Transcript Central Pennsylvania ASHRAE Chapter Tom Werkema Distinguished Lecturer March 14, 2012 NETWORK GROW LEARN SHARE TEACH This ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer is brought to you by the Society Chapter Technology Transfer.

Central Pennsylvania
ASHRAE Chapter
Tom Werkema
Distinguished Lecturer
March 14, 2012
NETWORK
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Agenda
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
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1. ASHRAE Update
2. Climate Change Science
3. Climate International
4. Climate Country Specific
5. Regions/States
6. Energy Efficiency
7. Ozone Science
8. Ozone International
9. Ozone Country Programs
10. Technology Impact
Personal Responses to Climate Change
Presidential Member Lynn G. Bellenger
Lynn G. Bellenger
Memorial Fund
www.ashrae.org/bellenger
Commercial Building Standards
Standard 90.1-2010, Energy
Standard for Buildings Except LowRise Residential Buildings




PNNL confirmed 30% less building
energy use than 2004 standard
Recently established by U.S.
Department of Energy (DOE) as the
commercial building reference standard
for state building energy codes.
States must certify compliance by
October 2013
DOE determined 18.5% less building
energy use than 2007 standard
Commercial Building Standards
Standard 90.1-2013, Energy
Standard for Buildings Except LowRise Residential Buildings



Goal 50 percent less building
energy use over 2004 standard
15+ face-to-face meetings; 90+
conference calls
40 addenda in various stages of
approval; possibly 50 more to be
proposed
Commercial/Residential Building
Standards
The High Performance Building
Standard – 189.1

2011 standard now available
ASHRAE/IES Standard 100, Energy
Conservation in Existing Buildings

First public review approved in
Chicago
Residential Energy Standard

Draft goals being considered for
ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.2, EnergyEfficient Design of Low-Rise Residential
Buildings





30% more energy efficient than the 2004
version of 90.2 and IECC 2006
Technology Council appointed a Standard
Advisory Panel to position 90.2 as a
leadership standard
Requirements achievable to meet and
enforce
To include both a prescriptive and a
performance path
DOE has increased its support by means of
What’s Your Building EQ?




As Designed Pilot
launched in March
2011; pilot addresses
office buildings only
Anticipated program
launch March 2012
Research project to
expand building types
to be rated has been
proposed
www.buildingeq.org
BEAP and BEMP
certifications now
available
Advanced Energy Design Guides




Circulation of 30 and
50% Advanced Energy
Design Guidance series
is 360,000+
Available for free
download
50% K-12 School
Buildings and Existing
Buildings now available
New Guides on 50%
Mid-Big Box Retail and
Hospitals buildings
Technology Council




Developing Position Documents
 Unvented Combustion Appliances and IAQ
 Professional Aspects of Building
Commissioning
 Refrigerants and Their Responsible Use*
 Limiting Indoor Mold Growth and Managing
Moisture in Building Systems*
 Building Safety and Security
U.S. refrigeration management plan approved
Refrigeration Committee compiling products and
services survey results from 500 members
Standards Committee – 62 public review drafts, 106
comments received, revised online comment
database complete
(*approved in Chicago)
Members Council

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


Record number of Technology Award submissions –
37
Proposing regional members as Members Council
voting members vs. director and regional chairs
Reviewed and took action on 43 Fall Chapters
Regional Conference motions
Chartered the Dominican Republic Section in El
Vergel, Santo Domingo, and the Tri-Cities Section in
Kingsport, Tenn.
Approved name changes for


South India Chapter to Bangalore Chapter
Hyderabad Chapter to Deccan Chapter
RP Campaign
Join in the success!
7,000+ members
support RP …
Do you?
Finances and Membership

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2010-2011 budget surplus of almost
$800,000
Projected 2011-12 outlook –
$150,000
Membership stable with 53,000+
members
2011-12 is the largest total revenue
budget in ASHRAE history
AHR Expo 2012 is largest in history
Agenda
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1. ASHRAE Update
2. Climate Change Science
3. Climate International
4. Climate Country Specific
5. Regions/States
6. Energy Efficiency
7. Ozone Science
8. Ozone International
9. Ozone Country Programs
10. Technology Impact
Personal Responses to Climate Change
What is the “greenhouse effect”?
Like the sun, the Earth also emits radiation. It is much cooler
than the sun, though, so it emits in the infrared, just like a
person, a cat, or any other body. Some of that infrared energy
may be absorbed by molecules in the atmosphere, affecting the
global energy balance.
Venus has an atmosphere
with more than 90% CO2.
It also has sulfuric acid
clouds. Its planetary
greenhouse effect is about
500°C (the atmosphere
raises the temperature by
that much).
Earth has an atmosphere with much less
CO2 than Venus. The greenhouse effect
raises its average temperature by about
30°C.
The greenhouse effect is basic physics and
it is real. What about greenhouse warming?
The Atmosphere
The 1990s were warmer than at anytime during the last 1000
years
CCS-3
Climate Change - International

3 largest GHGs at record levels




Increasing at ever faster rate
CO2 @ 389 PPM
CH4 & N2O also up
Total increase 29% since 1990
NOAA/AGGI
Sea Ice – March 2011
Sea Ice – September 2011
Cloud Changes: the biggest prediction uncertainty
Low clouds cool climate
High clouds warm climate
Climate Change will change cloud characteristics
and, hence, their warming or cooling effect.
This will exert a powerful feedback on climate change,
but this feedback treatment differs between models.
Antarctic Temperature Trends, 1966–
2000
Components of sea-level rise
Gulf Stream – aka Global Halon
Circulation System
GHCS
Recent changes in global HCFC mixing ratios and growth rates
HCFC-22
14
BRW
10
NWR
MLO
8
120
6
80
4
40
40
1998
2002
8
6
SMO
5
CGO
SPO
4
HFC-3
152a
2
10
1
0
2006
0
1990
1994
1998
2002
2006
20
2.5
20
3.0
HCFC-142b
HCFC-141b
10
1.0
5
0.5
0
0.0
1994
1998
2002
2006
15
2.0
ppt
ppt
1.5
rate of change (ppt/yr)
15
Cl from HCFCs:
2.5
2.0
1990
9
10
1.5
1.0
5
0.5
0
1990
0.0
1994
1998
2002
2006
rate of change (ppt/yr)
1994
10
7
Air Archive
0
1990
30
20
2
0
HFC134a
KUM
ppt
ppt
160
ALT
12
rate of change (ppt/yr)
200
50
HFC-134a & HFC-152a
rate if change (ppt/yr)
240
in 2004
+5.9 ppt/yr
in 2007
+9 ppt/yr
NOAAMontzka et al., 2008
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
CO2
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
1500
1600
1700
Date (year A.D.)
1800
1900
2000
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
CO2
0.4
0.3
0.2
HFC-134a
0.1
0
2000
2100
2200
2300
Date (year A.D.)
2400
2500
100 year Integration Time Horizon
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
CO2
0.4
0.3
0.2
HFC-134a
0.1
0
2000
2100
2200
2300
Date (year A.D.)
2400
2500
Global Emissions Scenario
14
12
10
8
GtC/yr
6
4
Annex 1
Non Annex 1
2
0
1990
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
Year
Current estimates for emissions growth in
Non-Annex 1 countries are even higher
IS92 a IPCC 1992
Global Emissions for 550 PPM
Stabilization
14
12
10
8
GtC/yr
6
4
Annex 1
Non Annex 1
2
0
1990
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
Year
Stabilization is not feasible without
Non-Annex 1 countries’ participation
IPCC 1994
2050
Agenda
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1. ASHRAE Update
2. Climate Change Science
3. Climate International
4. Climate Country Specific
5. Regions/States
6. Energy Efficiency
7. Ozone Science
8. Ozone International
9. Ozone Country Programs
10. Technology Impact
Personal Responses to Climate Change
Climate Change International


August 1990
June 1992

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


March/April 1995




December 1995
July 1996




December 1997


First IPCC Assessment
Rio de Janeiro, Framework
Convention on Climate
Change
Conference of Parties (1),
Berlin
Second IPCC Assessment
Conference of Parties (II),
Geneva
Conference of Parties (III),
Kyoto
Climate Change – International

Meetings concluded 36 hours late at 6 AM, Dec 11

Durban Platform – negotiate by 2015, start 2020
Includes all major emitters (China, India, US, EU)
 Green Climate Fund (empty)
 Climate Technology Center – Feb, 2012 Germany
 HFC “enabling” Text disappeared during final day


Second phase Kyoto Protocol starting in 2013
Until 2017 or 2020
 By May 1, 2012 Developed Parties submit “ambition”


11% of total current emissions
Japan, Russia, Canada will not participate in Second
Period
 Leaves EU and EU wanabees, plus maybe New
Zealand
 Added nitrogen trifluoride to KP list

Agenda
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1. ASHRAE Update
2. Climate Change Science
3. Climate International
4. Climate Country Specific
5. Regions/States
6. Energy Efficiency
7. Ozone Science
8. Ozone International
9. Ozone Country Programs
10. Technology Impact
Personal Responses to Climate Change
EU F Gas Regulation
Key sectors – refrigeration, air-conditioning,
heat pumps, high-voltage switchgear
 Reporting


Marketing & use bans limited



Production, imports, exports
Non-refillable containers
Entered into force July 4, 2006
Containment, Labeling, EOL Recovery
Europe

Review of F-gas Regulation 842/2006
 Commission
published report end of September
w/ options
 Stakeholder consultations thru year end
 Commission proposal for F Gas Amendment
summer 2012
 Submit to Parliament Early 2013
 Expected Outcomes
 Revised regulation: implementation 2015
 Further HFC bans


Foam blowing, domestic refrigeration???
Possible overall phase-down and quota
system, 30% reduction by 2020

Base year 2005-2007?
EU Mobile A/C Directive
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1/1/11 no new model MAC > 150 GWP
1/1/17 no new MAC > 150 GWP
Tailpipe emissions separate regulation
<50 gms HFC/year Emission
Climate Change – Other Countries



Australia – new carbon tax
 18 bills introduced – lower Chamber approved 74-72
 Tax $18A/MT CO2
 HFC-134a ~$32 USD/kg
Japan new parliament has not discussed
Europe
 EU Advocate General determines EU ET can include foreign
airlines

2012 85% free, 15% auction
15.5% emissions reduction since 1990; economy grew by
41%
 Emission trading – value below $9/MT CO2e

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Peaked at almost $40/MT CO2
Adding aviation, aluminum, ammonia production
Adding nitrous oxide, PFCs
Canada

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HFC restricted to Significant New Activity Notice lists
 No restriction on HFC-134a use
 No restrictions on products containing HFCs
Mandatory reporting in 2005
Declared all GHGs CEPA Toxic
Many provinces part of WCI
Canada – 873 MMT CO2e above KP 2,792 MMT CO2e
US – 2009 emissions

Total emissions up about 7.4% since 1990




Average annual increase 0.4%
KP – 7% decrease
 Average 2008-2012
Down 2.9% in 2008, 6% down in 2009
 2009 lowest levels since 1995
Climate commitment by Pres. Obama – 17%
below 2005 in 2020
 About halfway to that goal
Congress Climate Change

President Obama conceded cap & trade is
dead
 “We
may end up having to do it in chunks, as
opposed to some sort of comprehensive omnibus
legislation.”

Republicans focused on EPA GHG Regulations
 Does
Administration offer to delay in exchange for
clean energy??

Senate has drafted HFC legal text – but not
introduced
Senate: 53 D 47 R
2012 re-election 23 D 10R
House: 197 D
242 R
US EPA – Major Activity




Published “endangerment” Final Rule Dec 7,
2009
 25,000 MT CO2e, not 250 MT hazardous
pollutant
 18 States support, 11 States against
Determined GHG subject to Clean Air Act in
January, 2011 (3/29/10)
Auto GHG standards for cars and ‘light-duty
trucks’ thru 2016 (4/1/10)
 Proposed 62 MPG in 2025
Tailoring rule (5/13/10) Air Permits
 Covers new facility 100,000 MT CO2e
emission 1/1/11
 Covers increases at existing facilities by
75,000 MT CO2e 7/1/11
US EPA – Major Activity (con’t)


GHG Reporting Rule
 25,000 MT CO2e /yr
 First reports due March 30, 2011 for
2010 calendar year
 Also covers HFCs
Power Plants GHG Reduction – July 2011
proposal, May 2012 final
 Oil Refineries – December 2011
proposal, November 2012 final
Agenda
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1. ASHRAE Update
2. Climate Change Science
3. Climate International
4. Climate Country Specific
5. Regions/States
6. Energy Efficiency
7. Ozone Science
8. Ozone International
9. Ozone Country Programs
10. Technology Impact
Personal Responses to Climate Change
State “Patch Work” Initiatives

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Western Climate Initiative – now Ca. and 4 Provinces
 California Cap & Trade rules published 10/10
 Implements 1/1/12 – 85% Ca. industrial emissions
 Lawsuit delayed compliance to 2013
 Tightening targets to 2020 (at 1990)
 Quebec trial C&T in 2012
 75 largest emitters in 2012
 fuel importers-distributors 2015
RGGI
 Auctions at Utility for Pollution
rights
 Only 18% purchased
 Sept 2011 auction
 Natural gas impact
Midwest effort appears dead
Agenda
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1. ASHRAE Update
2. Climate Change Science
3. Climate International
4. Climate Country Specific
5. Regions/States
6. Energy Efficiency
7. Ozone Science
8. Ozone International
9. Ozone Country Programs
10. Technology Impact
Personal Responses to Climate Change
US Energy in Buildings
From: Steve Selkowitz, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, 2006
US Building Energy Intensity
Trends
Residential
Commercial
Year
Households
Avg. House
Size (sq.ft)
MMBtu/
household
Floorspace
Million sq.ft
MBtu/sq.ft
1980
79.6
1746
199.0
50.9
208.2
1990
94.2
1800
180.8
64.3
207.1
2000
105.7
1963
193.8
68.5
250.2
(millions)
US Commercial Buildings Forecast
(America’s Energy Outlook 2007)
30.00
Other Uses
20.00
Office Equipment (non-PC)
Office Equipment (PC)
Refrigeration
Lighting
15.00
Cooking
Ventilation
Water Heating
Space Cooling
10.00
Space Heating
5.00
30
29
20
28
20
27
20
26
20
25
20
24
20
23
20
22
20
21
20
20
20
19
20
18
Year
20
17
20
16
20
15
20
14
20
13
20
12
20
11
20
10
20
09
20
08
20
07
20
06
20
05
20
20
04
0.00
20
Quadrillion BTUs ("Quads")
25.00
Global Primary Energy: Reference
1,600
Exajoules/Year
1,400
1,200
1,000
Non-Biomass Renewables
Nuclear
Commercial Biomass
Coal
Natural Gas
Oil
800
600
400
200
0
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100
Stabilization scenarios developed for US Climate Change Science Program
(Draft 2006) by MIT Joint Program on Science and Policy
Year
Global Primary Energy: 550 ppmv
1,600
1,400
Exajoules/Year
1,200
Coal
Gas
Oil
1,000
800
Energy Reduction from Reference
Non-Biomass Renewables Transport
Nuclear
Commercial Biomass
Buildings
Coal: w/ CCS
Coal: w/o CCS
Industry
Natural Gas: w/ CCS
Natural Gas: w/o CCS
Oil: w/ CCS
Oil: w/o CCS
Nuc
400
Biomass
200
CCS
600
0
2000
2020
2040
Year
2060
2080
2100
Stabilization scenarios developed for US Climate Change Science Program
(Draft 2006) by MIT Joint Program on Science and Policy
Agenda
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




1. ASHRAE Update
2. Climate Change Science
3. Climate International
4. Climate Country Specific
5. Regions/States
6. Energy Efficiency
7. Ozone Science
8. Ozone International
9. Ozone Country Programs
10. Technology Impact
Personal Responses to Climate Change
The Ozone Layer
Sun
Ultraviolet
Radiation
Ozone
layer
The ozone layer is a protective blanket that filters out most of the harmful ultraviolet
Radiation from the sun. The ozone layer lies in the stratosphere typically between 8 and
25 miles (13 to 40 km) above the Earth’s surface.
AFEAS
September 1993
Stratospheric Ozone
Production/Destruction
Solar
Ultraviolet
energy
O2
(molecular
Oxygen)
Solar
Ultraviolet
energy
Solar
Ultraviolet
energy
O3
Solar
Ultraviolet
energy
O2
Cl
(active
Species)
Source
gases
O
(atomic
Oxygen)
Reservoir
Components
O2
Ozone
Destruction
cycle
O3
(ozone)
ClO
Production
O2
O
Destruction (e.g., by chlorine
Cl2O2
ClO
Variability in the ozone hole
Unusual ozone hole in 2002 due to dynamical variability
Ozone Hole 2011
Ozone Hole 2011
Ozone Hole 2011
Ozone Hole 2011
Ozone Hole 2011
Ozone Hole 2011
Ozone Hole 2011
Ozone Hole 2011
Ozone Hole 2011
Ozone Hole 2011
Ozone Hole 2011
Ozone Hole 2011
Ozone Hole 2011
Ozone Hole 2011
Ozone Hole 2011
Ozone Hole 2011
Ozone Hole 2011
Ozone Hole 2011
Ozone Hole 2011
Ozone Hole 2012
Agenda
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1. ASHRAE Update
2. Climate Change Science
3. Climate International
4. Climate Country Specific
5. Regions/States
6. Energy Efficiency
7. Ozone Science
8. “Ozone” International
9. Ozone Country Programs
10. Technology Impact
Personal Responses to Climate Change
Projected HFC Growth
PNAS, 2009, Velders, et al
U.S. EPA, 2009
Historical & Projected HFC Consumption
5,000
A5
Non-A5
World
Consumption (MMTCO2eq)
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
HFC growth linked to ODS phaseout,
expanding availability of air
conditioning & refrigeration
99
Montreal Protocol
HFC Amendment





Baseline 2005-2008, GWP HFCs plus 85% GWP HCFCs
Imports/exports banned to non parties of this Amendment
20 chemicals including 2 HFOs
Discussions continue, but decision blocked by China, India,
Venezuela, Bolivia
Approved $400 M new funds for 2012-2014 – lowest in
history
Agenda
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
1. ASHRAE Update
2. Climate Change Science
3. Climate International
4. Climate Country Specific
5. Regions/States
6. Energy Efficiency
7. Ozone Science
8. Ozone International
9. Ozone Country Programs
10. Technology Impact
Personal Responses to Climate Change
US EPA-2010

HCFC-22 Product Containing Final Rule


Confusion about “dry ship” units remains
HCFC Allocation Final Rule

EPA authorized about 76% of allowed
amounts under Montreal Protocol
Declining scale instead of flat in proposed
rule
 Includes HCFC-124, HCFC-123 allocations for
first time
 Most allocations to HCFC-22 for service only

EPA – HCFC Allowances 2012-2014
HCFC-22 proposed to be allocated as follows
Year – (Metric Tons)
2012
2013
2014
Current Rule
40,700
35,900
31,100
Proposed Max
36,200
31,400
26,300
Proposed Min
25,100
20,800
16,400
-Creates transition to 2015-9 & 14,100 MT HCFC-22
-Comments due Feb 3, 2012; then Final Rule ??
-Changes based on inventory liquidation, large retail food
sector recycling, recovered-recycled amounts
Canada – HCFC’s

Canada – 1/1/10


No use, manufacture, sale, offer for
sale, import 141b, 142b, 22.
No manufacture or import product
containing 141b, 142b, 22.

Except use as refrigerant until 2015
Mexico

Implemented HCFC Allocation
Program



License=Allocation=Cap and Trade
Focus on HCFC-141b, HCFC-22
Encouraging consistency with
US/Canada
10 year delay
 Incorporate new MP requirements


First in any Developing Country
HCFC Illegal Activity

First HCFC-22 smuggling case January 2010
 Over
400,000 Kgs
 30 month prison term, $1.3 M penalty
 Several other cases pending

Second sentence in April, 2010
related to above, but further down the commerce
chain
 100,000 Kgs
 36 month prison term, fine


Third case February, 2011
Agenda
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

1. ASHRAE Update
2. Climate Change Science
3. Climate International
4. Climate Country Specific
5. Regions/States
6. Energy Efficiency
7. Ozone Science
8. Ozone International
9. Ozone Country Programs
10. Technology Impact
Personal Responses to Climate Change
Replacement of CFCs and Halons in Developed
Countries
Closed Cell Foam
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Open Cell Foam
HCFCs and
HFCs - 33%
Conservation and
non-fluorocarbon
technologies - 67%
HCFCs and
HFCs - 46%
Conservation and
non-fluorocarbon
technologies - 54%
Aerosols
Conservation and
non-fluorocarbon
technologies - 84%
Other (primarily Solvents)
Fire Protection
HCFCs and
HFCs - <3%
Non-fluorocarbon
technologies - >97%
HCFCs and
HFCs - 16%
HCFCs and
HFCs - <4%
HFCs - <5%
Conservation and
non-fluorocarbon
technologies - >96%
Conservation and
non-fluorocarbon
technologies - >95%
All Applications
HCFCs - 12%
Conservation and
non-fluorocarbon
technologies - 80%
HFCs - 8%
CCS-8
Tech & Economic Assessment Panel
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Proposed Classification for GWP

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<30
<100
<300
<1,000
<3,000
<10,000
ultra low
very low
low
moderate
high
very high
Technology Perspective

Air Conditioning - MACs
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Standardized on 134a worldwide since 1994
 Emphasis on enhanced HFC-134a
 SNAP approval of 1234yf February 24,
2011
Some discussion of 152a & HCs
Counter trend is increasing energy efficiency,
fuel cells
 Reduced waste energy
 134a inefficient in heat pumps
Focus on service practices
Technology Perspective

Air Conditioning (con’t)
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Chillers 123 about 55-75% in North America
 Less in ROW
 The rest is 134a
 Discussions about HFOs, HCs, CO2, HFO-1234yf,
HFC-32 (small)
Other Commercial
 US clear direction to 410A scroll’s up to 50 T
Residential a/c & heat pumps
 US – 410A
 Europe/Japan – 407C in heat pumps
 China/ Europe - hydrocarbons in small charge
systems
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Interest in HFOs and HFC-32
Additional lesser interest in HFO-1234yf, CO2, HC
Technology Perspective

Refrigeration


Market is fragmenting
Appliance – Europe & International
moving to HC’s
 North America/Japan using 134a,
245fa, HCs in Mexico and Japan

GE obtained approval for HCs
 Developing
Countries – HCs push
4/11/03-137
Technology Perspective

Refrigeration (continued)

Commercial Refrigeration (vending, rack, ice
machines)
 North America/Japan using 134a, 404A (ice),
507 (mostly 22 in use)
 Europe –134a dominant, some HCs/ammonia
indirect
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Some 404a in new systems
Mostly 22 in use
Mostly Northern EU initiatives in HCs, “CO2 cascade
systems in supermarkets”
Some systems in US w/ CO2 and R-404A/R-507A
primary
R-22D, 407A and R-427A considered for retrofits
Article 5 countries – mostly HCFC-22
041703-138
Technology Perspective

Refrigeration (con’t)


Industrial Refrigeration – Ammonia and HCFC22
 Some CO2,well-engineered HC systems has
been introduced
Transport Refrigeration – 404A/134a/507A
worldwide
 Recent interest in 410A
 ISO’s all 404A/134a
 Trucks 407C, but may consider 404A (capacity
greater)
Agenda
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1. ASHRAE Update
2. Climate Change Science
3. Climate International
4. Climate Country Specific
5. Regions/States
6. Energy Efficiency
7. Ozone Science
8. Ozone International
9. Ozone Country Programs
10. Technology Impact
Personal Responses to Climate Change
Driving
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Drive 10% less –walk, carpool, public
transit, in-line skate, telework
Don’t use car A/C, or use sparingly
Give up 2nd vehicle
Don’t idle – stop more than 10 seconds
(except in traffic) turn off engine
Drive at posted speed limit 62 mph to 75
mph + 20% more fuel
Cruise Control
Driving
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Block heater when temp below 32°F
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Winter fuel economy  10%
Vehicle maintenance
Tire inflation – 70% of vehicles have
one tire over/under inflated
Hybrid-electric vehicles
Remove roof racks when not in use
Home
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Install energy-efficient furnace
Caulking/weather stripping – could be 20%
of heat/ac loses
Energy Star Label – windows/sliding doors
Install storm windows – could be 25% of
heat/ac loses
Replace exterior doors
Use window blinds
Furnace maintenance every 2 years
 1o = 5% energy savings –
programmable thermostat
Seal/insulate warm air ducts
Upgrade insulation
Home
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Lower thermostat - 2°F=2%  heat bill
Shut off pilot lights
Ceiling Fans - 8¢ - $1.50/month (a/c $6$40)
Remove window a/c in winter
Florescent light bulbs – light dimmers,
occupancy sensors
Window curtains: open in winter, closed in
summer
Clean/replace a/c-heating filters
Turn off all sources of heat in summer:
lights, appliances, electrical equipment
Baking/washing/drying/ironing early
morning or evening
Appliances
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Clean refrigerator coils regularly
Energy Star
Unplug second refrigerator or freezer
Dishwasher no-heat/air dry cycle, not
hand wash
Maintain refrigerator @ 35°F, freezer @
0°F
Cloths rinse in cold, wash in warm water
Don’t overdry, hang clothes to dry
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Purchase dryer with moisture sensor
Hot water tank pre 2004, insulate
Appliances
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Purchase front load washer – 40% less
water per load
Efficient light bulbs-LED or fluorescent
Install outdoor automatic timers
Computer system with energy-saver option
 Computer running full time: $70-$100
energy per year
 Use “sleep” or “hibernate” mode
 Smart Strip Power Strip
Use as little paper as possible
Buy right size monitor
Turn off computer at night – 1/3rd left on
40% of appliance energy used when off
Lawn
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Capture/reuse rainwater
Leave grass clippings on lawn
Water early in morning
Avoid chemical use
Limit use of gas powered mowers,
tools
Pool efficiency
Plant trees
Home Water
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Low-flow showerheads
High-efficiency water heaters
Quick showers
Avoid running the tap
Insulate water pipes – (not w/i 6” of
exhaust pipe)
Turn off cottage water heater
Turn water off when shaving/brushing
teeth