Transcript Sustainable Production and Distribution of Bioenergy for the Central USA Agro-ecosystem Approach to Sustainable Biofuels Production via the Pyrolysis-Biochar Platform (USDA-NIFA AFRI CAP)

Sustainable Production and Distribution of
Bioenergy for the Central USA
Agro-ecosystem Approach to Sustainable Biofuels Production via the Pyrolysis-Biochar Platform
(USDA-NIFA AFRI CAP)
Source: EIA for history, NYMEX for future
Jan-20
Jan-18
Jan-16
Jan-14
Jan-12
Jan-10
Jan-08
Jan-06
Jan-04
Jan-02
Jan-00
Jan-98
Jan-96
Jan-94
Jan-92
Jan-90
Jan-88
Jan-86
$ per barrel
Oil140Prices
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Population
2011
2030
2050
(billion)
(billion)
(billion)
World
6.946
World
8.323
World
9.441
China
1.337
India
1.461
India
1.657
India
1.189
China
1.391
China
1.304
U.S.
0.311
U.S.
0.366
U.S.
0.423
Indonesia
0.246
Indonesia
0.289
Nigeria
0.402
Brazil
0.203
Nigeria
0.264
Indonesia
0.313
Pakistan
0.187
Pakistan
0.243
Pakistan
0.291
Nigeria
0.166
Brazil
0.240
Ethiopia
0.278
Bangladesh
0.159
Bangladesh
0.211
Brazil
0.261
Russia
0.139
Ethiopia
0.162
Bangladesh
0.250
Japan
0.127
Philippines
0.138
Philippines
0.172
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base
Liquid Fuel Usage
2007
2015
(Million Barrels Oil
Equivalent per Day)
2020
2025
2030
2035
(Percent of 2007 Value)
United States
20.6
98%
100%
102%
104%
107%
Canada
2.3
96%
96%
96%
100%
104%
Mexico
2.1
105%
110%
114%
129%
138%
Europe
15.3
92%
88%
88%
89%
90%
Japan
5.0
84%
86%
86%
84%
82%
China
7.6
132%
153%
178%
201%
222%
India
2.8
114%
129%
139%
154%
168%
Africa
3.1
113%
116%
126%
135%
148%
Central and South America
6.0
110%
112%
117%
125%
133%
World
86.1
103%
107%
113%
121%
128%
Source: Energy Information Administration
Renewable Fuels Standard
40
35
25
20
15
10
5
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
0
2009
Billion Gallons
30
Conventional Biofuels
Cellulosic Biofuels
Biodiesel
Additional Advanced Biofuels
USDA’s Initiative
Agriculture and Food Research Initiative - Sustainable Bioenergy
This AFRI Challenge Area focuses on the priority to secure America's
energy future. It supports the development of regional systems for the
sustainable production of bioenergy and biobased products that
contribute significantly to reducing dependence on foreign oil, have net
positive social, environmental, and rural economic impacts, and are
compatible with existing agricultural systems. The long-term outcome for
this program is to implement regional systems that materially deliver
liquid transportation biofuels to help meet the Energy Independence and
Security Act (EISA) of 2007 goal of 36 billion gallons/year of biofuels by
2022 and reduce the National dependence on foreign oil.
The
Grand
Vision
Target: Land Least Suitable for
Corn/Soybean Production
Sources: NRCS, Purdue University, and Iowa State University
Pyrolysis Processing
Rapid thermal decomposition of
organic compounds in the absence
of oxygen to predominately produce
liquid product known as bio-oil.
Biochar
Fast pyrolysis can be built at small
scales suitable for distributed
processing.
Co-product biochar
is produced at yields
of 12-20 wt%
biomass.
Bio-oil is refined like petroleum into synthetic
gasoline and biodiesel.
CenUSA Team
Led by ISU Agronomy professor Ken Moore
Researchers from Iowa State University, Purdue University, University of Illinois,
University of Minnesota, University of Nebraska, University of Wisconsin,
University of Vermont, Idaho National Laboratory and USDA Agricultural Research
Service offices in Wisconsin, Nebraska, Illinois, Pennsylvania, and Iowa
Feedstock Development Progress
Switchgrass
Big bluestem
Indiangrass
• Perennial grass yield trials planted at 13 locations:
Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska,
Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, and Wisconsin
Feedstock Development Progress
Switchgrass
Big bluestem
Indiangrass
• Yield trials cover:
22 switchgrasses
(7 cultivars and 15 experimental strains),
12 big bluestems
(6 cultivars and 6 experimental strains), and
12 indiangrasses
(6 cultivars and 6 experimental strains)
Sustainable Production Systems
• Seed plots established in Illinois, Iowa,
Indiana, Minnesota, and Nebraska
• Plots are far enough along to explore
nutrient, pest, and disease pressures
Feedstock Logistics
• Preliminary work on bale accumulation shows
potential for reduced fuel expenditures
System Performance
• Preliminary testing has begun with the
Environmental Policy Impact Climate
(EPIC) model to explore soil and
nutrient movement
Feedstock Conversion
• Samples have been harvested to
create baseline for energy analysis
Markets and Distribution
• Work has started to gather switchgrass
trial data from previous and ongoing
trials
• Establishment and production costs
data is being gathered to develop
decision tools and economic models
Health and Safety
• Major health and safety risks in working
with biochar have been identified
Education
• 11 undergraduate
students have
worked at CenUSA
institutions over the
past summer on
various aspects of
the project
CenUSA Intern Kirsten Paff
Extension/Outreach
• Over 3,700 people
participated in
CenUSA programs
over the past year
(thanks for joining
them this year)
• Nearly 2,500 Master Gardener volunteers
explored the impact of biochar in gardens
A Few Year 2 Targets
• Continue to build perennial grass breeding
program
• Study biomass handling and drying
• Adapt economic/environmental models to
field trial data
• Quantify biochar impact on soil quality
• Continue to assess health and safety issues
with biochar deployment
Thank you for your time and attention.
Any questions?
For more information, see
www.cenusa.iastate.edu
This project is supported by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant No. 201168005-30411 from the National Institute of Food and Agriculture.
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