C.W. Shelmerdine

Introduction to Greek

2

nd

edition

(Newburyport, MA: Focus, 2008)

Chapter 15

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

3 rd declension nouns: stems in diphthongs The present and imperfect passive indicative of thematic verbs (1 st principal part) Genitive of personal agent Irregular 3 rd declension nouns The aorist passive indicative of thematic verbs (6 th principal part) The future passive indicative of thematic verbs (6 th principal part)

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

3 rd declension nouns: stems in diphthongs

The present and imperfect passive indicative of thematic verbs (1 st principal part) Genitive of personal agent Irregular 3 rd declension nouns The aorist passive indicative of thematic verbs (6 th principal part) The future passive indicative of thematic verbs (6 th principal part)

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

•

1. 3 rd declension nouns: stems in diphthongs

A small group of 3 rd declension nouns has stems ending in diphthongs (all in υ : ευ , αυ , ου ).

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

1. 3 rd declension nouns: stems in diphthongs

The most common nouns end in ευ .

– The υ disappears except in the nominative and vocative singulars, and the dative plural.

– – The genitive singular ends in – ως (rather than ος ).

In the nominative plural, the resulting εες εις .

contracts to – In the nominative, accusative and vocative plural, forms in ης take over by the end of the fourth century BCE.

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

1. 3 rd declension nouns: stems in diphthongs

Thus the forms of

βασιλεύς , βασιλέως ἡ

“king” singular

Nom. βασιλεύ ς Gen. βασιλέ ως Dat. βασιλε ῖ Acc. βασιλέ α Voc. βασιλεῦ

plural

Nom. βασιλ εῖς (later βασιλ ῆς ) Gen. βασιλέ ων Dat. βασιλεῦ σι Acc. βασιλέ ας (later βασιλ ῆς ) Voc. = nom.

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

• •

1. 3 rd declension nouns: stems in diphthongs

A few 3 rd declension nouns have stems in αυ or ου .

The υ disappears in the genitive and dative singulars, and the nominative and genitive plurals.

• • – The accusative singular uses the ending – ν (instead of α ).

– γραῦς , γραός ἡ “old woman” has a stem ending in αυ .

ναῦς , νεώς ἡ “ship” has a stem ending in αυ but is irregular (see 15.4).

– βοῦς , βοός ὁ / ἡ “ox” has a stem ending in ου .

χοῦς , χοός ὁ “three quart measure” has a stem ending in ου , but with accusatives χόα and χόας .

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

1. 3 rd declension nouns: stems in diphthongs

Thus the forms of

γραῦς , γραός ἡ

“old woman” singular

Nom. γραῦ ς Gen. γρα ός Dat. γρα ΐ Acc. γραῦ ν Voc. γραῦ

plural

Nom. γρᾶ ες Gen. γρα ῶν Dat. γραυ σί Acc. γραῦ ς Voc. = nom.

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

1. 3 rd declension nouns: stems in diphthongs

Thus the forms of

βοῦς , βοός ὁ / ἡ

“ox” singular

Nom. βοῦ ς Gen. βο ός Dat. βο ΐ Acc. βοῦ ν Voc. βοῦ

plural

Nom. βό ες Gen. βο ῶν Dat. βου σί Acc. βοῦ ς Voc. = nom.

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

3 rd declension nouns: stems in diphthongs

The present and imperfect passive indicative of thematic verbs (1 st principal part)

Genitive of personal agent Irregular 3 rd declension nouns The aorist passive indicative of thematic verbs (6 th principal part) The future passive indicative of thematic verbs (6 th principal part)

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

• • •

2. The present and imperfect passive of thematic verbs

This chapter introduces the

passive voice

of regular verbs. When a verb is

passive

, the noun in the nominative case receives the action. English forms

passive

verbs by replacing an active verb with the corresponding form of “be” and adding the perfect participle.

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

•

2. The present and imperfect passive of thematic verbs

Compare the following active and passive sentences. Both describe the same action but – – using different constructions: • “Godzilla sees the city.” active present • • “The city is seen by Godzilla.” passive present “sees” is replaced by “is,” then “seen” is added.

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

•

2. The present and imperfect passive of thematic verbs

Compare the following active and passive sentences. Both describe the same action but – – using different constructions : • “Godzilla was destroying active imperfect the city.” • • “The city was being destroyed by Godzilla.” passive imperfect “was destroying” is replaced by “was being,” then “destroyed” is added.

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

•

2. The present and imperfect passive of thematic verbs

In the present and imperfect tenses, active and passive Greek verbs differ only in their personal endings.

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

ACTIVE

singular • λύ ω (I loose) • λύ εις (you loose) • λύ ει (s/he, it looses) plural • λύ ομεν • λύ ετε • λύ ουσι (we loose) (you, y’all loose) (they loose)

PASSIVE

singular • λύ ομαι (I am loosed) • λύ ῃ /λύ ει (you are loosed) • λύ εται (s/he, it is loosed) plural • λυ όμεθα (we are loosed) • λύ εσθε (y’all are loosed) • λύ ονται (they are loosed)

present tense λύ εσαι = λύ+ ε +( σ )+ αι



λύ

ῃ or λύ ει

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

• Note the final – accent (1 st αι is short for purposes of sg and 3 rd sg & pl).

• These endings are the same as those you learned for the future of εἰμί .

PASSIVE

singular • λύ ομαι (I am loosed) • λύ ῃ /λύ ει (you are loosed) • λύ εται (s/he, it is loosed) plural • λυ όμεθα (we are loosed) • λύ εσθε (y’all are loosed) • λύ ονται (they are loosed)

present tense λύ εσαι = λύ+ ε +( σ )+ αι



λύ

ῃ or λύ ει

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

ACTIVE

singular • ἔλυ ον (I was loosing) • ἔλυ ες (you were loosing) • ἔλυ ε (s/he, it was loosing) plural • ἐλύ ομεν (we were loosing) • ἐλύ ετε (y’all were loosing) • ἔλυ ον (they were loosing)

PASSIVE

singular • ἐλυ όμην (I was being loosed) • ἐλύ ου (you were being loosed) • ἐλύ ετο (s/he, it was being loosed) plural • ἐλυ όμεθα (we were being loosed) • ἐλύ εσθε (y’all were being loosed) • ἐλύ οντο (they were being loosed)

imperfect tense ἐλύ εσο = ἐλύ+ ε +( σ )+ ο



ἐλύ

ου

Shelmerdine Chapter 15 parse/parsing

• • •

1 st , 2 nd

or

3 RD SINGULAR PERSON

or

PLURAL PRESENT , IMPERFECT , FUTURE, or AORIST

•

INDICATIVE , IMPERATIVE, or INFINITIVE

•

ACTIVE, PASSIVE

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

3 rd declension nouns: stems in diphthongs The present and imperfect passive indicative of thematic verbs (1 st principal part)

Genitive of personal agent

Irregular 3 rd declension nouns The aorist passive indicative of thematic verbs (6 th principal part) The future passive indicative of thematic verbs (6 th principal part)

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

•

3. Genitive of personal agent

When the verb is passive, the agent goes in the genitive following ὑπό : of the action – •

ὁ Περικλῆς

διώκει τοὺς Πέρσας. “

Pericles

pursues the Persians.” (active) – • οἱ Πέρσαι διώκονται

ὑπὸ τοῦ Περικλέους

.

“The Persians are pursued

by Pericles

.” (passive)

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•

3. Genitive of agent

An

instrument

is expressed by the

dative

, whether the verb is active or passive: – – – • ὁ Περικλῆς διώκει ἁμάξῃ τοὺς Πέρσας. “Pericles pursues the Persians

in a chariot

.” • οἱ Πέρσαι διώκονται ἁμάξῃ Περικλέους.

ὑπὸ τοῦ “The Persians are pursued by Pericles

in a chariot

.” • οἱ Πέρσαι διώκονται ἁμάξαις .

“The Persians are pursued

by chariots

.”

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

3 rd declension nouns: stems in diphthongs The present and imperfect passive indicative of thematic verbs (1 st principal part) Genitive of personal agent

Irregular 3 rd declension nouns

The aorist passive indicative of thematic verbs (6 th principal part) The future passive indicative of thematic verbs (6 th principal part)

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

•

4. Irregular 3 rd declension nouns

A few nouns in Greek are recognizably 3 rd declension but undergo unpredictable stem – changes.

γυνή , γυναικός ἡ γυναικ

-.

“woman” has the stem – the nominative singular irregularly contracts to

γυνή

.

– the vocative, by rule, drops the final -

κ

.

– all genitive and dative forms accent the ultima.

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

4. Irregular 3 rd declension nouns

Thus the forms of

γυνή , γυναικός ἡ

“woman” singular

Nom. γυνή Gen. γυναικ ός Dat. γυναικ ί Acc. γυναῖκ α Voc. γύναι

plural

Nom. γυναῖκ ες Gen. γυναικ ῶν Dat. γυναι ξί Acc. γυναῖκ ας Voc. = nom.

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

•

4. Irregular 3 rd declension nouns

A few nouns in Greek are recognizably 3 rd declension but undergo unpredictable stem – changes.

ναῦς , νεώς ἡ

“ship” displays shifts in its stem vowel.

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

4. Irregular 3 rd declension nouns

Thus the forms of

ναῦς , νεώς ἡ

“ship” singular

Nom. ναῦ ς Gen. νε ώς Dat. νη ΐ Acc. ναῦ ν Voc. ναῦ

plural

Nom. νῆ ες Gen. νε ῶν Dat. ναυ σί Acc. ναῦ ς Voc. = nom.

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

•

4. Irregular 3 rd declension nouns

A few nouns in Greek are recognizably 3 rd declension but undergo unpredictable stem – changes.

ὕδωρ , ὕδατος τό

“water” has a stem in -

τ

, but the nom./acc./voc. singular shows -

ρ

.

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

•

4. Irregular 3 rd declension nouns

Thus the forms of

ὕδωρ , ὕδατος τό

“water” singular

Nom. ὕδωρ Gen. ὕδατ ος Dat. ὕδατ ι Acc. = nom.

Voc. = nom.

plural

Nom. ὕδατ α Gen. ὑδάτ ων Dat. ὕδα σι Acc. = nom.

Voc. = nom.

dat. pl.: ὕδα τσ ι



ὕδα σ ι

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

4. Irregular 3 Ζεῦς , rd Διός ὁ declension nouns

“Zeus” has a unique declension: singular

Nom. Ζεῦ ς Gen. Δι ός Dat. Δι ΐ Acc. Δί α Voc. Ζεῦ

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

3 rd declension nouns: stems in diphthongs The present and imperfect passive indicative of thematic verbs (1 st principal part) Genitive of personal agent Irregular 3 rd declension nouns

The aorist passive indicative of thematic verbs (6 th principal part)

The future passive indicative of thematic verbs (6 th principal part)

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

•

5. The aorist passive indicative of thematic verbs (6 th principal part)

The aorist and future tenses form the passive differently from present and imperfect tenses.

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

•

5. The aorist passive indicative of thematic verbs (6 th principal part)

– – – The aorist passive indicative adds an augment to the beginning of the stem, as in the active adds the marker θη - or just η - to the end of the stem The personal endings are the secondary endings of the – μι εἰμί conjugation (compare the imperfect forms of and φημί and even the endings of the weak [1 st ] aorist active).

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

singular • ἐ

λύ θη ν

(I was loosed) • ἐ

λύ θη ς

(you were loosed) • ἐ

λύ θη

(s/he, it was loosed) plural • ἐ

λύ θη μεν

(we were loosed) • ἐ

λύ θη τε

(y’all were loosed) • ἐ

λύ θη σαν

(they were loosed)

aorist passive

stem = augment +

λυ + θη

Note the addition of both the

augment

and

θη

to the stem.

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

• •

5. The aorist passive indicative of thematic verbs (6 th principal part)

The sixth (and final) principal part is the 1 st person – aorist indicative passive . Note that we have skipped the fourth and fifth principal parts (the perfect system, introduced in Chapter 30). – This part always ends in -

ην

: λύω, λύσω, ἔλυσα, λέλυκα, λέλυμαι,

ἐλύθην

Shelmerdine Chapter 14

• •

5. The aorist passive indicative of thematic verbs (6 th principal part)

This part always ends in -

ην

: – λύω, λύσω, ἔλυσα, λέλυκα, λέλυμαι,

ἐλύθην

To form the aorist passive, you can always replace the final – ν with: ν (1 st sg) μεν (1 st pl) ς (2 (3 nd rd sg) sg) τε σαν (2 (3 nd rd pl) pl)

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

3 rd declension nouns: stems in diphthongs The present and imperfect passive indicative of thematic verbs (1 st principal part) Genitive of personal agent Irregular 3 rd declension nouns The aorist passive indicative of thematic verbs (6 th principal part)

The future passive indicative of thematic verbs (6 th principal part)

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

•

6. The future passive indicative of thematic verbs (6 th principal part)

– The future passive indicative adds the markers θη - and σ - to the end of the stem – the personal endings are the same as those for the present passive.

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

singular • λυ

θήσ ομαι

(I will be loosed) plural • λυ

θησ όμεθα

(we will be loosed) • λυ

θήσ

ῃ/ει (you will be loosed) • λυ

θήσ εται

(s/he, it will be loosed) • λυ

θήσ εσθε

(y’all will be loosed) • λυ

θήσ ονται

(they will be loosed)

future passive

stem =

λυ + θη + σ

Note the addition of both the

θη

and

σ

to the stem.

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

for tomorrow (Wednesday, December 7, 2005):

• Quiz: Chapter 15 Vocabulary

– Verbs: omit ἀπολαύνω – Nouns: omit γραῦς, Ζεύς

Athens Salamis

Salamis in the fog (viewed from Athens)

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

παρῆν δὲ ἐν τῇ ναυμαχίᾳ ἡ τῶν Ἁλικαρνασσέων βασίλεια, ὀνόματι Ἀρτεμισία. ἐπεὶ δ' αἱ τῶν Περσῶν νῆες ἐπιέζοντο καὶ ἐβλάπτοντο ὑπὸ τῶν Ἑλλήνων, ἡ τῆς Ἀρτεμισίας ναῦς ἐδιώκετο νηΐ Ἀττικῇ·

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

παρῆν δὲ ἐν τῇ ναυμαχίᾳ ἡ τῶν Ἁλικαρνασσέων βασίλεια, ὀνόματι Ἀρτεμισία. ἐπεὶ δ' αἱ τῶν Περσῶν νῆες ἐπιέζοντο καὶ ἐβλάπτοντο ὑπὸ τῶν Ἑλλήνων, ἡ τῆς Ἀρτεμισίας ναῦς ἐδιώκετο νηΐ Ἀττικῇ·

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

παρῆν δὲ ἐν τῇ ναυμαχίᾳ ἡ τῶν Ἁλικαρνασσέων βασίλεια, ὀνόματι Ἀρτεμισία. ἐπεὶ δ' αἱ τῶν Περσῶν νῆες ἐπιέζοντο καὶ ἐβλάπτοντο ὑπὸ τῶν Ἑλλήνων, ἡ τῆς Ἀρτεμισίας ναῦς ἐδιώκετο νηΐ Ἀττικῇ·

Ἀθῆναι Ἁλικαρνασσός

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

ἡ δὲ βασίλεια οὐχ οἵα τ' ἦν διαφυγεῖν (ἔμπροσθε γὰρ αὐτῆς ἦσαν ἄλλαι νῆες φίλιαι), ἐκέλευσεν οὖν τοὺς ναύτας ἐμβάλλειν νηῒ φιλίᾳ. ὡς δὲ κατέδυσεν αὐτὴν, εὐτυχίᾳ ἡ βασίλεια εὖ ἔπραξεν. ὁ μὲν γὰρ τῆς Ἀττικῆς νεὼς τριήραρχος ἐνόμισε τὴν ναῦν τὴν τῆς Ἀρτεμισίας Ἑλληνικὴν εἶναι, ἢ τοὺς ναύτας αὐτομόλους εἶναι ἐκ τῶν βαρβάρων. οὐκέτι οὖν ἐδίωξεν αὐτήν, ἀλλ' ἐνέβαλλεν ἄλλαις ναυσίν· καὶ οὕτως ἡ Ἀρτεμισία ἐκ τῆς μάχης διέφυγεν.

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

ἡ δὲ βασίλεια οὐχ οἵα τ' ἦν διαφυγεῖν (ἔμπροσθε γὰρ αὐτῆς ἦσαν ἄλλαι νῆες φίλιαι), ἐκέλευσεν οὖν τοὺς ναύτας ἐμβάλλειν νηῒ φιλίᾳ. ὡς δὲ κατέδυσεν αὐτὴν, εὐτυχίᾳ ἡ βασίλεια εὖ ἔπραξεν. ὁ μὲν γὰρ τῆς Ἀττικῆς νεὼς τριήραρχος ἐνόμισε τὴν ναῦν τὴν τῆς Ἀρτεμισίας Ἑλληνικὴν εἶναι, ἢ τοὺς ναύτας αὐτομόλους εἶναι ἐκ τῶν βαρβάρων. οὐκέτι οὖν ἐδίωξεν αὐτήν, ἀλλ' καὶ ἐνέβαλλεν ἄλλαις ναυσίν· οὕτως ἡ Ἀρτεμισία ἐκ τῆς μάχης διέφυγεν.

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

ἡ δὲ βασίλεια οὐχ οἵα τ' ἦν διαφυγεῖν (ἔμπροσθε γὰρ αὐτῆς ἦσαν ἄλλαι νῆες φίλιαι), ἐκέλευσεν οὖν τοὺς ναύτας ἐμβάλλειν νηῒ φιλίᾳ. ὡς δὲ κατέδυσεν αὐτὴν, εὐτυχίᾳ ἡ βασίλεια εὖ ἔπραξεν. ὁ μὲν γὰρ τῆς Ἀττικῆς νεὼς τριήραρχος ἐνόμισε τὴν ναῦν τὴν τῆς Ἀρτεμισίας Ἑλληνικὴν εἶναι, ἢ τοὺς ναύτας αὐτομόλους εἶναι ἐκ τῶν βαρβάρων. οὐκέτι οὖν ἐδίωξεν αὐτήν, ἀλλ' καὶ ἐνέβαλλεν ἄλλαις ναυσίν· οὕτως ἡ Ἀρτεμισία ἐκ τῆς μάχης διέφυγεν.

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

τὸ δὲ τῆς βασιλείας ἔργον φανερὸν ἦν τῷ Ξέρξῃ· βασιλεὺς γὰρ αὐτὸς ἐν ὑψηλῷ θρόνῳ ἐπὶ τῆς ἀκτῆς ἐκάθιζεν. ἔλεξε δέ Πέρσης αὐτῷ· Δέσποτα, ἡ Ἀρτεμεσία ναῦν τῶν πολεμίων κατέδυσεν. ὁ δὲ Ξέρξης πρῶτον μὲν οὐκ ἐπίστευεν αὐτῷ, τέλος δ' ἐπείθετο· μάλιστα δ' ἐθαύμαζε τὴν τῆς βασιλείας ἀρετήν. Οἱ μὲν ἄνδρες, ἔφη, νῦν εἰσι γυναῖκες, αἱ δὲ γυναῖκες ἄνδρες.

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

τὸ δὲ τῆς βασιλείας ἔργον φανερὸν ἦν τῷ Ξέρξῃ· βασιλεὺς γὰρ αὐτὸς ἐν ὑψηλῷ θρόνῳ ἐπὶ τῆς ἀκτῆς ἐκάθιζεν. ἔλεξε δέ Πέρσης αὐτῷ· Δέσποτα, ἡ Ἀρτεμεσία ναῦν τῶν πολεμίων κατέδυσεν. ὁ δὲ Ξέρξης πρῶτον μὲν οὐκ ἐπίστευεν αὐτῷ, τέλος δ' ἐπείθετο· μάλιστα δ' ἐθαύμαζε τὴν τῆς βασιλείας ἀρετήν. Οἱ μὲν ἄνδρες, ἔφη , νῦν εἰσι γυναῖκες, αἱ δὲ γυναῖκες ἄνδρες.

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

τὸ δὲ τῆς βασιλείας ἔργον φανερὸν ἦν τῷ Ξέρξῃ· βασιλεὺς γὰρ αὐτὸς ἐν ὑψηλῷ θρόνῳ ἐπὶ τῆς ἀκτῆς ἐκάθιζεν. ἔλεξε δέ Πέρσης αὐτῷ· Δέσποτα, ἡ Ἀρτεμεσία ναῦν τῶν πολεμίων κατέδυσεν. ὁ δὲ Ξέρξης πρῶτον μὲν οὐκ ἐπίστευεν αὐτῷ, τέλος δ' ἐπείθετο· μάλιστα δ' ἐθαύμαζε τὴν τῆς βασιλείας ἀρετήν. Οἱ μὲν ἄνδρες, ἔφη , νῦν εἰσι γυναῖκες, αἱ δὲ γυναῖκες ἄνδρες.

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

• Pages 97-98 (between Chapters 15 and 16) contain a reference chart of the principal parts of all the verbs from Chapters 1-15.

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

8. καὶ ποιμένες ἦσαν ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ τῇ αὐτῇ ἀγραυλοῦντες καὶ φυλάσσοντες φυλακὰς τῆς νυκτὸς ἐπὶ τὴν ποίμνην αὐτῶν. 9. καὶ ἄγγελος κυρίου ἐπέστη αὐτοῖς καὶ δόξα κυρίου περιέλαμψεν αὐτούς, καὶ ἐφοβήθησαν φόβον μέγαν. ἄγγελος –ου ὁ ἀγραυλοῦντες messenger, angel “(being) outside” ἐπέστη “stood beside” (3 rd sg. aor. indic. act.) κύριος –ου ὁ lord μέγας, μεγάλη, μέγαν big περιλάμπω shine around ποίμνη –ης ἡ flock φοβέομαι, φοβήσομαι, ἐφοβησάμην, … ἐφοβήθην fear φόβος –ου ὁ fear φυλάσσοντες φυλακὰς guarding

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

10. καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς ὁ ἄγγελος, Μὴ φοβεῖσθε, ἰδοὺ γὰρ εὐαγγελίζομαι ὑμῖν χαρὰν μεγάλην ἥτις ἔσται παντὶ τῷ λαῷ, 11. ὅτι ἐτέχθη ὑμῖν σήμερον σωτὴρ ὅς ἐστιν Χριστὸς κύριος ἐν πόλει Δαυίδ· ἄγγελος –ου ὁ Δαυίδ ὁ messenger, angel (indeclinable) David εἶπεν “said” (3d sg. aor. indic. act.) εὐαγγελίζομαι bring good news ἰδού Look! κύριος –ου ὁ lord λαός –οῦ ὁ people μέγας, μεγάλη, μέγαν big παντὶ ὑμῖν all (masc. dat. sg.) σήμερον today σωτήρ, σωτῆρος ὁ you (dat. pl.) χαρά -ᾶς ἡ joy savior τίκτω, τέξομαι, ἔτεκον, … ἐτέχθην bear, give birth to (pass: be born)

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

12. καὶ τοῦτο ὑμῖν τὸ σημεῖον, εὑρήσετε βρέφος ἐσπαργανωμένον καὶ κείμενον ἐν φάτνῃ. βρέφος –ους τό find κείμενον infant ἐσπαργανωμένον εὑρίσκω, εὑρήσω, εὗρον, εὕρηκα, εὑρέθην “lying” “wrapped in baby clothes” σημεῖον –ου τό sign τοῦτο this (neut. nom. sg.) ὑμῖν you (dat. pl.) φάτνη –ης ἡ manger, stable

Shelmerdine Chapter 15

13. καὶ ἐξαίφνης ἐγένετο σὺν τῷ ἀγγέλῳ πλῆθος στρατιᾶς οὐρανίου αἰνούντων τὸν θεὸν καὶ λεγόντων, 14. Δόξα ἐν ὑψίστοις θεῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς εἰρήνη ἐν ἀνθρώποις εὐδοκίας.

ἄγγελος –ου ὁ αἰνούντων messenger, angel praising ἐγένετο = ἦν ἐξαίφνης suddenly εὐδοκία –ας ἡ good will λεγόντων “saying” οὐράνιος –ον heavenly πλῆθος –ους τό crowd ὑψιστος –η –ον highest

Shelmerdine Chapter 14

The Final Exam will be Saturday, December 17, 2005 7:30am – 9:30am

Shelmerdine Chapter 14

• The Final Exam has four parts: – A. Given the principal parts of a regular verb, write out all the forms of the present, imperfect, and aorist passive (18 pts).

– B. Given a third declension noun and an adjective, decline the pair, along with the definite article (26 pts).

– C. Translate a short Greek passage into English (40 pts).

– D. Parse selected words from the passage (1 pt per bit of parsing information = 16 pts).

Shelmerdine Chapter 14

• The Final Exam has four parts: – For B., the noun will be one of • σῶμα, σώματος τό “body” (Chapter 8) • ἔρως, ἔρωτος ὁ “love” (Chapter 9) • νύξ, νυκτός ἡ “night” (Chapter 9) • λέων, λέοντος ὁ “lion” (Chapter 9) • τεῖχος • πόλις

, , τείχους τό πόλεως ἡ

“wall” (Chapter 12) “city” (Chapter 13) – The adjective will be • αὐτός -ή -ό • see Chapter 8.7-9 for declension and rules for position