International Harmonized Research Activities: Intelligent Transport Systems Y. Ian Noy, Ph.D., P.Eng., CPE Ergonomics Division Road Safety and Motor Vehicle Regulation Directorate Transport Canada 330 Sparks St..,
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Transcript International Harmonized Research Activities: Intelligent Transport Systems Y. Ian Noy, Ph.D., P.Eng., CPE Ergonomics Division Road Safety and Motor Vehicle Regulation Directorate Transport Canada 330 Sparks St..,
International Harmonized
Research Activities:
Intelligent Transport Systems
Y. Ian Noy, Ph.D., P.Eng., CPE
Ergonomics Division
Road Safety and Motor Vehicle Regulation Directorate
Transport Canada
330 Sparks St.., Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0N5
Tel: (613) 998-2268 Fax: (613) 998-4831 [email protected]
Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
IHRA-ITS
Intelligent Transport Systems
Positioning & tracking
Digital maps
Communication links
Microprocessors
Image processors
Information databases
Traffic management
Traffic monitoring
Smart cards
Automated aids
Transportation objectives
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•
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Reduce congestion
Improve safety
Increase efficiency
Improve comfort
Improve transit
services
• Reduce fuel
consumption
• Reduce emissions
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
Levels of Automation
Information
Warning
IHRA-ITS
Driver assistance (active pedal)
Partial control of vehicle
functions (steering, stop&go)
Complete control of vehicle
(AHS)
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
IHRA-ITS
Rationalizing Automation
Each level has unique safety
issues
Each level must coexist with
other levels
Progression from one level to
next is not incremental
– it represents a radical change
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
IHRA-ITS
Vehicle-based Driver Assistance and
Crash Avoidance Systems
Vision enhancement & visual range warning
Intelligent speed adaptation
Adaptive cruise control
Collision warning (e.g., lane departure, rear-end,
lane change, intersection)
Fatigue/impairment warning
Pavement monitoring and friction warning
Vehicle Stability Warning and Assistance
Emergency reporting and response
Backing and merging aids
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
ITS: Safety Impact Framework
Geveva
November 2001
IHRA-ITS
Positive
Negative
Direct
+
-
Indirect
+
-
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
IHRA-ITS
Direct Safety Benefits
Positive
Negative
Direct
+
-
Indirect
+
-
Reduction of crash risk through
• on-board CA systems
• road-side CA systems
• tolerance for driver/system errors
Mitigation of crash consequences
through improved emergency response
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
IHRA-ITS
Indirect Safety Benefits
Positive
Negative
Direct
+
-
Indirect
+
-
Reduced exposure (optimized routes and trip
lengths, and greater choice of mode)
Reduced exposure to unauthorized use
(elicense)
Reduced traffic variance and conflicts
(through better traffic management and
improved interaction between driver and other
road users)
Reduced driver stress and fatigue
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
Direct Safety Risks
Positive
Negative
Direct
+
-
Indirect
+
-
Driver distraction
Driver overload
Driver confusion
IHRA-ITS
Reduced situation awareness
Lack of trust/acceptance due to false or
nuisance alarms
Increased discomfort, stress
Command effect
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
Indirect Safety Risks
Positive
Negative
Direct
+
-
Indirect
+
-
Behavioural adaptation
Increased travel (pleasurable)
Loss of skill & negative transfer
IHRA-ITS
Violation of expectation (by non-users)
Collision migration (MV to SV, to other
users, etc.)
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
ITS Safety, or IS IT?
IHRA-ITS
ITS technology is safety neutral Its implementation is safety critical
Driving Task
ITS
Safety impact depends largely on the
extent to which the system supports
users’ needs, and is compatible with
human capabilities and limitations
+
Collisions
-
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Government’s Role
Geveva
November 2001
Discourage technologies/implementations
IHRA-ITS
that are likely to have an adverse effect on
safety
Encourage implementation of
technologies that are likely to have safety
benefits
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
IHRA-ITS
Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV):
International Harmonized Research Activities
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•
•
•
•
•
•
Australia
Canada
France
Germany
Hungary
Italy
Japan
•
•
•
•
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•
•
the Netherlands
Poland
Sweden
U.K.
U.S.A.
EC
EESV
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
ESV: IHRA Working Groups
Intelligent Transport Systems
Advanced Offset Frontal Crash Protection
IHRA-ITS
Pedestrian Safety
Biomechanics
Vehicle Compatibility
Side Impact
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
IHRA-ITS
IHRA-ITS : Objectives
to coordinate international policy-oriented
research to minimize the potential adverse
consequences of on-board ITS technologies.
to develop procedures for the evaluation of
safety of in-vehicle information, control and
communication systems.
to provide an international view of the state of
research into understanding the safety impact
of driver workload and distraction.
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
Aspects of System Safety
1. System Reliability
•
IHRA-ITS
Reliability of hardware and software, the propensity for
malfunction and the potential to go into a dangerous and/or
unanticipated safety mode.
2. Human Machine Interaction (HMI)
•
Key issues are function allocation, the design of interface,
definition of dialogue between the user and the system.
3. Overall Traffic System
•
The aggregate effect on the traffic system as a whole.
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
Scope
includes original and aftermarket on-
board information, control and
communication systems, including
IHRA-ITS
• telematics
• driver assistance systems, and
• collision warning and avoidance systems
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
Summary of Activities
Conceptual Framework
Workshops
IHRA-ITS
Survey of current research
Priority Projects
For further information visit
http://199.79.179.92/ITS/ITS.html
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
Priority Projects
1. Development of a harmonized safety evaluation
2.
IHRA-ITS
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
methodology framework
Driver understanding and expectation of ITS
systems
Human factors principles checklist
Normative data on naturalistic driving behavior
Simulator reference test scenarios
Improved secondary task methodology for
evaluating safety effects of driver workload
Harmonization and validation of surrogate safety
measures
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
Importance of ITS Safety
Research
Expands ESV’s role into crash avoidance
Elaborates the role of governments with
IHRA-ITS
respect to ITS safety
ITS safety is currently unregulated;
therefore, there is a reasonable prospect
for harmonized policies based on shared
scientific understanding of the issues
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
Key Challenges for Government
Traditional policy paradigms not
suitable:
IHRA-ITS
• Design cycle shorter than policy cycle
• Technology is diversifying rapidly
• Science lags technology
Integration by consumer, not industry
Jurisdictional boundaries no longer valid
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
IHRA-ITS
IHRA-WP.29 Liaison
IHRA research focus
• Summarize state of knowledge
• Coordinate joint research
• Develop test procedures
WP.29 to identify regulatory needs and
priorities. IHRA to coordinate the
regulatory development research to
support WP.29 work program
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
IHRA-ITS
Recommendations vis WP.29
coordinate with WP.1 and WP.15 on ITS-
related matters (ISA)
Develop strategy for global regulation
development for on-board ITS
• ST – coordinate among existing GR’s, lead?
• LT – create new GR
utilize IHRA-ITS WG as Informal Group
for ITS-related matters
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
IHRA-ITS
Possible Short Term Plan
GRRF – Collision avoidance, driver
assistance (ACC, ESP), ISA
GRE/GRRF?– Reliability (Annex 18)
GRE/GRSG? – Collision and drowsiness
warning, vision enhancement,
maneuvering aids
GRSG – Telematics, navigation
GRSP – Collision mitigation?
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada