Transcript Expanding the Open Agenda: From Open Access to Open Education to Open Policy Dr.

Expanding the Open Agenda:
From Open Access
to Open Education
to Open Policy
Dr. Cable Green
Director of Global Learning
[email protected]
@cgreen
Please attribute Creative Commons with a link to
creativecommons.org
CC BY
Children Reading Pratham Books and Akshara By Ryan Lobo http://www.flickr.com/photos/prathambooks/3291
• “Open Access” is the free,
immediate, online access to the
results of research, coupled with
the right to use those results in
new and innovative ways. SPARC
http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2012/ju
n/28/wellcome-trust-scientists-open-access
Public access to
publicly funded
research.
a public good built from private goods
we share voluntarily … with standard
legal and technical tools
we build the Commons together
because it will improve our lives
- John Wilbanks
A simple, standardized
way to grant copyright
permissions to your
creative work.
“Some rights reserved”
Step 1: Choose Conditions
Attribution
ShareAlike
NonCommercial
NoDerivatives
Step 2: Receive a License
CC0 public
domain dedication
Public Domain
Mark
most free
least free
“human readable” deed
“lawyer readable” license
<span xmlns:cc=“http://creativecommons.org/ns#”
xmlns:dc=http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/”>
<span rel="dc:type"
href="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text"
property="dc:title">My Photo</span> by
<a rel="cc:attributionURL"
property="cc:attributionName"
href="http://joi.ito.com/my_photo">Joi Ito</a>
is licensed under a
<a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"
>Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License</a>.
<span rel="dc:source"
href="http://fredbenenson.com/photo/”>
Permissions beyond the scope of this license may
be available at <a rel="cc:morePermissions"
href="http://ozmo.com/revenue_sharing_agreement">O
ZMO</a>.
</span></span>
“machine readable” metadata
Updated #s (and growing fast)
Over 550 million items
Culture
Science
Government
Education
More
175+ Million CC Licensed Photos on Flickr
2
Higher Ed
Open Educational Resources (OER)
Education grant making
Search & Discovery
Translations & Accessibility
Customization & Affordability
Creative Commons: the
Legal Tubes for Open
Research & Open Data
Timothy Vollmer, Creative Commons
Open Access Week at UC-Davis
REMIX!
“© 2012 <Author> et al. This is an Open Access
article distributed under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which
permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, provided the original
work is properly cited. Data included in this article,
its reference list(s) and its additional files, are
distributed under the terms of the Creative
Commons Public Domain Dedication
waiverhttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zer
o/1.0
Discussion of CC BY (article) and CC0 (data) solutions by
4.0
• 2. On licensing and reuse
• 2.1. We recommend CC-BY or an equivalent
license as the optimal license for the
publication, distribution, use, and reuse of
scholarly work.
• OA repositories typically depend on
permissions from others, such as authors or
publishers, and are rarely in a position to
require open licenses. However, policy
makers in a position to direct deposits into
repositories should require open licenses,
preferably CC-BY, when they can.
• OA journals are always in a position to
•
require open licenses, yet most of them do
not yet take advantage of the opportunity.
We recommend CC-BY for all OA journals.
In developing strategy and setting priorities,
we recognize that gratis access is better
than priced access, libre access is better
than gratis access, and libre under CC-BY or
the equivalent is better than libre under
more restrictive open licenses.
• 3.5. Universities and funding agencies
should help authors pay reasonable
publication fees at fee-based OA journals,
and find comparable ways to support or
subsidize no-fee OA journals.
• In both cases, they should require libre OA
under open licenses, preferably CC-BY
licenses or the equivalent, as a condition of
their financial support.
Photo credits
•
•
•
•
•
•
Stig Nygaard http://www.flickr.com/photos/stignygaard/3138001676/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
Document designed by Maria Varagilal from The Noun Project - cc
by 3.0 - http://thenounproject.com/noun/document/#icon-No4769
database - Database designed by Dmitry Baranovskiy from The
Noun Projecthttp://thenounproject.com/noun/database/#iconNo4995
tree - http://www.flickr.com/photos/mukluk/241256203/ - user Dano
CC by 2.0
server room - http://www.flickr.com/photos/traftery/4773457853/ tom raftery - cc by 2.0
share icon is pd using cc0
“Nearly one-third of the world’s
population (29.3%) is under
15. Today there are 158 million
people enrolled in tertiary
education1. Projections
suggest that that participation
will peak at 263 million2 in
2025. Accommodating the
additional 105 million students
would require more than four
major universities (30,000
students) to open every week
By: COL
for the next fifteen years.
1 ISCED levels 5 & 6 UNESCO Institute of Statistics figures
2 British
Council and IDP Australia projections
http://www.col.org/SiteCollectio
s/JohnDaniel_2008_3x5.jpg
CC BY-NC-ND
Dreaming Girls Head By: Elfleda http://www.flickr.com/photos/carolinespics/1531
http://www.capetowndeclaration.org
OER are teaching, learning,
and research materials in any
medium that reside in the
public domain or have been
released under an open
license that permits their free
use and re-purposing by
others.
Rivalrous vs. Non-Rivalrous
Resources
vs
.
CC NC-ND
By darty28
Cost of “Copy”
For one 250 page book:
• Copy by hand - $1,000
• Copy by print on demand - $4.90
• Copy by computer - $0.00084
CC BY: David Wiley, BYU
Cost of “Distribute”
For one 250 page book:
• Distribute by mail - $5.20
• $0 with print-on-demand (2000+ copies)
• Distribute by internet - $0.00072
CC BY: David Wiley, BYU
Copy and Distribute are “Free”
This changes everything
CC BY: David Wiley, BYU
Movies, TV Shows, Songs, and
Textbooks
Movies and TV Shows:
• Amazon Prime – $6.59/month
($79/year) for access to 10,000 movies
and TV shows
• Netflix – $7.99/month for access to
20,000 movies and TV shows
• Hulu Plus – $7.99/month for access to
45,000 movies and TV shows
CC BY: David Wiley: http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/2348
Movies, TV Shows, Songs, and
Textbooks
Music:
• Spotify – $9.99/month for access to 15
million songs
• Rhapsody – $14.99/month for access
to 14 million songs
CC BY: David Wiley: http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/2348
Textbooks:
• CourseSmart (“world’s largest provider of
digital course materials,” sells digital
access to other publishers’ textbooks)
- $20.25/month ($121.49/180 days) for
access to one biology textbook
- $18.25/month ($109.49/180 days) for
access to one world history textbook
- $18.49/month ($110.99/180 days) for
access to one algebra book
CC BY: David Wiley: http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/2348
CC BY ND / Delta Initiative / http://tinyurl.com/bw3ztnt
Online, on demand access to one
textbook (~$19/month) costs more than
online, on demand access to every
major movie, TV show, and song
produced in the US in recent memory
($7.99 + $9.99 = $17.98/month).
One textbook costs more than the
entire output of the film, television, and
music industries combined.
CC BY: David Wiley: http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/2348
By: Eurostat:
$60 trillion
x 5% =
$ 3 trillion
Lines of Bikes By: KOMU News
http://www.flickr.com/photos/komunews/6176280963
CC BY
OPEN By: Tom Magliery
http://www.flickr.com/photos/mag3737/1914076277
CC BY-NC-SA
Partner with Legislators
who care about:
(a) efficient use of national /
state
tax dollars;
(b) saving students money;
increasing access to publicly
funded research and data;
“By developing this library of openly licensed
courseware and making it available to school
districts free of charge, the state and school
districts will be able to provide students with
curricula and texts while substantially reducing
the expenses that districts would otherwise incur
in purchasing these materials. In addition, this
library of openly licensed courseware will
provide districts and students with a broader
selection of materials, and materials that are
more up-to-date.”
CC-BY licensed textbooks
for 90 university courses
$500 million - Wave 2
($2 billion over four years)
Publicly funded
resources should be
openly licensed
resources.
Why is “Open” Important?
• Cooperate & share = We all Win
– Faculty have new choices when building learning
spaces.
– …the more eyes on a problem, the greater
chance for a solution.
• Affordability: students can’t afford textbooks
• Self-interest: good things happen when I
share
• It’s a social justice issue: everyone should
have the right to access digital knowledge.
CC BY-NC-ND
Dream in Colour By: Vineet Radhakrishnan
http://www.flickr.com/photos/vineetradhakrishnan/60382596
English Composition I
• 55,000+ enrollments / year
• x $175 textbook
•=
+
$9.6
Million every year
English Composition I
• 55,000+ enrollments / year
• x $175 textbook
•=
+
$9.6
Million every year
http://openstaxcollege.org
• OpenStax College texts are CC BY and can
be adopted and adapted by faculty
• OpenStax College texts meet
scope/sequence requirements of course and
are professionally developed
• Any format, on any device, at any time and
epub/pdf is always free and never expire
• New ecosystem of partners to support the
content
73
CC BY
massive change By: sookie
U.S. House Appropriations Committee draft FY2012
Labor, Health and Human Services funding bill
SEC. 124. None of the funds made available by this Act
for the Department of Labor may be used to develop
new courses, modules, learning materials, or projects in
carrying out education or career job training grant
programs unless the Secretary of Labor certifies,
after a comprehensive market-based analysis, that
such courses, modules, learning materials, or projects
are not otherwise available for purchase or licensing
in the marketplace or under development for
students who require them to participate in such
education or career job training grant programs.
http://appropriations.house.gov/UploadedFiles/FY_2012_Final_LHHSE.pdf
U.S. House Appropriations Committee draft FY2012
Labor, Health and Human Services funding bill
SEC. 124. None of the funds made available by this Act
for the Department of Labor may be used to develop
new courses, modules, learning materials, or projects in
carrying out education or career job training grant
programs unless the Secretary of Labor certifies,
after a comprehensive market-based analysis, that
such courses, modules, learning materials, or projects
are not otherwise available for purchase or licensing
in the marketplace or under development for
students who require them to participate in such
education or career job training grant programs.
http://appropriations.house.gov/UploadedFiles/FY_2012_Final_LHHSE.pdf
H.R. 3699
"No Federal agency may adopt,
implement, maintain, continue, or
otherwise engage in any policy, program,
or other activity that -- (1) causes,
permits, or authorizes network
dissemination of any private-sector
research work without the prior consent of
the publisher of such work; or (2) requires
that any actual or prospective author, or
the employer of such an actual or
prospective author, assent to network
H.R. 3699
"No Federal agency may adopt,
implement, maintain, continue, or
otherwise engage in any policy, program,
or other activity that -- (1) causes,
permits, or authorizes network
dissemination of any private-sector
research work without the prior consent of
the publisher of such work; or (2) requires
that any actual or prospective author, or
the employer of such an actual or
prospective author, assent to network
But even better, the bill sponsor
said:
• "As the costs of publishing continue to be
driven down by new technology, we will
continue to see a growth in open access
publishers.
• This new and innovative model appears to
be the wave of the future. The transition
must be collaborative, and must respect
copyright law and the principles of open
access.
• The American people deserve to have
access to research for which they have
http://maloney.house.gov/press-release/issa-maloney-statement-research-works-act
Public
“The American
people deserve to
have access to
research for which
they have paid.”
http://maloney.house.gov/press-release/issa-maloney-statement-research-works-act
CC BY-NC-ND
046: Rule #2: See Rule #1 By: William Couch
http://www.flickr.com/photos/wcouch/226861055
By Michael Gwyther-Jones
http://www.flickr.com/photos/12587661@N06/
7906811250/
CC BY
Only ONE thing Matters:
• Efficient use of public funds to
increase student success and
access to quality educational
materials, research and data.
• Everything else (including all
existing business models) is
secondary.
Chess Pawn By: Doug Wheller
http://www.flickr.com/photos/doug88888/3400002114
CC BY-NC
the opposite of open isn’t “closed”
the opposite of open is “broken”
Attribution: John Wilbanks
Dr. Cable Green
Director of Global Learning
[email protected]
twitter: cgreen