Transcript WIGOS WIS – AFRICA Sub-regional workshop (name of the country) Presentation WIGOS & WIS Sub-regional Workshop Date, Venue Name of the presenter Title, name of the.

WIGOS WIS – AFRICA Sub-regional workshop
(name of the country)
Presentation
WIGOS & WIS Sub-regional Workshop
Date, Venue
Name of the presenter
Title, name of the national organization
Email address (AAA@XXX)
Outline of the presenttaion
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Introduction
Organizational Chart
Mission and Basic Info of (full name of your NMHSs)
Network of Observations within NMHS (current status)
Network of Observations outside of Met Services (current status)
Data collection, transmission and management
Data application status and examples
Key achievements, opportunities & challenges (strength, weakness,
major difficulty areas, potential risks, etc)
Future plans (new challenges and opportunities-forward looking)
Key recommendations
Conclusion
1. Introdution
1. Basic information of the country
1) Geography
2) Climate zones and meteorological extremes (rainfall, etc)
3) Population
2. Major historical meteorological disaster events
1) Disaster type and distribution (Ref Amos presentation)
2) Life and economic loss (Ref. Senegal presentation)
3. Major National Economic sectors relying on Met
Services
1) Agriculture
2) Transporation
3) …
Example: RA I Sub-Regional Workshops for
WIGOS and WIS for West Africa
 Geografical location
An
island
country,
spanning
an
archipelago
of
10
islands,
locate
in
athalantic ocean, about
640 km of Western
Africa ( Senegal )
Most reported events in
Africa






Drought
Floods, incl.
flash floods
Severe storms
and
Tropical
cyclons
Sandstorms
Bush fires
Flash floods in Zvishavane, 22/ 11/ 2012, 09:43hrs, after a short
lived intense storm.(Photo by Elisha N Moyo Meteorological
Services Department Zimbabwe
2. Organizational Chart
• Examples of Senegal, Ghana (GMET),
– i.e.: Governance structure
– Reporting lines (from NMHS to government)
– Partner parallel organization relevant to Met
Services
– Internal structures (observing and
telecommunication division/unit within your
Met Services)
OVERVIEW:
ORGANOGRAM
Department of Water Resources
Water Quality
Hydrology
Meteorology
Forecast
Communication
Data Analysis
Maintenance of
computer
equipment
Climate
Monitoring &
Repair of
Instruments
Surface Water
Discharge
Salinity
Monitoring
Atmosphere –
Land - Ocean
Observation &
Monitoring
The Gambia: www.mofwrnam.gov.gm
Planning,
design & siting
water point
Planning, design
& drilling of
Borehole
Supervision of
well construction
Research &
Applications
Water Sampling
Monitoring
Rural Water
Supply
Data Bank
Ground Water
Level
Monitoring
ANACIM :National Agency for Civil Aviation and
Meteorology
Ministry in charge of Air
Transportation
Director General (PR?)
Secretary
General
ACP
Principal
Accountant
Navigation
Dep. R&D
Meteorology
Dep.
Operating
and
Forecasting
Air
Transportation
Quality and
Norms
Service of Observing network
M. Aero and General Forecasting
Marine Meteorology
3. Mission and Basic Info of NMHS
1) Historical development
2) Current Mission (ToR, Mandate, for example,
climate services, aviation services, hydrological,
marine, environmental, air pollution, etc)
3) Vision statement (if have)
4) Major service clients (agriculture, fishery,
transporation, aviation, climate adapation…
5) Staff, composition (mainly observers,
technicians for observations, instruments and
telecommunications) and competence..
6) Budget & Finance status (optional)
Introduction (example..)
• Three (3) climatological stations were established in
1886
• By 1937 a modest meteorological service was in
West Africa
• In 1957 the Ghana Meteorological Services
Department (MSD) was born
• Then in December 2004, Ghana Meteorological
Agency was established (Act 682)
4. Network of Observations within
Met Services (current status)
• 4.1 Surface stations
– Maps with legend (ex. Guinea, Nigeria,
Senegal.)
– Tables with more details (type-manual or AWS,
observing frequency,etc)
– History of these stations (including those silent
stations)
– …..
RA I Sub-Regional Workshops for WIGOS and
WIS for West Africa
Classical ( Standard ) Stations
6 ( six ) standard stations
Instruments :
- Shelter with dry, wet, maximam
and minimam thermometers
- Heliograph
- Rain gauge
- Evaporation basin
- Rain gauge
Collected data in a booklet, and after stored in
a data base.
RA I Sub-Regional Workshops for WIGOS and
WIS for West Africa
Climatological Automatic Weather Stations
Sensors:
- Ultrassonic wind
- Temp / RH
- Pressure
- Radiation
- Rain Gauge
Comunication :
- Modem ( GPRS Protocol )
Power :
- Solar Panel
- Charger controller
- Battery
Data stored at central station in Sal
RA I Sub-Regional Workshops for WIGOS and
WIS for West Africa
Climatological Automatic Weather Stations
 Fifteen stations around the
islands
 One central station
(receive the datas from all
the fifteen AWS, via the
modem configured for a
SIM card with GPRS
protocol)
 10 minute and daily files
Example: RA I Sub-Regional Workshops for
WIGOS and WIS for West Africa
Aeronautical Automatic Weather Stations
Sensors:
- Ultrassonic wind
- Temp / RH
- Pressure
- Rain Gauge
- Visibility
- Cloud ( Ceilometer )
Comunication :
- VHF Radio
- Modem ( direct link )
Terminals:
- TWR
- METEO
Example: National Met Stations
Network
13.8
Kaur
13.6
Yallal
Kerewan
Banjul
13.4
Kuntaur
Yundum
Sapu Janjanbureh
Jenoi
Saresofi
Fatoto
Karantaba
Basse
Jambanjelly
Sibanor
13.2
-16.5
 Day light stations
 24 hr. stations
Stations closed
-16
-15.5
-15
-14.5
25 Agro-met Rainfall stations
6 Terrestrial AWSs
1 Marine AWS + Tide gauge
The Gambia: www.mofwrnam.gov.gm
-14
W
+350
R Radiosonde
W Radiowind
RW
Data void area , need to densify the network
RW
Few Automated stations purchased
but problem of maintenance, operations, vadalism
W
Example for improvement
• Need improve to
include legend
GMet’s Achievements
• Observation station network
QTY
Number of
Parameters
measured
Automatic OR Manual
SYNOPTIC STATION
22
6
11 Automatic
AGRO-METEOROLOGICAL
52
4
1 Automatic
CLIMATOLOGICAL
61
4
12 Automatic
RAINFALL
225
1
30 Automatic
2
5
Manual
Type of stations
RESEARCH
54 Automatic Weather Stations installed since 2011
GMet’s Achievements
(example for improvement)
• Observation station network
QTY
Number of
Parameters measured
Example
Manual
(obs frequency)
Example
Automatic
(obs. Frequency)
SYNOPTIC STATION
22
6 (T,P,R, W..)
11 (3 hourly)
11 (hourly)
AGROMETEOROLOGICAL
52
4
51 (3 hourly)
1 (hourly)
CLIMATOLOGICAL
61
4
49(6 hourly)
12 (hourly)
RAINFALL
225
1
195(??)
30 (hourly?)
2
5
2 (6 hourly?)
0
Type of stations
RESEARCH
54 Automatic Weather Stations installed since 2011
EXISTING STATION NETWORK
Table 1: Synoptic Weather Stations (use this table gives more detailed info)
S/N
State
Station
Latitude.
Longitude.
altitude variables
Manual Frequency Data
/AWS
(hour1)
collect
means
1
Ogun
2
3
Ondo
4
Abeokuta
07.17
03.33
Ijebu-Ode
06.83
03.93
Akure
07.28
05.30
Ondo
07.10
04.83
5
Osun
Oshogbo
07.78
04.48
6
Oyo
Ibadan
07.43
03.90
7
Iseyin
07.97
03.60
8
Shaki
08.67
03.38
9
Ekiti
Ado-Ekiti
07.65
05.20
10
Lagos
Ikeja
06.58
03.33
Lagos Roof
06.45
03.40
11
12
Abia
Umuahia
05.48
07.55
13
Anambra
Awka
06.20
07.05
14
Ebonyi
Abakaliki
06.33
08.10
15
Enugu
Enugu
06.47
07.55
100
T,U,P,W,R
M
1
R
A
3
A
6
…..
Figure: 3 REPARTITION DES
ACCIDENTS
SUIVANT
LES CAUSES
Distribution
sources
of
(2008)
accidents(2008).
Source DPSPo
12
10
Marine
Stations
8
6
4
2
0
forte
houle
obstacle fauss.
man.
avarie
mat.
panne
ess.
Mauv.
Manip.
Case of March 2013 ~ 20 death
4-day forecast Wave Hs
• Marinemet
Carabane
Saint-Louis
Dakar
Transmitted by GPRS to a Central
Server
Transmitted by ARGOS to the GTS
4. Network of Observations within
Met Services (current status)
• 4.2 Upper air stations (Number, type,
distribution, observing cycle, etc)
– Maps with legend
– Tables with more details
– History of these stations (including these silent
stations)
Remote observations
Radar
Not operating after one year,
since 2006
Difficulty of maintaining Radar
In the process…
+ RETIM, AMESD: environmental data
Upper Air Stations
8
•
Location(s): Kano, Abuja, Calabar, Yola, Jos,
Enugu, Lagos and Maiduguri
Doppler Weather Radars
•
Locations:
Completed sites:
Lagos, Abuja
and PHC
On-going sites:
Kano,Maiduguri, and
Yola.
4. Network of Observations within Met Services
(Indicating number, type, distribution, obs. cycle, history of
stations etc, of the stations, one slide for each type of station)
• 4.3 GAW stations
– Map with legent
– Table with more details (Instrumentation, modeoperational or research, etc)
•
•
•
•
4.4 Hydrological Stations
4.5 Marine observing components (if have)
4.6 Weather Radars
4.7 other remote sensing observing systems (wind
profiles, lightning detection, etc)
• 4.8 Satellite receiving stations
NIMET also has 2 AGROMET stations and collects data from 4 others, located within
institutions of higher learning.
Table 2: Agricultural Meteorology (Agromet) Stations
S/N
State
Station
Status
1
Lagos
Oshodi
Functional
2
Ekiti
Usi-Ekiti
Functional
3
''
University of Jos
Functional
4
Plateau
''
Gindiri Coll. of Education
Functional
5
Imo
NRRI/Uni. of Agric Umudike
Functional
6
Ebonyi
College of Agric. Ishiagu
Functional
The several rainfall stations are also presently at the stage of resuscitation
•
These rainfall stations are manned by voluntary observers, who send their data to
NIMET national collection centre for archiving and quality control.
•
MARINE STATIONS
S/NO
STATION NO.
NAME
1
65205
Lagos
2
65262
Eket
3
65233
Aiyetoro
4
65256
Bonny
5
65266
Calabar
6
65238
Warri
7
65258
PortHarcourt
5. Network of Observations outside
Met Services (current status)
• 5.1 Name of the Partner Organization 1
– Relationship with NMHS
– Maps of station distribution with legend
– Tables with more details (type of observations,
instrumentation, observing frequency, history of those
station, etc)
– Data sharing and exchange status
– Status of collaborations (MoU, agreements,
coordination mechanism, data exchange, etc)
– Compliance with WMO standards and practice
– ……
XXX organization Observing Network
(example for improvement)
• Overview of XX Observation station network
QTY
Number of
Parameters measured
Example
Manual
(obs frequency)
Example
Automatic
(obs. Frequency)
SYNOPTIC STATION
22
6 (T,P,R, W..)
11 (3 hourly)
11 (hourly)
AGROMETEOROLOGICAL
52
4
51 (3 hourly)
1 (hourly)
CLIMATOLOGICAL
61
4
49(6 hourly)
12 (hourly)
RAINFALL
225
1
195(??)
30 (hourly?)
2
5
2 (6 hourly?)
0
Type of stations
RESEARCH
5. Network of Observations outside
Met Services (current status)-cont.
• 5.2 Name of the Partner Organization 2
– Relationship with NMHS
– Map of station distribution with legend
– Table with more details (type of observations,
instrumentation, observing frequency, history of the
station,etc)
– Data share and exchange status
– Status of collaborations (MoU, agreements,
coordination mechanism, data exchange, etc)
– Compliance with WMO standards and practice
– ……
National Hydro Stations Network
The Gambia: www.mofwrnam.gov.gm
Table 5: Automatic Weather Observation Stations (AWOS) Owned by Nat. Hydrological Agency
S/N Location
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
State
LGA
Government
FCT
Secondary School,
Kubwa
Bwari
Federal University
of Agriculture,
Abeokuta
FUT Owerri
Abeokuta
Ogun
Long
3o20’54”
Lat
7o9’39”
Owerri
North
06o59’848”
05o22’800”
Waziri/Umaru
Kebbi
Federal
Polytechnic, Birnin
Kebbi
College of
Benue
Education,
Katsina-Ala
Federal University, Jigawa
Dutse
Birnin
Kebbi
4.2003
12.4536
Federal University,
Afikpo
Ebonyi
Afikpo
North
7o56’
Federal University
of Technology,
Yola
Adamawa
Jimeta
12o27’36”
Imo
KatsinaAla
Dutse
9o20’31”
11o42’04”
5o53’
9o13’48”
Parameter measured
Status
Precipitation,
Atmospheric
Temperature
Functional
Precipitation,
Atmospheric
Temperature
Precipitation,
Atmospheric
Temperature
Precipitation,
Atmospheric
Temperature
Precipitation,
Atmospheric
Temperature
Precipitation,
Atmospheric
Temperature
Precipitation,
Atmospheric
Temperature
Precipitation,
Atmospheric
Temperature
Pressure,
Functional
Pressure,
Not
Pressure, functional
Functional
Pressure,
Functional
Pressure,
Functional
Pressure,
Functional
Pressure,
Functional
Pressure,
Stations operated by Deutscher
Wetterdienst (main stations)

4 Regional Oberserving Network Groups
Hamburg, Potsdam, Offenbach, Munich
 68 Stations with professional Observers,
38 occupied 00-24 UTC, 30 only daytime
48 measuring radioactivity (air+precipitation)
28 RBSN Stations
12 Climate Reference (conventional
Equipment)
4 GSN-Stations (GCOS)
1 GUAN Station
1 GAW Station
 112 Automated Weather Stations with full
equipment
 17 Weather Radar Stations
 9 Aerological Stations (4 autolaunchers, 1
ozone)

DWD September 2012
4 Wind Profilers
 +35 Stations of Bundeswehr Geoinformation
Service
Additional Stations operated by DWD and Partners
1787 Voluntary Stations (climate; wind; precip),
1367 reporting online (24/1 reports per day)
Ship-based:
 844 Voluntary Observing Ships (VOS)
 19 Ship (AWS) (24 reports/day)
Last but not least …:
1304 Phenological Stations (observing plants)
1500 (approx) Partner stations (motorways,
fed.states, wind energy, (nuclear) power-plants,
university, military)
DWD September 2012
6. Data collection, representative,
exchange, and management
• 6.1 Data collection means (manual or auto)
• 6.2 Data representative (BUFR, or ..)
• 6.3 Data exchange (vis GTS, or others,
timeliness, etc)
• 6.4 Data management
• 6.5 Historical data rescue
• 6.6 …..
DATA TRANSMISSION
e-Met Message Transmiter
 Located at 22 stations
 For transmission of real time data to collection
centre
 Other stations transmit their data through GSM
Zonal Data
Center
Intranet
Zonal Data
Center
Intranet
 The national collection centre sends all messages
through
Niamey
to
world
collection
centre.(Toulouse)
 Presently, we are planning to pass
Nairobi for more effective transmission.
Zonal Data
Center
Intranet
A
M
D
S
C
li
e
n
A t
M
D
S
S
e
r
v
e
r
through
National Data
Center Intranet
Zonal Data
Center
Intranet
Zonal Data
Center
Intranet
Zonal Data
Center
Intranet
7. Data applications & examples
• 7.1 observational data utilization in real
time disaster monitoring
• 7.2 data assimilation in NWP model
• 7.3 data utilization in climate monitoring
• 7.4 data utilization in met services (for info
• 7.5 data utilization in economic sectors
• 7.6…
8. Key achievements, opportunities and
challenges
• 8.1 Key achievements
– Strength
– Recent developments…
• 8.2 New opportunities
– Your understanding of WIGOS/WIS as a opportunity
– Other WMO Priorities as new opportunity (GFCS, DRR,
Capacity Development,etc)
– Your National Societal and economic development as New
development opportunity
• 8.3 Major challenges
–
–
–
–
Weakness
major difficulty areas
potential risks
Etc..
Example: GMet’s Strengths
GMet’s operations are carried out within the framework
of a Corporate Strategic Plan. That Plan shows that the
GMet possesses a number of operational resources.
These include:
•
A basic national network of weather monitoring
facilities
•
A competent technical and professional staff
•
A dynamic Workers Union that is highly desirous of
witnessing an improvement in the service delivery capacity of
GMet and in the working conditions of the Workers
•Increase in the number and type of Stakeholders and complex
service requests
GMet’s Challenges and Weaknesses
The constraints are of an infrastructural, logistical and
human resource kind. Their removal requires greater
stakeholder support and collaboration, and, above all,
imaginative ways of generating funds.
• Inadequate budget and difficulties in Cost Recovery
from service delivery for implementation of Strategic
Plans
• Inadequate Professional staff especially in the
Operational areas.
• Non existent marine observation network
• Poor Producer-User interface for effective Climate Info
use.
• Non existent Feedback networks to raise skill levels in
weather and climate information and prediction
• Lack of outreach programs for weather and Climate
information and prediction.
Example of NIMET
9. Future plans -5-10 year horizon
• 9.1 New opportunities (like GFCS, UNFCCC,
sustainable development) for new observational
requirements
• 9.2 New national economic sectors development
• 9.3 Existing or potential future plans for
improving observation and telecommunication
networks
• 9.4 planned collaborations with partners
• …
PROPOSED WEATHER MONITORING NETWORKS
Table 6: Synoptic Stations at 774 Locations (Automatic Weather Observing Stations (AWOS))
CURRENT
NUMBER OF
STATIONS
S/N
STATES
NO. OF LGA
1
2
ABIA
ADAMAWA
18
21
3
AKWA IBOM
31
2
4
5
6
7
8
ANAMBRA
BAUCHI
BAYELSA
BENUE
BORNO
21
19
8
23
26
1
1
1
1
1
9
CROSS RIVER
18
5
10
DELTA
25
1
1
5
NIMET
STATIONS
RECOMMEN
DED NEW
GSM
ENABLED
AWS
UMUAHIA
YOLA
UYO
EKET
18
21
AWKA
BAUCHI
YENOGOA
MAKURDI
MAIDUGURI
CALABAR 1
CALABAR 2
IKOM, OGOJA,
&
OBUDU
21
19
8
23
26
ASABA
WARRI
REMARKS
To cover many parts of the state
31
18
25
To cover many parts of the state
To cover many parts of the state
To cover many parts of the state
To cover many parts of the state
Cooperation with our stakeholders
• Water Resources Commission
-Development of Guidelines for National Dam Safety Unit
- Climate change adaptation project (Northern Ghana)
- Dev’t of Flood Forecasting Model over White Volta Basin
MOFA: Seasonal Forecasts and Dekadal data for Agric use.
• VRA : provision of vital weather and climate information for
monitoring of Volta Lake for hydropower generation.
• NADMO/HSD: GMet provides expert support for Disaster Risk
Reduction and a 24/7 weather alert services.
• GCAA: Services for safe and secure Air Navigation
• GACL: Safe landing and airport capacity including pre-departure
weather briefs to pilots.
• GIZ: Agric Crop Insurance for farmers.
10. Key recommendations
10.1 Political level recommendation (see example) (to
WMO, RA I, Government, etc)
10.2 Policy and management level recommendations
– recommendations for promoting synergy within Met
Services
– Recommendation for promoting collaboration with
partners within Nation (mechanism, )
– Recommendation for improving collaborations within subregion or whole region (mechanisms, feasible changes)
10.3 Technical recommendations
10.4 Recommendation for promote communication &
outreach
10,5 Recommendation for capacity development
….
Recommendations and Way Forward
• Urgent need to amend Act 682 to address key issues like legal framework
on funding and resource mobilization for the Agency.
• The development of relevant and adequate human capital in the Agency
especially in areas such as:
• Public Weather Service and Disaster risk reduction
 Climate change studies and research
 Aeronautical Meteorology
 Climate modelling and downscaling
 Extreme value analysis for Weather parameters
 Marine and Agro Meteorology
 Numerical Weather Prediction
to meet emerging Industry needs.
• Provisioning of adequate infrastructural facilities.
Engineering a platform for accurate and timely delivery of Climate and
weather information for planning and policy formulation and feedback
loops
World Meteorological Organization
• WMO support continues to be needed
urgently
• Bilateral networking to be constructed
facilitated by WMO
• Learning from best practices from other WMO
MEMBER COUNTRIES
Costs – Benefits of meteorological
investments – CBS TECO
• An estimate in China: a benefit-cost ratio between 35 and 40 (G.
Zhang and Wang 2003).
• Mozambique Met Service: estimated to have a benefit-cost ratio
of 70 (World Bank 2008).
• Some European and Asian countries: The ratio of the economic
benefits vs costs of met-services modernization programs vary
between 2.1 to 14.4 for (World Bank 2008).
• U.S. National Weather Service benefits vs modernization more
than threefold (Lazo, Teisberg, and Weiher 2007).
• A Canadian study: gross value of weather forecasting and services
to be approximately $1.2 billion/year (Ekos 2007) .
11. Conclusion
In Conclusion (example of Nigeria)
• Nigeria has:
54 Synoptic stations
2 Agromet stations
8 Upper air stations
7 Marine stations
6 Radar stations
•
has MOU with other stakeholders having:
4 Agromet stations
8 AWOS
70 Hydrological stations
To address the critical gaps:
• To add 1000 stations
• Resuscitate 500 rainfall stations
• Resuscitate 1 GAW station
• Resuscitate 1 ozone station
• And collaborate with more stakeholders on meteorological data sharing.