Transcript Polio Update ACRONYMS OPV Oral Polio Vaccine IPV Inactivated Polio Vaccine WPV Wild Polio Virus GPEI Global Polio Eradication Initiative FRRS Financial Resource Requirements series GAVI GAVI !!!!!!!

Polio Update
ACRONYMS
OPV
Oral Polio Vaccine
IPV
Inactivated Polio Vaccine
WPV
Wild Polio Virus
GPEI
Global Polio Eradication Initiative
FRRS
Financial Resource Requirements series
GAVI
GAVI !!!!!!!
The situation in 1988
In 1988, when the Global Polio Eradication Initiative began
polio paralysed more than 1000 children worldwide every day.
Since then, more than 2.5 billion children have been immunized against polio
thanks to the cooperation of more than 200 countries and 20 million volunteers,
backed by an international investment of more than US$ 9 billion.
There are now only 3 countries that have never stopped polio transmission and
global incidence of polio cases has decreased by 99 %.
In 2013, 416 cases were reported for the entire year as opposed to over 350,000
in 1988.
In February 2012 India long-regarded as the nation facing the
greatest challenges to eradication, was removed from the list of polioendemic countries, convincing doubters that global polio eradication is
feasible.
There has also been success in eradicating certain strains of the virus;
of the three types of wild polioviruses (WPVs), the last case of type 2
was reported in 1999 and the last case of type 3 in November 2012 .
The situation now
Afghanistan
Nigeria
Pakistan
Polio this week as of 15 October 2014
•More than 6 months has passed since a case of wild
poliovirus was reported in Syria or Iraq. Over 22 million
children have been vaccinated against polio multiple times
in the past year, in the midst of active conflict and a
humanitarian crisis.
•Pakistan has reached 206 cases of paralysis caused by
wild poliovirus in 2014. This is the highest number of cases
on record by October in Pakistan in any year.
•Reviews took place in both Equatorial Guinea and
Cameroon in September to assess the quality of polio
outbreak response activities conducted so far. Both
assessments concluded that although much progress has
been accomplished towards controlling the outbreaks,
neither programme can be entirely confident that
transmission has been interrupted. Recommendations
have been made and follow up missions should take place
by mid-December in Equatorial Guinea and by February
2015 in Cameroon.
Year-to-date
2014
Year-to-date
2013
Total in 2013
Globally
243
293
416
in endemic
countries
224
99
160
19
194
256
Total cases
in non-endemic
countries
Case breakdown by country
Year-to-date 2014
Countries
WPV1
WPV3
W1W
3
Year-to-date 2013
Total
WPV1 WPV3
W1W
3
Total
Total
in
2013
Date of
most
recent
case
Pakistan
206
206
43
43
93
22-Sep-14
Afghanist
an
12
12
7
7
14
18-Sep-14
Nigeria
6
6
49
49
53
24-Jul-14
Somalia
5
5
174
174
194
11-Aug-14
Equatorial
Guinea
5
5
0
0
03-May-14
Iraq
2
2
0
0
07-Apr-14
Cameroon
5
5
0
4
09-Jul-14
Syria
1
1
0
35
21-Jan-14
Ethiopia
1
Kenya
Total
Total in
endemic
countries
1
6
6
9
05-Jan-14
0
14
14
14
14-Jul-13
243
0
0
243
293
0
293
416
224
0
0
224
99
0
99
160
Comparison
Afghanistan
Nigeria
Pakistan
Problems
However, tackling the last 1% of polio cases has still proved to be
difficult.
Conflict, political instability, hard-to-reach populations, and poor
infrastructure continue to pose challenges to eradicating the
disease.
Each country offers a unique set of challenges which require local
solutions.
NIGERIA
The Centre for Disease Control has declared that the ongoing
endemic transmission in Nigeria is a major threat to the success of
Global Polio Eradication Initiative. The challenge in Nigeria is that
parents refuse vaccination for religious and superstitious reasons.
The Nigerian is facing a serious information war with some
miscreants who had spread rumors questioning the safety and
efficacy of the vaccine. The need in Nigeria is to “stop politicizing
polio.” Achieving control over Nigeria is of utmost importance
because it is the only infective focus in the whole of Africa. With the
Nigerian situation is still not in control the CDC's recommendation of
vigilant surveillance and maintaining high population level immunity
across Africa is something that is to be taken seriously.
PAKISTAN & AFGHANISTAN
The polio endemic areas consist of three groups of districts, Karachi
city, a group of districts in Balochistan, and a group of districts in
Federally Administered Tribal Areas and North-West Frontier
Province. These are also the areas with incomplete vaccination
coverage primarily due to poor security situation although poor
administration and corruption are also responsible. For example,
media sources claim that more than 1 million children have been
deprived of polio vaccine in the North Waziristan Agency region
only. Not only are there problems in convincing people to get their
children immunized, but also there are problems with poor
organization, corruption, and lack of determination among health
care workers. Even the media and health activist groups until lately
too have failed to lobby effectively to pressurize the government.
Security issues also crop up in some regions of Pakistan often
thereby leading to failure of vaccination programs. In addition,
Pakistan and neighboring Afghanistan repeatedly keep on reinfecting one another due to substantial population shifts between
the two countries.
Plans for future action
In 2013 the Global Polio Eradication Initiative
launched its most comprehensive and ambitious plan
for completely eradicating polio.
Polio eradication and endgame timeline
The Polio Eradication and Endgame Strategic Plan 2013–2018 is a
comprehensive, long-term strategy that addresses what is needed to deliver
a polio-free world by 2018. The Plan has four objectives, with associated
timelines for delivery.
Endemic Countries: Details of external funding
requirements for 2014-2016
Afghanistan
Nigeria
Pakistan
On 25 April 2013 at the Global Vaccine Summit, global leaders,
donor nations and polio-affected countries pledged over US$ 4
billion towards the Strategic Plan’s US$ 5.5 billion six year
budget. Since then, the GPEI has continued to work with
partners to convert the pledges into signed agreements and
cash disbursements and to secure the remaining US$ 1.5 billion
in additional resources. As of 1 February 2014, US$ 1.5 billion
has been operationalized through signed agreements and/or
cash payments against funds committed at the Summit. In
2013, the GPEI received US$ 1.1 billion in contributions.
Countries using and planning to introduce IPV
October 2014 status report
This slide deck provides a summary per country on the status of planning for the
introduction of Inactivated Poliomyelitis Vaccine (IPV).
Information here is updated monthly based on information shared by WHO and UNICEF
Regional Offices. Please contact [email protected] with any questions or updates on this
data.
Definitions

Formal decision to introduce: The country has documentation of its decision to
introduce IPV which has been verified by the relevant WHO Regional Office, or for
GAVI eligible countries, a complete application for IPV has been submitted to the
GAVI Secretariat.

Intent to introduce: The country has informally indicated that it plans to introduce
IPV, e.g. planning an application to GAVI, or by requesting technical assistance to
develop an IPV introduction plan.
Tracking these decisions and informal intents provide an indication of the global trend
towards meeting the targets of the Polio Eradication and Endgame Strategic Plan.
Countries using IPV vaccine to date and
formal decision/intent to introduce
0
850 1,700
3,400 Kilometers
Introduced to date (75 countries, 39%)
Formal commitment to Introduce in
2014-2015 (77 countries, 39%)
Intent to Introduce in 2015
Since January 2013, the following countries have introduced IPV:
Kazakhstan (July 2013); Peru (July 2013); Libya (March 2014); Albania
(May 2014); Panama (2014), Nepal (Sep 2014) and Tunisia (Sep 2014)
(29 countries, 15%)
Not Available, Not Introduced /No Plans (13 countries,7%)
Not applicable
Data Source: WHO/IVB Database, as at 01 October 2014 Data of slide: 02 October
2014
Map production: Immunization Vaccines and Biologicals, (IVB), World Health
Organization
The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply
the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization
concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities,
or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps
represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement.
 WHO 2014. All rights reserved
Countries using IPV vaccine to date and
introductions planned according to GAVI
eligibility status
0
850 1,700
3,400 Kilometers
Introduced to date (75 countries, 39%)
GAVI countries with formal commitment
to introduce in 2014-2015 (66 countries, 34%)
Since January 2013, the following countries have introduced IPV:
Non GAVI countries with formal
Kazakhstan (July 2013); Peru (July 2013); Libya (March 2014); Albania
commitment to introduce in 2014-2015 (11 countries, 5%)
(May 2014); Panama (2014), Nepal (Sep 2014) and Tunisia (Sep 2014)
GAVI countries with intent to introduce in 2015 (4 countries, 2%)
Data Source: WHO/IVB Database, as at 01 October 2014
Data of
slide: 02 October 2014
Non GAVI countries with intent to introduce in 2015 (25 countries, 13%)
Map production: Immunization Vaccines and Biologicals, (IVB), World
Health Organization
Not Available, Not Introduced /No Plans (13 countries, 7%)
Not applicable
The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply
the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization
concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities,
or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps
represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement.
 WHO 2014. All rights reserved
What do you know
about GAVI ?
What’s OUR part in this
ADVOCATE
The fight to end polio is a massive effort that Rotary
and its partners cannot do alone. Help secure
support from governments, non-governmental
organizations, corporations and the public. Your
advocacy efforts help ensure that no child will suffer
from this crippling disease ever again.
SHARE YOUR VOICE
Get the facts about polio and spread the word via your social networks,
throughout your local community, with the press, and to your government.
Outreach Guide and Key Messages
Advocacy Flyer
Global Outlook: Advocating for Polio Eradication
End Polio Now Brochure
Guide to Lighting Up Iconic Structures
CLUB MEETINGS
Invite policy makers (members of parliament, ministers, members of
Congress, development agency representatives) to a local Rotary club
meeting to discuss the progress against polio and how they can make
history by supporting the fight to end polio.
Sample Invitation Letter
Certificate of Appreciation
SHARE YOUR STORY
Each person has his or her own personal reason for
supporting the fight to end polio. You story can help convince
others to get involved. Share your story with Rotary for a
chance to be featured on this website.
FUNDRAISE
Rotary and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation have extended their
partnership during the critical endgame phase of the Global Polio
Eradication Initiative. From 2013 to 2018, every US dollar Rotary
commits to polio eradication will instantly become three dollars, thanks
to a 2-to1 match by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Join Rotary in
the final push to end polio and help make history today.
GRAPHICS
Make History Today Infographics
Make History Today Banners
END POLIO NOW BROCHURE
Secure support from governments, nongovernmental organizations,
corporations, and the public to fully fund the polio endgame plan.
End Polio Now brochure
SHOP END POLIO NOW
Purchase T-shirts, pins and other materials to show your support for polio
eradication.
Shop.rotary.org
EDUCATE
Send a letter to the editor. Suggest a polio eradication story to a local
reporter. Share Rotary infographics to raise awareness about polio
eradication.
SAMPLE PRESS RELEASE
Develop a press release four local media to use to tell your
community about the work you are doing to end polio. Include
examples of how you are making an impact and quotes from local
Rotary members and other supporters.
Download Press Release
Web sites to visit
http://www.endpolio.org
https://www.rotary.org/myrotary/en/take-action/end-polio
http://www.polioeradication.org
http://www.polioaustralia.org.au