Transcript Photosynthesis Review Chapter 8 Plants “look green” because they reflect _____________ green wavelengths of light. absorb reflect Photosynthesis in plants takes place inside which organelle? chloroplasts.

Photosynthesis
Review
Chapter 8
Plants “look green” because they
reflect
_____________
green wavelengths of light.
absorb
reflect
Photosynthesis in plants takes place
inside which organelle?
chloroplasts
He carefully measured the seed, water ,
and soil and concluded that the increase
in mass of the plant came from water.
__________________
Jan van Helmont
http://www.nofretete-page.de/gemischtNeu/TN_plant_grow_w.JPG
He knew that a plant in a bell jar
would generate “good” air.
Joseph Priestly
________________
http://www2.nsta.org/Energy/find/primer/primer2_8.html
pigment is a molecule (like
A _________________
chlorophyll) that absorbs energy and is used
by green plants to absorb sunlight.
Name the two types of chlorophyll
Chlorophyll b
________________
Chlorophyll a & _________________
Absorption of Light by
Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b
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Pearson Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.
Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll a
Which wavelengths
of light do
chlorophyll a and
chlorophyll b
absorb best?
Blue-violet and red wavelengths
He showed Priestley’s experiment only
worked if the plant
got light
Jan Ingenhousz
http://www2.nsta.org/Energy/find/primer/primer2_8.html
He earned the Nobel prize for
determining the biochemical
pathway used to make glucose
Melvin Calvin
http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1961/calvin-bio.html
Absorption of Light by
Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll a
© Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as
Pearson Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.
Which wavelength
of light does
Chlorophyll a and
chlorophyll b
Absorb the least?
They do not
absorb green
light.
Name the molecule used by living
things to store and transfer energy
=___________________________
ATP/adenosine triphosphate
This scientist further investigated Joseph
Priestly’s plant under the bell jar experiment.
He determined that light was needed to generate
oxygen.
Jan Ingenhousz
Set of chemical reactions in which the product of
one reaction goes on to be the reactant in the
next reaction
biochemical pathway
Use words to fill in the overall chemical reaction for
photosynthesis.
Carbon
dioxide
water
Sugars + __________
oxygen
___________+___________
__________
Land plants get the carbon dioxide needed
for photosynthesis from the
_____________
atmosphere
Where do water plants like algae get their
CO2? From the water in which they live
Name the high energy electron carrier that
picks up electrons and H+ ions when water is
split. NADP+
heterotroph
This organism is a _____________.
autotroph
heterotroph
Image from: http://www.entm.purdue.edu/wildlife/chipmunk_pictures.htm
#1
Photosynthesis
#2
Name the 2 sets of reactions that make
up photosynthesis:
Light-Dependent Reactions
#1 is called ___________________.
#2 is called ________________.
Calvin Cycle
(or Light-independent Reactions)
#1
Light Dependent
Reactions
#2
#3
Photosynthesis
Label the reactants and products for the
Light dependent reactions
SUNLIGHT and WATER
#1 = __________________
ATP and NADPH
#2 = __________________
Oxygen
#3 = __________________
#2
#1
Calvin
CYCLE
Photosynthesis
#3
Label the reactants and products
for the Calvin cycle
ATP & NADPH
#1 = __________________
carbon dioxide
#2 = __________________
Sugars
#3 = __________________
Space surrounding the thylakoids is called
the _______________.
stroma
grana
Stacks of thylakoids are called ________.
If you were talking about only one of these
granum
you would call it a ______________
The main photosynthetic pigment in
chlorophyll
green plants = ___________________
The clusters of proteins in the
thylakoid membrane that collect
PHOTOSYSTEMS
light are called ________________
Where does the Calvin cycle happen?
In the stroma
A protein that helps chemical reactions
happen faster in living things is called
an _______________
enzyme
TRUE or FALSE
The Calvin cycle requires light.
FALSE: It is light INDEPENDENT
Light-Dependent Reactions break apart
________
and give off _______
water
oxygen gas.
This stack of membrane sacs is called
granum
a ________________
Which part of photosynthesis
happens here?
Light dependent reactions
This space around the
grana is called
stroma
the _____________
Which part of photosynthesis happens
here? Calvin cycle
http://www.rnzih.org.nz/images/gardenimages/carrots_d.jpg
Carotenoids
______________
are
plant pigments that
are orange or yellow
instead of green
An organism that can make its own
food like a green plant is called an
_______________
autotroph
Molecules that interact in a chemical
reaction that are written on the left
side of a chemical equation are called
________________
reactants
An organism that CAN’T make its
own food and must get its energy
from consuming other organisms
heterotroph
Reactions of photosynthesis that use
light energy to produce ATP and
NADPH
Light-dependent reactions
Large protein in the thylakoid membrane
that uses energy from H+ ions to join
ADP and a phosphate group to make ATP
ATP synthase
An organism like a green plant that
can make its own food
AUTOTROPH
Molecule made of ribose, adenine, and
3 phosphates used by living things to
store and release energy
ATP
Pigments that are yellow or orange not
green
carotenoids
Clusters of light collecting
proteins found in the thylakoid
photosystems
membrane
Space surrounding the thylakoids
inside a chloroplast
stroma
Process by which plants and some
other organisms use sunlight to
convert water and carbon dioxide
(CO2) into oxygen (O2) and high
energy carbohydrates
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Stack of thylakoid membranes
GRANUM (pl. GRANA)
The change in shape of a protein at
extremes of temperature or pH
denaturing
6 carbon sugar molecule that is
the main product of photosynthesis
and is used as the fuel burned by
cells
glucose
Reactions of photosynthesis in which
energy from ATP and NADPH is used to
build high energy sugar molecules
Calvin cycle
Negatively charged particle found
circling the nucleus of an atom
electron
Positively charged particle found in
the nucleus of an atom
proton
Cell organelle containing thylakoid
stacks where photosynthesis happens
chloroplast
In which part of photosynthesis is
oxygen produced?
Light-dependent reactions
Particle without an electric charge
found in the nucleus of a atom
neutron
Atoms that have gained or lost electrons so
they have an electric charge
IONS
Movement of molecules from higher
concentration to lower concentration
until equilibrium is reached diffusion
Molecules that are produced during a
chemical reaction that are written on
the right side of a chemical equation
products
High energy electron carrier which
receives electrons and H+ ions when
water splits during the light
dependent reaction
NADP+
Difference in concentration in one
place compared to another
Concentration gradient
Group of membrane proteins that
transfers electrons between
Photosystem II and I during the
light-dependent reaction of
photosynthesis
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
Label molecules of the light dependent
reactions.
A = ___________________
PHOTOSYSTEM II
Electron Transport Chain
B = ___________________
C = ___________________
PHOTOSYSTEM I
ATP Synthase
D = ___________________
Which ion moves across the membrane
to power the ATP synthase enzyme to
add a phosphate to ADP?
H+ (Hydrogen ion)
Where do the carbon atoms come
from that end up in carbohydrates
made by the Calvin cycle?
Carbon dioxide
Which gas that we need is given off
during photosynthesis? oxygen
Where do H+ ions build up as water is
broken down and the light dependent
reactions are happening?
Thylakoid space
Where to does the ATP and NADPH
produced during the light-dependent
phase end up?
It is used by the Calvin cycle to make sugar
Label reactants and products for photosynthesis:
WATER
#1 = ___________________
OXYGEN
#2 = ___________________
#3 = ___________________
Carbon dioxide
SUGAR
#4 = ___________________
Light energy
#5 = ___________________
Which molecule is broken to provide
the H+ to make NADPH?
H2O
Which molecule spins as H+ ions pass
through to the other side of the
membrane?
ATP synthase
Give the chemical symbol for these
biologically important atoms & ions:
C
Carbon _____
Hydrogen ____
H
O
Oxygen ____
Nitrogen ____
N
P
Phosphorus ____
Hydrogen ion
+
H
___
Heterotroph
This organism is a(n) _____________.
autotroph
heterotroph
Fungi get their energy
by absorbing nutrients
from dead organisms.
Many enzymes have this ending on
-ASE
their names = _________
Name 2 factors that can affect the
rate of photosynthesis.
Temperature, availability of water,
and light intensity
What do you think would happen to
the rate of photosynthesis on a
cloudy day?
It would be slower than on a sunny day
How many phosphate groups are in
a molecule of ADP? 2
Write the equation for changing
ADP into ATP.
ADP + P + energy → ATP
What compounds are formed from
carbon dioxide during the Calvin
cycle?
sugars
Which part of photosynthesis can
continue at night?
Calvin cycle
Another name for the Calvin cycle
Light INDEPENDENT reactions
How are photosystem I and II alike?
Both are light dependent
Both use light to energize electrons
How are they different?
II- splits water molecules
I- NADPH is made
autotroph
This organism is a(n) _____________.
autotroph
heterotroph
Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis
6 CO2
6H O
2
___________+___________
→
CH O
6 O2
6 12 6 + __________
__________
This reaction shows how cells
_______________
energy
STORE
STORE
RELEASE
Image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006
Tell which molecule the H in NADPH originally comes
from.
NADPH
Comes from H2O
when water is split
http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/glycogen.jpg
Animal cells store their glucose
glycogen
as _______________
Starch
Glycogen
Image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006
This reaction shows how cells
RELEASE energy
_______________
STORE
RELEASE
Label A and B
Thylakoid space (space inside thylakoid sac)
A = ______________________
stroma
B = ______________________
Image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006
Label the parts of this chloroplast
A (individual membrane sac) = _________________
thylakoid
Thylakoid space
B (space inside the sac) = _____________________
Granum (pl. grana)
C (stack) = __________________
stroma
D (space surrounding the sacs) = ________________
cytoplasm
E (space outside the chloroplast) = ________________
Image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006
Plant cells store their glucose
starch
as _______________
http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/Biol115/Wyatt/default.htm
Starch
Glycogen
Image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006
This reaction shows how cells
RELEASE energy
_______________
STORE
RELEASE
How many molecules of CO2 are
needed to make 1 molecule of
glucose?
6
Write the equation showing how
NADP+ becomes NADPH.
NADP + + high energy e- + H+ ions→ NADPH
Name this molecule used to store and transport energy
ATP-adenosine triphosphate
Label the parts of this molecule
adenine
A = ______________________
Ribose sugar
B = ______________________
Phosphate groups
C = ______________________
Image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006
Tell which molecule each of the atoms that end up in
glucose originally came from:
C6H12O6
CO2
_______
H2O
________
CO
2
_________