PERFORMING A NEEDS ASSESSMENT AND THE PREVENTION PLANNING PROCESS LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe the basic steps in planning a prevention program Describe process in performing a.
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Transcript PERFORMING A NEEDS ASSESSMENT AND THE PREVENTION PLANNING PROCESS LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe the basic steps in planning a prevention program Describe process in performing a.
PERFORMING A NEEDS
ASSESSMENT AND THE
PREVENTION PLANNING
PROCESS
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Describe the basic steps in planning a
prevention program
Describe process in performing a needs
assessment
Identify steps in performing a needs
assessment interview
Devise a prevention plan
Prepare an implementation plan
List steps for evaluating and revising plan
PLANNING PROCESS
Performing a needs assessment
Charting a plan
– Goals
– Objectives
– Resources
Implementation
Evaluation
Program revision
As a DDRPM, ADAPT, etc you are a
Change Agent!
PREREQUISITE TO SERVING
AS A CHANGE AGENT
Understanding of the community
Sensitivity to the community
OTHER CHANGE AGENTS
Resource individuals from the community
who are:
Involved in community affairs
Valuable contributors in preventing
illegal drug use
WHAT IS A COMMUNITY?
Squadron
A place where you share common public services
A residential area (housing)
STEPS IN PERFORMING A
NEEDS ASSESSMENT
Gather information
Make rational decisions
Write reports
Brief reports
DATA
Reports
Demographics
Social
Economic
Leadership
Health and well-being
Values
Communications
DATA
Reports
DOD Survey of Health Related Behaviors
Statistics from your local installation
Rates of substance abuse in the local civilian
community (hospitals, schools, mental health
agencies)
Law enforcement
Urinalysis
Others?
DATA
Demographics
Who lives in the military community?
What are the ages, back grounds,
grade and gender?
– Are there many single-parent
families? Single people?
DATA
Social
Where do people get to know each other and
interact socially?
What are the accepted social activities in your
community?
How do newcomers meet people?
Which groups are active?
DATA
Economic
– Where do people spend their money?
What off-duty opportunities are there for
people?
DATA
Leadership
Who are the formal and informal leaders?
Which are the influential groups?
Who are the people who know what’s going
on in the community?
Who are the people who are popular, or
listened to by others?
DATA
Health and well-being
What are the major health resources?
Are there plenty of things to do for all age
groups and interests?
Are people active?
What are the health concerns of the
community?
DATA
Values
Are there any “community” beliefs that seem to
affect decision-making?
How unified or diverse are people’s values?
What is the “community spirit” and how is it
expressed?
DATA
Communications
How is information spread?
What are the mass media outlets?
What are the common informal means of
spreading information?
How accurate is communication?
NEEDS ASSESSMENT
Once you know the community
you are dealing with, you need
to develop a plan that focuses on
the concerns and required
changes
NEEDS ASSESSMENT
These questions should help you with your
needs assessment
What illegal drugs are being used?
What other programs exist?
What are the media vehicles?
What resources exist within the
community?
APPROACHES
Community forums and hearings
Case studies
Service provider surveys
Target population surveys
Social indicators
Interviews
Observation
TOOLS FOR COLLECTING
DATA
Questionnaire
Sample
Existing surveys
Interview with key people
RESEARCH OTHER
PROGRAMS
Avoid duplicating the work of others
Discover opportunities for working with
other groups (IDS)
Ensure that your efforts complement what is
already done
PLACES TO CONTACT
Local and state agencies
Civic and youth groups
On base activities
Federal Agencies
NEEDS ASSESSMENT
Helps you identify who is to receive the
services
What kind of services are needed
What expertise you will need to provide the
services
NEEDS ASSESSMENT
Helps you determine what focus your
prevention program should take
Informs you what key groups in your
community perceive their needs to be
NEEDS ASSESSMENT
The results of a needs assessment will form
the basis for your program goals and
objectives
REVIEW!!
Assessing for:
– Prevention needs of your community
– Who can best provide for those needs
LONG TERM GOALS:
Decrease drug related incidents
Lower substance abuse indicators (DUIs,
Treatment admissions)
Be an essential part of your unit’s mission
readiness program
– What kills more of our military
personnel? Is it beer or bullets?
METHODOLOGIES:
There are a variety of effective ways to
conduct a needs assessment
You need to weigh the pros and cons of
each
METHODOLOGIES:
Three main methods
– Observation
– Social indicators
– Interviews
1 OBSERVATION:
This approach allows you to come to your
own conclusion as to what may be needed
by direct observation
USE WHEN:
First hand experience is required
Units may not be able to relate directly to
needed intervention (need may have
become too much of a norm)
USE WHEN:
Sufficient time is available to make reliable
observation
MAJOR STEPS IN OBSERVATION:
Identify site
Gain access to observe
Take overt or covert
role of observer
MAJOR STEPS:
Establish trust and rapport
Record observation
Analyze and compare observation with
other documentation
MAJOR STEPS:
Write report summarizing observation and
conclusions
– I don’t have time to write the report! Lets
discuss this
ADVANTAGES:
Provides information on problems or
service needs which may not be widely
recognized
Assessment based on professional judgment
Simple and inexpensive
Builds CREDIBILITY
ADVANTAGES:
Validates information from other sources
DISADVANTAGES:
Problems identified may be biased by the
observer
Data may reflect needs of those being
observed and not indicative of the
community as a whole
DISADVANTAGES:
Needs identified may reflect the interest of
the observer
2 SOCIAL INDICATORS:
This approach is based on descriptive data
drawn from records and reports (Security
Forces, SJA, urinalysis, World Wide survey,
etc)
USE WHEN:
Reliable data pool is already available
Foundation information is needed to build
on
Verifying identified needs from other
sources
Man-hours are limited
MAJOR STEPS:
Determine information to be gathered
Determine existing data on which
information could be interpreted
Collect data at regular intervals
MAJOR STEPS:
Examine for trends at regular intervals
Compile results and summarize
ADVANTAGES:
Vast existing data pool
Low cost
Design flexibility
Foundation on which to verify other needs
assessment surveys
DISADVANTAGES:
National data may not be indicative of local
trends
Data is only as good as the provider
Bias or incorrect inferences can be
introduced
3 INTERVIEWS:
This approach allows you to direct the
assessment at key personnel which may
provide insight into the scope of the
situation or problem
USE WHEN:
It is necessary to make direct contact
Necessary to build and maintain rapport
Direct feedback is needed
USE WHEN:
Supplemental information is needed
Facilitating understanding
Get command support
INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES
Express a knowledge of the interviewee and the
organization
Use open-ended problem solving questions
Discuss the purpose of the interview
Encourage the interviewee to talk with body
language
Take notes
Offer to answer any further questions
Review, summarize and express appreciation
MAJOR STEPS:
Specify focus of interview
Establish time frame and identify
interviewer/ees
Analyze and evaluate interview as soon as
possible (strong and weak points,
improvements)
MAJOR STEPS:
Compile information from interviews using
categories as appropriate
Write summary
ADVANTAGES:
Simple and inexpensive
Input from distinct sources
Identifies level of support/resistance from
key personnel
ADVANTAGES:
Identifies key elements and issues of
importance
Provides an idea of where your program
stands
DISADVANTAGES:
Identification of problems may be biased
May exclude personnel whose input should
be included
DISADVANTAGES:
May exclude portions of
command/community that are not provided
an opportunity for input
SUMMARY SLIDE
By accurately assessing the needs of all
involved you can be assured that the goals
and objectives of your program will be
embraced and contribute to the overall
readiness of your community
SUMMARY SLIDE
You are now ready to use the information
compiled to form the goals and objectives
of your prevention program
EXERCISE:
ASSESS FOR PREVENTION NEEDS
using social indicators,world wide survey
EXERCISE:
ASSESS FOR the PREVENTION NEEDS
of your community using your social
indicators
Present findings
– HOW
– WHY
SEVEN MAJOR STRATEGIES
Information Dissemination
Deterrence Activities
Education
Alternative Activities
Problem Identification & Referral
Community-Based Change Initiatives
Environmental Approaches
SETTING GOALS
DEVELOPMENT OF
OBJECTIVES
Definition of a goal
- An ultimate outcome of a long period
of activity
- Guide for the general direction for the
work to be performed
DEVELOPMENT OF GOALS
Key Question
What do we want to achieve through
prevention activities?
WORLD WIDE SURVEY
EXERCISE
Goal
Priority
Target Date
A Plan of Action and Milestones (POA&M)
will be provided on disk
USE THE FOLLOWING STEPS
– Assign the task to a small number of
individuals who are familiar with the needs
assessment
– Analyze the needs assessment point-by-point,
drafting a goal statement for each identified
problem area
– Draft a brief justification for each goal on the
basis of the information collected
– Submit a draft of the goal statements to other
interested members of the community for
review, comment, and possible revision
DEVELOPMENT OF GOALS
Final result
Final set of goals based on community
consensus and the best available research
TASK
Establish goals that accurately reflect potential
solutions to the problems found during the
needs assessment
SETTING OBJECTIVES
DEVELOPMENT OF
OBJECTIVES
Definition of an objective:
- A specific accomplishment to be
achieved during a given period of time
- An aid to attaining the goal by
translating a general purpose into a
series of specific manageable steps
- An aid in determining the resources
necessary to achieve the overall goal
DEVELOPMENT OF
OBJECTIVES
Key Question
What quantifiable results can be achieved
in the near future?
SETTING OBJECTIVES
Begin with a high priority prevention
goal
List all of DESIRED results
– Select those results which can be achieved in
the first three months (short term)
– Select those results which can be achieved in
the first year (long term)
OBJECTIVE CHECKLIST
Does the objective specify a single quantifiable result?
Are there ways to determine whether the quantifiable
result is met?
Does achievement of the objective contribute to meeting
the goal?
Can the objective be achieved within the time allotted?
Is the objective achievable given the resources
available?
DEVELOPMNET OF
OBJECTIVES
Final result
Reasonable timetable of planned
accomplishments
EVALUATION
WHAT IS EVALUATION:
Evaluation is the systematic collection and
analysis of data needed to make decisions, a
process in which most well-run programs
engage from the outset
PURPOSE OF EVALUATION:
Evaluation is useful and needed to
determine the strengths and weaknesses of
the various areas that determine your total
program
EVALUATION ACTIVITIES:
Pinpointing
the services needed- for
example finding out what knowledge,
skills, attitudes, or problem behavior a
prevention program should address
EVALUATION ACTIVITIES:
Establishing
program objectives
Finding out what specific knowledge, skills,
or attitudinal change will be required to
meet the identified need
EVALUATION ACTIVITIES:
Deciding
evidence that will demonstrate
the objectives have been met Clear,
realistic, and measurable evidence and
objectives are needed
EVALUATION ACTIVITIES:
Developing
or selecting from
alternative program approaches- don't
re-invent the wheel, look at proven
curricula and determine what parts best
achieve your goals (use Dr. Cambridge!)
EVALUATION ACTIVITIES:
Tracking
objectives-set up a system that
will clearly show particulars - who got the
service, how, when service delivered, how
rated or adopted by those involved
EVALUATION ACTIVITIES:
Trying
out and assessing new program
designs - Evaluation is on going Changes
in target group, theories, findings,
implementation are always occurring- Be
prepared
Dimensions of Evaluation:
The different dimensions of evaluation
have formal names: formative, process,
outcome, and impact evaluation
These dimensions build on each other
DEFININTIONS OF
DIMENSIONS:
Formative Evaluation (Planning)
Designed to assess the strengths and
weaknesses or campaign strategies before
implementation
DEFININTIONS OF
DIMENSIONS:
Process Evaluation:
(Design method/means to be measured MOE) - examines the procedures and tasks
involved in implementing a program
DEFININTIONS OF
DIMENSIONS:
Outcome Evaluation (Short Term Results)
Used to obtain descriptive data on a
project and to document short-term results
DEFININTIONS OF
DIMENSIONS:
Impact Evaluation (Effects)
Focuses on the long-range results of the
program and changes or improvements in the
health status
EVALUATION KEYS:
Evaluation should be positive and purposeful
Evaluation is useful to your program
Do it from day one
Listen and record the process
USE EVALUATION TO
DETERMINE:
The
value of learning experiences, past and
present
The value of learning tools and the way in
which they have been used or are being used
USE EVALUATION TO
DETERMINE:
The
effectiveness of program planning,
organization, and implementation
The rate at which change is taking place
The quality of learning
USE EVALUATION TO
DETERMINE:
The
consequence of the differences between
the actual process and what was planned
The changes that must be made to improve
the program
IDEAL SEQUENCE OF
EVENTS:
Needs Assessment-identify
problems and
needs of the community
Policy development-develop priorities and
objectives for meeting the identified needs
IDEAL SEQUENCE OF
EVENTS:
Program
design-develop program to achieve
priorities and objectives
Program implementation-Conduct planned
activities
IDEAL SEQUENCE OF
EVENTS:
Program
evaluation-was the program
implemented as planned? Did it have the
intended effects?
IDEAL SEQUENCE OF
EVENTS :
Program
improvement-revise and refine
program based on evaluation results
MYSTERIOUS?
Program
evaluation is not mysterious We do
it every day We just do not view it as such
GROUP EXERCISE
Goal
Priority
Objective
Target Date
Target Date
Strategy
SEVEN MAJOR STRATEGIES
FOR SUBSTANCE ABUSE
PREVENION:
Information Dissemination
Education
Deterrence Activities
Alternative Activities
Problem Identification & Referral
Community-Based Change Initiatives
Environmental Approaches
IMPLEMENTATION
Key question
– What procedures will keep the program on
track?
IMPLEMENTATION
Murphy’s law
– Everything that can go wrong will go wrong
EVALUATION
Functions
- Verify
- Document
- Quantify
PROGRAM REVISION
Key question
What changes are needed to improve the
program?
PROMGRAM REVISION
Final result
Plan charting new program directions
FIVE STEP PROCESS
Perform a needs assessment
Chart a plan
Implement
Evaluate
Revise
POINTS OF CONTACT AT
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