Transcript 香港僱員信心、勞資關係 及工作承諾調查研究 Employee Confidence, Industrial Relations and Work Commitment Survey 香港城市大學管理學系應用研究 梁覺教授、葉景明博士 Applied Research Conducted by Prof. Kwok LEUNG and Dr.

香港僱員信心、勞資關係
及工作承諾調查研究
Employee Confidence, Industrial
Relations and Work Commitment
Survey
香港城市大學管理學系應用研究
梁覺教授、葉景明博士
Applied Research Conducted by
Prof. Kwok LEUNG and Dr. Olivia IP
Department of Management,
City University of Hong Kong
Press Release on 10 June 2009
1
背景資料 Background Information
• 本研究旨在了解香港僱員對目前工作的信心指數、勞資關係和工
作承諾的情況。
• 調查以電話訪問形式進行，於2009年3月期間，成功訪問810位18
歲或以上，現正全職工作的香港僱員。
• 研究結果可幫助僱主了解僱員的心態、需要及工作承諾，以便制
訂人事管理政策。
• The survey aims to understand the confidence levels of Hong
Kong employees towards their jobs, their relations with
employers, and their work commitment.
• It was conducted during March, 2009. A total of 810 Hong Kong
current full-time employees, aged 18 or above, were interviewed.
• The research results can enhance employers’ understanding of
employees’ attitudes, needs and work commitment, and inform
human resource management policy making.
2
樣本概況 Sample Overview
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
樣本總數：810
性別：男(50%) / 女(50%)
年齡：30以下(20.6%) / 30 – 39 (25.2%) / 40或以上(54.2%)
婚姻狀況：未婚(36.3%) / 已婚(63.7%)
職級：低層(33.5%) / 中層(56.2%) / 高層(9.5%)
教育程度：小學及中學(55.3%) / 大專或以上(44.7%)
在公司工作平均年數：7.91 年
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Total sample: 810
Sex: Male (50%) / Female (50%)
Age: Below 30 (20.6%) / 30 – 39 (25.2 %) / 40 or above (54.2 %)
Marriage status: Single (36.3 %) / Married (63.7%)
Job position: Lower level (33.5 %) / Middle level (56.2 %) / Upper level (9.5 %)
Education level: Primary and Secondary (55.3 %) / Tertiary or above (44.7 %)
Average years of working with the current company: 7.91 years
3
香港僱員信心指數
Hong Kong Employee Confidence Index
(HKECI)
4
• 香港僱員信心指數 (HKECI – 簡稱ECI ) 是量度僱員對工作上不
同層面的觀感及滿意程度。
• ECI 內的10題問題，包括3個方面：工作滿意度、工作安全感，
及工作前景。
• Hong Kong Employee Confidence Index (HKECI – shortened to
ECI ) aims to measure employees’ perceptions and satisfaction
towards various aspects of their jobs.
• The 10 questions in ECI fall into 3 categories: Well-Being, Job
Security and Job Prospect.
5
• ECI 是以 0-10分作評分，分數越高，表示僱員的信心越高。
• 此外，受訪者也被問及對目前香港的就業市場的看法。
• ECI is measured on a scale of 0-10. A higher score represents
a higher overall confidence of the employee.
• In addition, respondents were also asked about their views on
the overall job market in Hong Kong.
6
僱員信心指數 – 2005-2009年比較及分層分析
ECI –Comparison of 2005-2009 findings and
Analyses by Sectors
7
Employee Confidence Index (ECI) 僱員信心指數
05'
06'
07'
08'
09'
5.48
Overall ECI 整體僱員
信心指數
5.72
5.82
6.04
5.43
3.87
4.22
4.49
Overall job market 整體
就業市場
5.05
3.23
2
4
Mean 平均值
6
11-point scale: 0 – lowest; 10 – highest
十一分制 : 0 – 最低, 10 – 最高
8
Employee Confidence Index (ECI) - 2005-2009
僱員信心指數（05-09年）趨勢圖
6.1
6
5.9
5.8
5.7
Overall ECI 僱員整體信
心指數
5.6
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.2
5.1
05'
06'
07'
08'
09'
Employee Confidence Index (ECI) 僱員信心指數
Well-Being 工作滿意度
07'
08'
09'
7.53
7.67
7.58
Relationship w/ colleagues
和其他同事的關係
7.19
7.26
7.16
Job performance 個人工作
表現
6.75
6.52
6.81
Clear company goals 清晰
的公司目標
6.48
6.47
6.5
Being appreciated by boss
被上司賞識
2
4
Mean 平均值
6
8
10
11-point scale: 0 – lowest; 10 – highest
十一分制 : 0 – 最低, 10 – 最高
10
Employee Confidence Index (ECI) 僱員信心指數
Job Security 工作安全感
07'
08'
09'
7.15
Maintain position 留任
機會
7.41
6.77
6.71
Optimistic company
prospect 對公司前景樂
觀
6.72
6.52
2
4
6
8
10
Mean 平均值
11-point scale: 0 – lowest; 10 – highest
十一分制 : 0 – 最低, 10 – 最高
11
Employee Confidence Index (ECI) 僱員信心指數
07'
08'
09'
Job Prospect 工作前景
5.21
Opp. for enhancing skills 提升知
識/技能的機會
4.66
3.91
Opp. for finding a better job 找
到待遇更好的工作
2.76
4.32
4.37
Opp. for salary raise 加薪機會
5.21
2.84
2.94
Opp. for promotion 晉升機會
2.74
2
3
5.50
3.34
4
Mean 平均值
5
6
11-point scale: 0 – lowest; 10 – highest
十一分制 : 0 – 最低, 10 – 最高
12
主要研究結果 (I) Major Findings (I)
•整體上，“工作滿意度”變化不大，但有關“清晰公司目
標” 方面，卻較去年進步。
•整體上，“工作安全感” 較過去兩年下降。
•在“工作前景”上，各方面也比過去兩年大幅下降。
• Overall, the Well-Being score has not changed much
compared to the past two years. However, employees’
perception of “clear company goals” has improved.
• Overall, the Job Security score has dropped compared to
the last two years.
• Employees’ view of Job Prospect is substantially worse
than that of 2008 and 2007 in all aspects.
13
Employee Confidence Index (ECI) 僱員信心指數
Mean
平均值
Overall ECI 整體僱員信心指數
07'
08'
09'
0%
24%
73%
20%
3%
75%
38%
5%
60%
20%
40%
Low 低
60%
Medium 中
11-point scale: 0<low<5;
十一分制 :
0<低<5;
2%
80%
5.82
6.04
5.43
100%
High 高
5<medium<8; 8<high<10
5<中<8 ;
8<高<10
14
ECI Sub-indexes 僱員信心指數分層分析
2009
Mean
平均值
2009 2008 2007
ECI Subindex 1 Well-Being ECI
分層1 工作滿意度
ECI Subindex 2 Job Security
ECI分層2 工作安全感
8.3%
73.2%
29.4%
ECI Subindex 3 Job Prospect
ECI分層3 工作前景
0%
18.5%
3.25
16.8% 1.1%
82.1%
20%
Low 低
40%
60%
Medium 中
11-point scale: 0<low<5;
十一分制 :
0<低<5;
6.64 7.06 6.93
27.0%
43.6%
7.01 6.99 6.99
80%
4.59 4.11
100%
High 高
5<medium<8; 8<high<10
5<中<8 ;
8<高<10
15
Mean
平均值
Overall Job Market 整體就業市場
07'
08'
46.0%
37.30%
3.0% 4.49
57.90%
4.80%
70.9%
09'
0%
51.0%
20%
40%
Low 低
11-point scale: 0-4 low;
十一分制 :
0-4 低;
27.7%
60%
Medium 中
80%
1.4%
5.05
3.23
100%
High 高
5-8 medium; 9-10 high
5-8 中 ;
9-10 高
16
主要研究結果 (II) Major Findings (II)
• 研究結果顯示香港僱員的信心指數(ECI)，屬中等水準，平均值
有5.43分,但較2008年(平均值 6.04)顯著下降。
• 與2008年比較，低水準的信心指數的僱員比例上升 (20%增至
38%)。
• 約有60%的受訪者的信心指數是屬於中等，而約2%的信心是屬
於高.
• This survey shows that the confidence level of Hong Kong
employees is moderate, with an ECI mean of 5.43, which is
significantly lower than that of 2008 (6.04).
• Compared to the results of 2008, the proportion of
respondents with low levels of ECI increased from 20% to
38%.
• About 60% of the respondents have an average level of ECI,
while about 2% have a high ECI.
17
主要研究結果 (II) Major Findings (II)
• 另外，香港僱員對整體就業市場的信心較低（平均3.23分），
顯示他們認為目前在香港「搵工」比較悲觀。
• 相比起2008年的5.05分，僱員對2009年的整體就業市場的信心
指數有很大程度的下降。
• There is moderate pessimism towards the overall job market
(average score 3.23). This indicates that job search prospects
are not good.
• Compared to the score of 2008 (average score 5.05), the
confidence level of employees towards overall job market has
decreased.
18
僱員信心指數 – 不同行業分析 (分層)
ECI – Analyses by Industry (by Sector)
19
ECI – Analyses by Industries 不同行業的信心指數
Overall ECI 整體信心指數
Manufacturing 製造業
8
Construction 建造業
Wholesale, retail 批發、零售
Mean ECI = 5.43
Mean 平均值
6
5.34
5.59
5.58
5.11
5.15
5.07
5.38
5.44
Import & export traders 進出口貿易
Restaurants & hotels 飲食及酒店業
4
Transport, storage & communications
運輸、倉庫及通訊業
Financing, insurance, real estate &
business services 金融、保險、地產及
商用服務
2
0
Community, social & personal services
社區、社會及個人服務業
製造業
建造業
批發
零售
進出口
貿易
飲食及
酒店業
運輸、倉庫 金融、保險 社區、社會 11-point scale: 0 – lowest; 10 – highest
及通訊
地產
及個人服務 十一分制 : 0 – 最低, 10 – 最高
20
Employee Confidence Index (ECI) 僱員信心指數
Wholesale & Retail 批發零售業
9
Well-Being
工作滿意度
7.16
6.76
6.52
6.4
6.61
6.5
5.43
4.66
3.13
3.23
2.84
2.73
3.31
2.76
3
3.24
4
3.51
4.69
5
5.59
Mean 平均值
6
6.81
6.57
7.05
7
Job Prospect
工作前景
7.58
6.96
7.74
8
Job Security
工作安全感
2
1
0
會
識
會
係
現
場
作
會
會
標
觀
ECI
的關 工作表 公司目 上司賞 留任機 前景樂 能的機 好的工 加薪機 晉升機 就業市
rall
e
事
v
O
tion
s被
tion
他同
個人
整體
晰的
公司 知識 /技 待遇更 y ra is e
bo s in pos i ect 對
r
k et
o mo
r
和其 ma nce o als 清
r
到
a
升
y
l
a
p
b
s
a
找
or
for
ed
nta
osp
gue
yg
lls 提 ter job p . for s
ob m
perf
pp .
c iat
Mai
lle a
y pr in g s ki
p an
all j
t
e
b
O
r
p
r
o
n
e
o
m
e
c
p
a
O
b
J
o
v
/
p
O
ga
a nc
ar c eing a
omp
ip w
Cle
tic c for enh r findin
nsh
B
s
o
i
i
t
o
a
.
im
Overall Mean
Re l
Opt
Opp Opp . F
整體平均值
11-point scale: 0-5 low;
十一分制 :
0-5 低;
5-8 medium; 8-10 high
5-8 中 ;
8-10 高
21
Employee Confidence Index (ECI) 僱員信心指數
Transport, storage & communications 運輸、倉庫及通訊業
Well-Being
工作滿意度
Job Security
工作安全感
Job Prospect
工作前景
8
7.58
7.16
6.81
6.52
6.16
5
5.07
4.66
4
3.23
2.76
2.84
2.73
2.01
2
2.18
2.6
3
2.92
3.53
Mean 平均值
5.43
6.51
6.61
6
6.76
6.5
6.91
7.13
7.13
7
1
0
ECI
機會
賞識 任機會
機會
關係
表現
市場
工作
機會
目標
樂觀
rall
e
上司
事的
工作
就業
留
加薪 ion 晉升
公司
前景 /技能的 更好的
v
e
n
O
被
同
人
體
的
司
o
is
i
t
s
他
個
整
晰
公
it
識
待遇 la ry ra
mo
bo s
k et
pos
t 對 提升知
和其 r ma nce
ls 清
找到
r pro
mar
sa
p ec
d by aint ain
o
go a
b
o
s
ue s
f
r
b
s
e
f
o
l
t
o
g
y
r
.
o
j
l
o
f
i
r
j
a
a
n
e
i
k
.
p
M
t t er
Opp
rall
o lle
ny p
mp a app rec
ng s
Opp
J ob
a be
Ov e
w/ c
r co
mp a nha nci
g
g
a
o
ip
n
n
c
e
i
i
h
l
d
e
c
e
C
ti
ns
B
r f in
atio
. f or
im is
Overall Mean
. Fo
Re l
Opt
Opp
Opp
整體平均值
11-point scale: 0-5 low;
十一分制 :
0-5 低;
5-8 medium; 8-10 high
5-8 中 ;
8-10 高
22
主要研究結果 (III) Major Findings (III)
• 就不同行業而言，運輸、倉庫及通訊業(平均值5.07)、及飲食及
酒店業 (平均值5.11)從業員的信心指數比其他行業為低。
• 批發零售業(平均值5.59)、進出口貿易業（平均值5.58）從業員
的信心指數比其他行業高。
• 今年金融、保險、地產及商用業經歷最大的跌幅。
• With regard to different industries, the employees in Transport,
storage & communications industries (average score 5.07) and
the employees in Restaurants & hotels (average score 5.11)
have lower ECI scores than others.
• The employees in Wholesale retail industries (average score
5.59) and the employees in Import & export trades (average
score 5.58) have a higher ECI score than other industries.
• The Financing, insurance, real estate and business service
industries saw the greatest drop in scores this year.
23
僱員信心指數 –人口統計分析(分層)
ECI – Analyses by Demographics
24
Employee Confidence Index by Gender
僱員信心指數分層分析 – 性別
Mean 平均值
8
6
5.4
5.47
Male 男
Female 女
4
2
11-point scale: 0 – lowest; 10 – highest
十一分制 : 0 – 最低, 10 – 最高
25
Employee Confidence Index- by Gender
僱員信心指數分層分析 – 性別
8
7.11
6.93
6.68
Mean 平均值
6.6
6
4
3.27
2
Male 男
Well-Being 工作滿意度
Job Prospect 工作前景
3.23
Female 女
Job Security 工作安全感
11-point scale: 0 – lowest; 10 – highest
十一分制 : 0 – 最低, 10 – 最高
26
Employee Confidence Index -by Age
僱員信心指數分層分析 – 年齡
Mean 平均值
8
6
5.68
5.66
5.24
4
2
Below 30 years old 30歲
以下
30-39 years old 30-39歲 40 years old or above 40歲
或以上
11-point scale: 0 – lowest; 10 – highest
十一分制 : 0 – 最低, 10 – 最高
27
Employee Confidence Index -by Age
僱員信心指數分層分析 – 年齡
8
7. 04 6. 86
6. 76
Mean 平均值
6. 36
7. 11
6. 66
6
4. 25
3. 69
4
2. 66
2
Below 30 years old 30
歲以下
Well-Being 工作滿意度
30-39 years old
30-39歲
Job Security 工作安全感
40 years old or above
40歲或以上
Job Prospect 工作前景
11-point scale: 0 – lowest; 10 – highest
十一分制 : 0 – 最低, 10 – 最高
28
Employee Confidence Index- by Education Level
僱員信心指數分層分析 – 學歷
8
Mean 平均值
5.77
6
5.17
4
2
Primary and Secondary levels 小學及中
學
Tertiary or above 大專或以上
11-point scale: 0 – lowest; 10 – highest
十一分制 : 0 – 最低, 10 – 最高
29
Employee Confidence Index -by Education Level
僱員信心指數分層分析 – 學歷
8
7.11
6.94
6.91
Mean 平均值
6.42
6
3.85
4
2.78
2
Primary and Secondary levels 小學及
中學
Well-Being 工作滿意度
Job Prospect 工作前景
Tertiary or above 大專或以上
Job Security 工作安全感
11-point scale: 0 – lowest; 10 – highest
十一分制 : 0 – 最低, 10 – 最高
30
Employee Confidence Index -by Job Position
僱員信心指數分層分析 – 職位
Mean 平均值
8
6
5.6
5.78
5.06
4
2
Lower level 低層
Middle level 中層
Upper level 高層
11-point scale: 0 – lowest; 10 – highest
十一分制 : 0 – 最低, 10 – 最高
31
Employee Confidence Index -by Job Position
僱員信心指數分層分析 – 職位
8
7.42
7.14
6.96
6.81
6.7
Mean 平均值
6.3
6
4
3.47
3.56
2.8
2
Lower level 低層
Middle level 中層
Well-Being 工作滿意度
Job Prospect 工作前景
Upper level 高層
Job Security 工作安全感
11-point scale: 0 – lowest; 10 – highest
十一分制 : 0 – 最低, 10 – 最高
32
主要研究結果 (IV) Major Findings (IV)
• 男性與女性信心指數相差不大。
• 男性與女性在工作安全感、工作前景方面的信心指數相差不大。
• 40歲以上僱員信心指數較低, 30歲以下僱員信心指數較高.
• 學歷(小學及中學) 低的僱員信心指數較低, 學歷(大專或以上)高的
僱員信心指數較高。
• 和其他年齡組別的僱員比較起來, 40歲以上的僱員對工作前景的
信心尤其低，但是他們的工作滿意度較強。
• 低層職位僱員的信心指數，相對於中層和高層職位僱員的信心指
數為低。
33
主要研究結果 (IV) Major Findings (IV)
• The ECI of males and females are comparable.
• With regards to Job Security and Job Prospect, the ECI of
males and females are comparable.
• Employees aged 40 or above tend to have a lower ECI, but
employees aged 30 or below tend to have a higher ECI.
• Employees with low educational attainment tend to have a
lower ECI. However, Employees with a higher education level
tend to have a higher ECI.
• Compared with employees of other age groups, those aged
40 and above tend to have the lowest confidence with regard
to their own Job prospect; however, they also tend to have
higher levels of Job Well-Being.
• Compared with people in middle level and upper level
positions, employees in low-level positions tend to have a
lower ECI.
34
Employee Confidence Index -by Occupations
僱員信心指數分層分析 – 職業界別
Managers and administrators 經理及行政
人員
5.59
Professionals 專業人員
5.99
5.62
Associate professionals 輔助專業人員
Clerks 文員
5.46
Service workers 服務工作文員
5.09
Shop sales workers 商店銷售員
5.93
Craft and related workers 工藝及有關人
員
Plant, machine operators & assemblers機
台及機器操作員及裝配員
4.76
5.16
Mean ECI = 5.43
Elementary occupations 非技術工人
4.66
2
4 Mean 平均值
6
8
11-point scale: 0 – lowest; 10 – highest
十一分制 : 0 – 最低, 10 – 最高
35
Employee Confidence Index -by Occupations
僱員信心指數分層分析 – 職業界別
Managers and administrators 經理及行政
人員
7.2
6.7
3.44
Professionals 專業人員
7.28
7.12
4.14
6.9
Associate professionals 輔助專業人員
3.61
Clerks 文員
Service workers 服務工作文員
6.8
6.14
2.85
Shop sales workers 商店銷售員
7.04
6.66
3.28
7.1
7.03
3.89
7.41
6.76
Craft and related workers 工藝及有關人
員
5.48
2.44
Plant, machine operators and assemblers機
台、機器操作員及裝配員
6.41
2.8
Elementary occupations 非技術工人
6.39
1.91
6.91
6.59
Well-Being 工作滿意度
Job Security 工作安全感
Job Prospect 工作前景
1.5
3.5
Mean 平均值
5.5
7.5
主要研究結果 (V) Major Findings (V)
• 專業人員的ECI信心指數最高，非技術工人的ECI信心指數最低
• 商店銷售員的在工作滿意度方面的信心指數最高，專業人員在
工作安全、工作前景方面的信心指數最高
• 值得注意，商店銷售員是唯一ECI信心指數沒有下降的職業組別
(去年均值5.95)。而經理及行政人員的ECI信心指數則經歷了最
大的跌幅(去年均值6.54)。
• 非技術工人在工作滿意度、工作前景方面的信心指數為最低。
工藝及有關人員在工作安全方面的信心指數最低
37
主要研究結果 (V) Major Findings (V)
• Professionals tend to have the highest ECI; employees in
Elementary occupations tend to have the lowest ECI.
• Shop sales workers have the highest Job Well-Being scores.
Professionals have the highest Job Security and Job Prospect
scores.
• It is worth noting that Shop sales workers is the only
occupation that did not report a lower ECI score from last year
(last year’s average 5.95). On the other hand, Managers and
Administrators reported the greatest drop in ECI score from
last year (last year’s average 6.54).
• Employees in Elementary occupations tend to have the
lowest Job Well-Being and Job Prospect scores. Craft and
related workers have the lowest Job Security scores.
38
Industrial Relations Index (IRI)
勞資關係指數
39
• 勞資關係指數(IRI)是量度勞方及資方關係的指數。
• IRI內的五條問題以1 – 5分作評分，分數越高表示僱員
對勞資關係的看法比較正面。
• Industrial Relations Index (IRI) aims to measure
relations between employers and employees .
• The 5 questions in the IRI are based on a scale of 1
– 5, and a higher score represents a more positive
view of industrial relations.
40
Industrial Relations Index (IRI) 勞資關係指數
3.38
3.38
3.45
Overall IRI 整體勞資關係指數
2.87
2.87
2.86
*Distrust between employers and
employees 勞方及資方互相不信任
2008
2009
2.30
2.31
2.17
*Hostility between employers and
employees 勞方及資方充滿敵意
3.50
3.51
3.56
Respect between employers and
employees 勞方方及資方互相尊重
Consideration of both side's benefits
when making decision by the employers
資方作出決定時會照顧勞資雙方利益
1.00
2007
3.54
3.52
3.53
Cooperation between employers and
employees 勞方和資方盡力合作
3.06
3.05
3.15
2.00
*Lower score represents better relation.
低分表示良好關係
3.00
Mean 平均值
Mean IRI = 3.45
4.00
5.00
5-point scale: 1 – Extremely disagree; 5 – Extremely agree
五分制 : 1 – 極之不同意, 5 – 極之同意
41
Industrial Relations Index (IRI) – by Industry
勞資關係指數 – 行業
Mean IRI = 3.45
5-point scale: 1 – Extremely disagree; 5 – Extremely agree
五分制 : 1 – 極之不同意, 5 – 極之同意
42
Industrial Relations Index (IRI) – by Job Position
勞資關係指數 – 職位
5
Mean 平均值
4
3.38
3.45
3.6
3
2
1
Lower level 低層
Middle level 中層
Upper level 高層
5-point scale: 1 – Extremely disagree; 5 – Extremely agree
五分制 : 1 – 極之不同意, 5 – 極之同意
43
Industrial Relations Index (IRI) – by Gender
勞資關係指數 – 性別
5
Mean 平均值
4
3.39
3.5
3
2
1
Male 男
Female 女
5-point scale: 1 – Extremely disagree; 5 – Extremely agree
五分制 : 1 – 極之不同意, 5 – 極之同意
44
Industrial Relations Index (IRI) – by Age
勞資關係指數– 年齡
4
3.43
3.42
3.46
Mean 平均值
3.5
3
2.5
2
Below 30 years old 30歲
以下
30-39 years old 30-39歲 40 years old or above 40歲
或以上
5-point scale: 1 – Extremely disagree; 5 – Extremely agree
五分制 : 1 – 極之不同意, 5 – 極之同意
45
Industrial Relations Index (IRI) – by Education Level
勞資關係指數 –學歷
4
3.43
3.46
Mean 平均值
3.5
3
2.5
2
Primary and Secondary levels 小學及中
學
Tertiary or above 大專或以上
5-point scale: 1 – Extremely disagree; 5 – Extremely agree
五分制 : 1 – 極之不同意, 5 – 極之同意
46
Industrial Relations Index (IRI)– by Occupation
勞資關係指數 – 職業界別
Managers and administrators 經理及行政
人員
3.56
Professionals 專業人員
3.5
Associate professionals 輔助專業人員
3.33
Clerks 文員
3.52
Service workers 服務工作文員
3.29
Shop sales workers 商店銷售員
3.48
Craft and related workers 工藝及有關人
員
3.19
Plant, machine operators & assemblers機
台、機器操作員及裝配員
3.27
Elementary occupations 非技術工人
3.48 Mean IRI = 3.45
1
2
5-point scale: 1 – Extremely disagree; 5 – Extremely agree
五分制 : 1 – 極之不同意, 5 – 極之同意
3
Mean 平均值
4
5
47
主要研究結果 (I) Major Findings (I)
• 在勞資關係指數上，受訪者的評分為中等水平（3.45） ，反映
出勞資關係尚算協調。
• 在進出口貿易行業(3.53)勞資關係最好;在批發和零售業 (3.38)
，勞資關係指數最低。
• 職位越高，勞資關係指數亦會越高，即是勞資關係越好。
• This survey shows that the IRI score of Hong Kong
employees is moderate, with an IRI mean of 3.45
• The IRI of employees in Import & export trades (3.53) is the
highest, while that of employees in Wholesale & retail (3.38)
is the lowest.
• The higher the position, the higher the IRI, which indicates
better relations between the employers and employees.
48
• 女性的勞資關係指數較男性高。
• 經理及行政人員的勞資關係指數最高；而工藝及有關人員的勞
資關係指數最低。
• Female respondents reported higher IRI scores than male
respondents.
• Respondents working as Managers and administrations
reported the highest IRI scores, while respondents working in
Craft and related workers indicated the lowest IRI score.
49
Work Commitment Index
工作承諾指數
50
•工作承諾指數(WCI)是一個量度僱員工作承諾程度的指
數。
•WCI主要包括2方面:組織承諾及職業承諾。
•“組織承諾”包括3條，以1 – 5分作評分，分數越高
表示僱員對現在工作組織的承諾程度越高。
•“職業承諾”包括3條，以1—5分作評分，分數越高，
表示僱員對現在從事的職業的承諾程度越高。
51
• WCI aims to measure employees’ work commitment towards
their organizations and occupations.
• WCI has 2 aspects: Organizational commitment, Occupational
commitment.
• Organizational commitment (OGC) includes 3 items, based
on a scale of 1 – 5. A higher score reflects a higher level of
work commitment towards their organizations.
• Occupational commitment (OCC) includes 3 items, based on
a scale of 1 – 5. A higher score reflects a higher level of work
commitment towards their occupations.
52
Work Commitment Index (WCI)
工作承諾指數
5.00
Mean 平均值
4.00
3.38
3.58
3.00
2.00
1.00
2008
2009
5-point scale: 1 – Extremely disagree; 5 – Extremely agree
五分制 : 1 – 極之不同意, 5 – 極之同意
53
Work Commitment Index (WCI)
工作承諾指數
4
3.8
Mean 平均值
3.66
3.6
3.58
3.5
3.4
3.2
3
Work Commitment Index
工作承諾指數
Organizational
commitment組織承諾
Occupational
commitment職業承諾
5-point scale: 1 – Extremely disagree; 5 – Extremely agree
五分制 : 1 – 極之不同意, 5 – 極之同意
54
Organizational Commitment
組織承諾
5
4
Mean 平均值
3.69
3.24
3.38
3.24
3.38
3.42
3
2008
2009
2
1
Strong sense of belonging to
organization
對組織的有很強的歸屬感
Normative loyalty to
organization
一個人必須忠於他的組織
Due to concerns of livelihood
逼於生計而不離開組織
5-point scale: 1 – Extremely disagree; 5 – Extremely agree
五分制 : 1 – 極之不同意, 5 – 極之同意
55
Occupational Commitment
職業承諾
5
4.1
Mean 平均值
4
3.88
3.27 3.31
3.32
3.54
2008
2009
3
2
1
Sense of pride for the
occupation職業自豪感
Sense of responsibility for the Too late to change occupation
occupation職業責任感
改變職業太遲
5-point scale: 1 – Extremely disagree; 5 – Extremely agree
五分制 : 1 – 極之不同意, 5 – 極之同意
56
主要研究結果 (I) Major Findings (I)
• 調查結果顯示2009年僱員的工作承諾指數(3.58)比
2008年高 (3.38)。
• 僱員對職業的承諾度的平均值(3.66)，比對組織承諾的
平均值(3.50)為高。
• The survey shows that employees’ WCI of 2009
(3.58) is higher than that of 2008 (3.38)
• Employees reported a higher level of Occupational
Commitment (3.66) than that of Organizational
Commitment (3.50).
主要研究結果 (I) Major Findings (I)
• 在“組織承諾”方面，2009年僱員“對組織的有很強的歸屬感
”與“一個人必須忠於他的組織”的分數比2008年高。
• 在“職業承諾”方面，2009年僱員的對“職業責任感”與對“
改變職業太遲”的看法比2008年高。
• With regards to “organizational commitment”, employees
reported higher scores for “strong sense of belonging to
organization” and “normative loyalty to organization” in 2009
than in 2008.
• With regards to “occupational commitment”, employees
reported higher scores for “sense of responsibility for the
occupation” and “too late to change occupation” in 2009 than
in 2008.
工作承諾指數 –
以行業及人口統計分析(分層)
WCI – Analyses by Industry &
Demographics
59
Work Commitment Index (WCI)– by Industry
工作承諾指數– 行業
Mean WCI = 3.58
5-point scale: 1 – Extremely disagree; 5 – Extremely agree
五分制 : 1 – 極之不同意, 5 – 極之同意
60
Work Commitment Index (WCI)
工作承諾指數
5-point scale: 1 – Extremely disagree; 5 – Extremely agree
五分制 : 1 – 極之不同意, 5 – 極之同意
61
Work Commitment Index (WCI)– by Occupation
工作承諾指數– 職業界別
Managers and administrators 經理及行政
人員
3.77
3.63
Professionals 專業人員
3.42
Associate professionals 輔助專業人員
3.72
3.68
3.38
3.53
3.49
Clerks 文員
3.61
3.47
Service workers 服務工作文員
3.73
3.9
Shop sales workers 商店銷售員
Craft and related workers 工藝及有關人
員
3.71
3.32
Plant, machine operators & assemblers機
台、機器操作員及裝配員
3.42
3.27
3.69
3.6
Elementary occupations 非技術工人
1
2
3
Mean 平均值
5-point scale: 1 – Extremely disagree; 5 – Extremely agree
五分制 : 1 – 極之不同意, 5 – 極之同意
4
5
Mean CI = 3.58
職業承諾 Occupational commitment
組織承諾 Organizational commitment
62
Work Commitment Index (WCI)–– by Gender
工作承諾指數 – 性別
5
Mean 平均值
4
3.46
3.6
3.54
3.72
3
2
1
Male 男
Female 女
組織承諾 Organizational commitment
職業承諾 Occupational commitment
5-point scale: 1 – Extremely disagree; 5 – Extremely agree
五分制 : 1 – 極之不同意, 5 – 極之同意
63
Work Commitment Index (WCI)––by Position
工作承諾指數 –– 職位
5
4
Mean 平均值
3.4
3.53
3.72
3.63
3.93
3.47
3
2
1
Lower level 低層
Middle level 中層
Upper level 高層
組織承諾 Organizational commitment
職業承諾 Occupational commitment
5-point scale: 1 – Extremely disagree; 5 – Extremely agree
五分制 : 1 – 極之不同意, 5 – 極之同意
64
Work Commitment Index (WCI)––by Age
工作承諾指數 –年齡
4
3.88
3.48
3.64
3.61
Mean 平均值
3.5
3.13
3.12
3
2.5
2
Below 30 years old 30歲以
下
30-39 years old 30-39歲
40 years old or above 40歲
或以上
組織承諾 Organizational commitment
職業承諾 Occupational commitment
5-point scale: 1 – Extremely disagree; 5 – Extremely agree
五分制 : 1 – 極之不同意, 5 – 極之同意
65
Work Commitment Index (WCI)–– by Education
工作承諾指數 – 學歷
5
Mean 平均值
4
3.58
3.7
3.39
3.6
3
2
1
Primary and Secondary levels 小學及中學
Tertiary or above 大專或以上
組織承諾 Organizational commitment
職業承諾 Occupational commitment
5-point scale: 1 – Extremely disagree; 5 – Extremely agree
五分制 : 1 – 極之不同意, 5 – 極之同意
66
主要研究結果 (II) Major Findings (II)
• 研究結果顯示，以行業劃分，進出口貿易業的僱員的工作承諾指
數是最高（平均值3.65）；製造業的僱員的工作承諾指數是最低
（平均值3.5）。
• 女性僱員對職業承諾的指數比男性僱員為高。
• 高層職位的僱員對組織承諾及職業承諾指數，比低層職位的僱員
為高；
• 40歲年齡以上的僱員的組織承諾及職業承諾指數是最高；
• 以職業劃分, 經理及行政人員的職業承諾最高；商店銷售人員的
組織承諾最高。
67
• Employees in the Import & export trades reported the highest
level of work commitment (mean=3.65), whereas employees in
the Manufacturing industries reported the lowest level of work
commitment (mean=3.5).
• The results of this survey indicate females reported high
scores of Occupational Commitment than males.
• Upper level employees reported higher scores of Work
Commitment Index than lower level employees.
• Respondents aged 40 years old or above tend to have higher
scores of Work Commitment Index.
• By occupation, Managers and administrators reported the
highest scores of Occupational Commitment; Shop sales
workers reported the highest scores of Organizational
Commitment.
68
End of Presentation.
Thank you!
69