United States Fire Administration Chief Officer Training Curriculum Operations Module 11: Structural Collapse Simulation Exercise Objectives United States Fire Administration Identify various resource levels, types, and capabilities used.
Download ReportTranscript United States Fire Administration Chief Officer Training Curriculum Operations Module 11: Structural Collapse Simulation Exercise Objectives United States Fire Administration Identify various resource levels, types, and capabilities used.
United States Fire Administration Chief Officer Training Curriculum Operations Module 11: Structural Collapse Simulation Exercise Objectives United States Fire Administration Identify various resource levels, types, and capabilities used for structural collapse incidents Determine types and levels of structural collapse risks Determine levels of capability for a structural collapse incident Establish incident objectives Ops 11-2 Objectives (continued) United States Fire Administration Determine strategies Select tactics Identify and request resources Establish an appropriate ICS organization to manage a structural collapse incident Ops 11-3 Overview United States Fire Administration Basic knowledge of factors involved in a structural collapse incident Appreciation for the complexity of structural collapse incidents Practice of command skills required to manage structural collapse incidents Appreciation for the need for effective Ops 11-4 incident management Collapse Caused by Fire United States Fire Administration Ops 11-5 Localized or catastrophic Life hazard to: – Firefighters – Civilians Operations may have to continue – Firefighting strategy may or may not have to change – Collateral damage to rigs, exposures, fire extension – Water from firefighting adding weight Localized Collapse United States Fire Administration Localized collapse – Minor—part of a ceiling assembly – Substantial—a roof, ceiling or floor assembly Catastrophic collapse – Fire damage causes structural members to fail – Heating of structural members leads to collapse – Explosions or backdrafts damage structural elements Ops 11-6 Vehicle Accidents United States Fire Administration Structural damage usually localized – Can involve bearing walls or supports – Hazards of other weakened building components – Damage to building utilities – May cause fire Victims Extrication problems Ops 11-7 Building Alterations United States Fire Administration Approved alterations (permit posted) – Alterations done with approved plans but done incorrectly – Pre-existing but unknown weaknesses “Owner approved” alterations – Alterations done without permits – Structural members removed – Bearing walls removed Ops 11-8 Demolition Natural Hazards United States Fire Administration Earthquake Wind – Tornadoes – Hurricanes or typhoons – Trees down into building Precipitation – Rain – Snow Ops 11-9 Low Probability/High Risk United States Fire Administration Complex rescues Dangerous rescues Time-critical situations Interaction of different levels of rescue capability Ops 11-10 Rescuer Hazards United States Fire Administration Potential threats include: Physical Medical Environmental External Psychological Ops 11-11 Unsafe Conditions United States Fire Administration Unstable building/secondary collapse Confined space Flammable or toxic hazard Oxygen-deficient atmosphere Ignition source Sharp, unstable, or irregular surface Ops 11-12 Safety Considerations United States Fire Administration Preplanning and training Use of ICS Establishment of a Safety Officer, safety plan, and Rapid Intervention Crew Use of a personnel accountability system Require appropriate protective clothing and equipment Ops 11-13 Response Operations United States Fire Administration Search for live victims Rescue live victims—realize time a critical factor for survival Consider risk/benefit factors – Structural stability/instability Consider safety factors Continue firefighting operations Ops 11-14 Recovery Operations United States Fire Administration Remove deceased victims and personal property Realize time is not critical Use additional safety precautions (when possible) Use critical incident stress management Work with law enforcement and coroner in investigation and recovery operations Ops 11-15 Stabilize and secure the site Levels of Capability/Resources United States Fire Administration Local fire department FEMA National US&R Task Forces Spontaneous volunteers Other agencies Ops 11-16 Private Sector Resources Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) Private Sector Resources Search Dogs and Handlers Private Sector Resources Private Contractors Private Sector Resources Structural Engineers Private Sector Resources Industry Teams US&R Resource Types United States Fire Administration US&R Task Force Type I (Heavy)—concrete, steel, confined space Type II (Medium)—heavy timber, masonry Type III (Light)—basic rope rescue Type IV (Basic)—surface rescue Ops 11-22 US&R Task Force Type 1: Heavy Rescue Company—Heavy Rescue Capability Type 2: Truck Company—Medium Rescue Capability Type 3: Engine Company—Light Rescue Capability Coordinating with Other Agencies United States Fire Administration The incident (IC and agency Ops 11-27 representative(s)) Department dispatch center or department operating center Local Emergency Operations Center (EOC) County EOC State multi-agency coordination system and EOC Federal coordinating system City level (mayor) Operational Considerations United States Fire Administration Time Location Occupancy (hazards, type, multiple) Height and area (six sides) Size of collapse area and structural hazards Fire and hazardous materials problems Ops 11-33 Operational Considerations (continued) United States Fire Administration Exposures Utilities (gas, water, electricity) Weather Victims Traffic Rail Ops 11-34 Operational Considerations (continued) United States Fire Administration Personnel Incident command Communications Medical Safety Special equipment Ops 11-35 Operational Considerations (continued) United States Fire Administration Construction equipment Shoring materials Information updates Staging areas Responder rest, recovery, and relief Secondary collapse Ops 11-36 Life Safety and Personnel Considerations United States Fire Administration Collapse hazards: – Structural failure – Nonstructural failure – Nonstructural damage – Environmental conditions “Low occurrence/high-risk incidents injure and kill firefighters.” Ops 11-37 Personnel Accountability United States Fire Administration IC must ensure an accountability system in place early during initial response Accurate information must be provided on assignments and locations of: – Companies – Crews – Personnel Ops 11-38 Scene Safety United States Fire Administration Provide leadership and organization Obtain accurate information and develop plan Make safety top priority Assign ISO and Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC) Provide appropriate protective measures and safety equipment Ops 11-39 Scene Safety (continued) United States Fire Administration Rotate crews and provide rehabilitation Plan for contingencies Monitor, isolate, confine, contain, and mitigate hazards Communicate and use chain of command Hold periodic briefings Ops 11-40 Plan for injuries and stress management Question ... United States Fire Administration “What actions should the IC take when managing the scene of a structural collapse?” Ops 11-41 Initial Response United States Fire Administration Incident Commander Ops 11-42 Engine 1 Engine 2 Truck 1 Task Task Task Law Enforcement Expanded Response United States Fire Administration Incident Commander Staging RIC Division A Information Officer Law Group Task Force 1 (Rescue) Task Force 2 (Rescue) Law Enforcement (Scene) Engine Strike Team (Support) US&R Strike Team (Rescue) Law Enforcement (Scene) Ambulance (Medical) Engine (Search) Ambulance (Medical) Ambulance (Medical) US&R Strike Team (Search Ops 11-43 Division B Safety Officer Law Enforcement (Traffic) Law Enforcement (Traffic) Public Works Debris Removal Detailed IAP United States Fire Administration Developed for each operational period Ops 11-44 Essential elements include: – Specific detailed objectives – Tactics (to meet objectives) – Resource assignments – Incident organization – Maps – Plans for communications, medical, safety, and traffic Operational Periods United States Fire Administration Planned time periods needed to achieve objectives May require shorter operational periods due to rapidly changing incidents Ops 11-45 Logistical Support United States Fire Administration Long-term needs: Lighting Large food/water supply Major equipment, repair, supply function Special equipment acquisitions Other support functions (specific to a structural collapse incident) Ops 11-46 Incident Facilities United States Fire Administration Multiple staging areas Large base for personnel and equipment support Supply and equipment distribution system Expanded Incident Command Post (ICP) Larger triage and treatment areas Morgue Decontamination area Ops 11-47 Incident Command Fire Law Enforcement Information Liaison Safety Operations Section Planning Section Logistics Section Finance/ Administration Section Staging Air Operations RIC Search & Rescue Branch Law Enforcement Branch Division A Scene Security Group Division B Traffic Control Group Fire Suppression Group US&R Group #1 US&R Group #2 Evacuation Group Public Works Branch Multicasualty Branch Heavy Equipment Group Medical Group Public Utilities Patient Transportation Group Debris Removal Exposure Branch Office Division Restaurant Division Recon Group Situation Status Communication Unit Time Unit Resource Status Unit Medical Unit Procurement Unit Documentation Unit Food Unit Victim Locator Unit US&R Technical Specialist Extended ICS Organization United States Fire Administration During a multibranch response: The IC assigns Logistics and Finance/ Administration Chiefs Operations has established five branches Planning, Logistics, and Finance/ Administration have several operational units Ops 11-49 Interaction with EOC United States Fire Administration Activated to support response agencies and coordinate multi-agency operations Local government EOCs are central point for coordination within and outside jurisdiction Field level coordination may go through dispatch Ops 11-50 Interaction with EOC (continued) United States Fire Administration May be managed using five primary ICS functions IC normally interacts with EOC OSC ICS section chiefs may interact directly with EOC section chiefs Ops 11-51 United States Fire Administration Activity 11.1: Structural Collapse: Large Tree Down into an Apartment Building Ops 11-52 Module Summary United States Fire Administration Perform risk-hazard analysis to determine resource requirements Perform scene assessment to develop response plan Expand response as incident grows Ops 11-53