1) 8C PHOTOSYNTHESIS HAPPENS IN CHLOROPLASTS THYLAKOIDS = sac-like photosynthetic membranes inside chloroplast GRANUM (pl. grana) = stack of thylakoids Image from BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006 THYLAKOID SPACE SPACES STROMA Gel-filled space inside chloroplast surrounding thylakoid sac Gel-filled space Inside the thylakoid sac cytoplasm Gel-filled space OUTSIDE chloroplast but inside the cell membrane http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG PHOTOSYNTHESIS HAPPENS IN CHLOROPLASTS Proteins that are part of the thylakoid membrane organize Light absorbing PIGMENTS ________________________________ into clusters called _____________________ PHOTOSYSTEMS http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG LIVING THINGS NEED ENERGY CARRIERS Molecule that carries ATP = _______ Molecule that carries HIGH ENERGY ELECTRONS NADP+ = ___________ Images by Riedell Frying pan image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006 HIGH ENERGY ELECTRONS require a special carrier, too ____________ NADP+ is one of the carriers that cells use to transport high energy electrons. + 2 e H ________ + _____ + _____ → ____________ _______= nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate PHOTOSYNTHESIS Light & Water Light-Dependent Reaction ATP NADPH Light-Independent Reactions Oxygen LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTIONS INSIDE THYLAKOID SPACE ↓ ATP SYNTHASE PHOTOSYSTEM II ↓ ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEM ↓ PHOTOSYSTEM I OUTSIDE THYLAKOID IN STROMA Image modified from: Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall WHY DOES PHOTOSYSTEM II COME BEFORE PHOTOSYSTEM I? It was discovered and named 1st PHOTOSYSTEM II ↓ ↓ PHOTOSYSTEM I Image modified from: Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall See a video clip about the LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTION (Part 2) 8D http://www.newtonswindow.com/problem-solving.htm REMEMBER CELL BIO Molecules move automatically from “where there’s A LOT” to “where there’s NOT” Animatioin from: http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/diffusion-animated.gif http://www.newtonswindow.com/problem-solving.htm REMEMBER CELL BIO Diffusion happens anytime there is a difference in concentration in one place compared to another CONCENTRATION GRADIENT = ________________________ http://www.newtonswindow.com/problem-solving.htm REMEMBER CELL BIO Diffusion can happen across membranes TOO …as long as membrane will let molecule through Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTIONS See an animation about the ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN SEE A MOVIE ATP SYNTHASE IN ACTION http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/metabolism/atpsyn1.sw http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/metabolism/photosynthesis.swf LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTION LIGHT Requires ______________ Molecules are part ofTHYLAKOID ________________ membranes Made up of __________________ PHOTOSYSTEMS II & I connected by ______________________ ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN ATP SYNTHASE & ___________________ Uses light energy to change ATP ADP + P → _______ NADPH NADP+ + 2e- + H + → _________ H20 molecules and Breaks apart ______ releases _____________ oxygen PHOTOSYNTHESIS Light & Water Light-Dependent Reaction Oxygen ATP NADPH Carbon Dioxide Light-Independent Reactions CALVIN CYCLE (CH2O)n PHOTOSYNTHESIS OVERVIEW Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Prentice Hall Calvin Cycle (8E) Go to Section: Click the image to play the video segment. Calvin Cycle CO2 Enters the Cycle Energy Input 5-Carbon Molecules Regenerated 6-Carbon Sugar Produced Sugars and other compounds See Calvin cycle animation CALVIN CYCLE LIGHT INDEPENDENT (also called _________________________) DOES NOT require ____________ LIGHT ____________ Happens in _________ STROMA between thylakoids NADPH donates _______________ Hydrogen + electrons ATP donates _________________ ENERGY CO2 donates ______________ Carbon & oxygen to make __________ GLUCOSE http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html Factors that Affect Photosynthesis AMOUNT OF WATER ____________________ Water is one of the raw materials needed, so slow or stop A shortage of water can ________________ photosynthesis Desert plants and conifers that live in dry conditions have a waxy coating on their leaves to prevent water loss. http://www.hononegah.org/departments/Anderson/cactus.JPG Factors that Affect Photosynthesis TEMPERATURE Photosynthesis enzymes function best between 0° C - 35° C At temperatures above or below this range, photosynthesis will slow or stop Conifers in winter may carry out photosynthesis only occasionally http://www.sustland.umn.edu/maint/images/evergreen10.jpg REMEMBER CELL BIO Enzymes work BEST at a certain temperature pH and __________. ___ Conditions that are TOO ACIDIC or TOO HOT cause proteins DENATURE to unwind or _________ http://www.desktopfotos.de/Downloads/melt_cd.jpg http://www.nealbrownstudio.com/adm/photo/163_nb_fried_egg.jpg Denaturing changes the shape of the enzyme making it not work HOMEOSTASIS (keeping pH and temperature constant) is important for maintaining enzyme function. Image from:http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookCHEM2.html Factors that Affect Photosynthesis LIGHT INTENSITY ____________________ More light increases rate of photosynthesis up to a certain level until plant reaches its maximum rate of photosynthesis See effect of light experiment http://www.teachnet.ie/foneill/exper.htm http://206.173.89.42/REALTYWITHALOHA_COM/piphoto/funny%20sun%20with%20sunglasses.gif THE BIG PICTURE PHOTOSYNTHESIS provides OXYGEN the _____________ we breathe and the __________ sugars heterotrophs (like us) consume to survive Carbon WATER dioxide + ____________ _____________ Sugars Oxygen _______________ + ____________ Concept Map Section 8-3 Photosynthesis includes use to produce Go to Section: takes place in take place in of uses to produce Concept Map Section 8-3 Photosynthesis includes Lightdependent reactions Calvin cycle use take place in Energy from sunlight Thylakoid membranes to produce ATP NADPH Go to Section: O2 takes place in Stroma uses ATP NADPH of to produce Chloroplasts High-energy sugars SOUTH DAKOTA SCIENCE STANDARDS • Chapter 8 - Photosynthesis: • The students will be able to: • explain the biochemical processes that a plant uses in photosynthesis • explain the role ADP-ATP cycle has within the chloroplast of the cell (9-12.L.1.1) • explain the light reaction (9-12.L.1.1) • explain the steps of photophosphorylation and the Calvin Cycle (9-12.L.1.1) SOUTH DAKOTA CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS LIFE SCIENCE: Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things • 9-12.L.1.1. Students are able to relate cellular functions and processes to specialized structures within cells. • Photosynthesis and respiration • ATP-ADP energy cycle Role of enzymes Mitochondria Chloroplasts Core High School Life Science Performance Descriptors High school students performing at the ADVANCED level: explain the steps of photophosphorylation and the Calvin Cycle; analyze chemical reaction and chemical processes involved in the Calvin Cycle and Krebs Cycle; predict the function of a given structure; predict how homeostasis is maintained within living systems High school students performing at the PROFICIENT level: describe and give examples of chemical reactions required to sustain life (hydrolysis, dehydration synthesis, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, ADP/ATP, role of enzymes); describe the relationship between structure and function explain how homeostasis is maintained within living systems; predict how life systems respond to changes in the environment; High school students performing at the BASIC level name chemical reactions required to sustain life (hydrolysis, dehydration synthesis, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, ADP/ATP, role of enzymes); recognize that different structures perform different functions; define homeostasis; SOUTH DAKOTA ADVANCED SCIENCE STANDARDS LIFE SCIENCE: Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things. 9-12.L.1.1A. Students are able to explain the physical and chemical processes of photosynthesis and cell respiration and their importance to plant and animal life. (SYNTHESIS) Examples: photosystems, photophosphorylation, Calvin Cycle and Krebs Cycle SOUTH DAKOTA ADVANCED STANDARDS LIFE SCIENCE Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things. 9-12.L.1.2A. (Synthesis) Describe how living systems use biofeedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasis. 9-12.L.1.4A. (Application) Identify factors that change the rates of enzyme catalyzed reactions.