Transcript Informal document No. GRE-65-30 (65th GRE, 28-31 March 2011, agenda item 5(d)) Analysis of the influence of aiming, on visibility distance and glare Poland 65 GRE,

Informal document No. GRE-65-30
(65th GRE, 28-31 March 2011,
agenda item 5(d))
Analysis of the influence of aiming,
on visibility distance and glare
Poland
65 GRE, 29 March 2011
Dr EngTomasz Targosinski
OBLIGATORY AUTOMATIC LEVELLING ?
Is it really needed?
If yes – why and when?
For what kind of lights or vehicles
and why ?
AUTOMATIC LEVELLING
AT PRESENT - DESIGN ORIENTED
REQUIREMENT
- 2000 lm (artificial arbitrary criterion)
- Gas discharge (35W, 25W?)
- LED
No relation to performance
Requirements concerning aiming
(Reg. 48 - mounting height)
6.2.4.2. In height: not less than 500 mm and not
more than 1,200 (1,500) mm above the ground.
Requirements concerning aiming
(R 48 limits for aiming)
6.2.6.1.2. Depending on the mounting height (...)
the vertical inclination of the cut-off (...) shall, under all static conditions
of Annex 5, remain between the
• h < 0.8;
0.8 < h < 1.0;
h > 1.0;
h > 1.2
• limits: between ... and ...
• initial aiming: between ... and ...
• The above limits and the initial aiming values are summarized in the
diagram ...
VISIBILITY DISTANCE
HOW IT DEPENDS ON AIMING ?
CUT-OFF on the road
75R on the road
High illumination zone responsible for road
illumination
Expected aiming
h=0.75m
i=1.0%
 75m
Visibility distance
Lowest limit of aiming tolerance in.Reg.48
h=0.5m i=2.5%
20m
Minimum visibility distance
Highest limit of aiming tolerance in Reg.48
h=1.0m i=0.5%
200m
Maximim visibility distance
REGULATORY (Reg.48) VISIBILITY DISTANCE [m]
REGULATORY VISIBILITY DISTANCE [m]
Real sizes and distances
200m
100m
20m
0m
Possible range of visibility distances in Reg 48.
PRESENT SITUATION
Automatic or manual levelling in Reg. 48
allow passing beam to illuminate road
at the distance from 20m to 200m
BRAKING DISTANCE
30 km/h .... 20m
60 km/h ........ 50m
90 km/h ................ 100 m
110 km/h ........................ 140m
130 km/h ................................ 190m
1-st CONCLUSION :
If you do not know the technical details about
the design of your vehicle, the safe speed for
vehicles equipped with
type approved passing beam (Reg. 48) is:
30 km/h
(20m visibility distance)
In the Reg. 48 there should be a requirement:
There should be a note in the car, located in the
easily visible place:
„SAFE USE OF HEADLAMP DURING NIGHTIME
IN THIS VEHICLE IS RESTRICTED
TO MAXIMUM SPEED OF ... [30km/h]”
...unless the manufacturer declares differently
(In the Reg. 48 type approval ?)
FREEDOM OF CHOICE IN TECHNICAL SOLUTION,
BUT RESPONSIBILITY SHOULD REST
WITH THE MANUFACTURERS
FREEDOM, CLEAR INFORMATION
AND RESPONIBILITY FOR THE CHOICE AND USE
BY VEHICLE USERS
AIMING AND ROAD ILLUMINATION
IN THE REAL CONDITIONS
Reg. 48 p.6.2.6.1.2. requirements + incorrect initial aiming
+ incorrect position of manual levelling device
Reg. 48 p.6.2.6.1.2. requirements – no levelling device influence
+ influence of bulbs and headlamps mass production tolerances and aiming
procedure
2-nd CONCLUSION:
The safe speed (passing beam)
for most vehicles ( 80%)
on the road with optimally adjusted headlamps
could be :
50 km/h and even more
Responsibility:
vehicle manufacturer (& garage)
STATISTICS ARE OF NO USE FOR
PERSONAL SAFETY
IF ACCIDENT AFFECTS YOU
PERSONALLY, STATISTICS HAS NO
MEANING!
STATISTICS ARE USEFUL FOR COST
CALCULATION
Obstacles on the road / close to the road
Obstacles on the road / close to the road
Obstacles on the road / close to the road
Obstacles on the road / close to the road
Obstacles on the road / close to the road
Obstacles on the road / close to the road
Obstacles on the road / close to the road
How often do you happen to see
so many obstacles on the empty
road?
But what then, if it happens?
AUTOMATIC LEVELLING ?
MANUFACTURER FREEDOM
MANUFACTURER RESPONSIBILITY
„SAFE USE OF HEADLAMP DURING NIGHTIME
IN THIS VEHICLE IS RESTRICTED
TO MAXIMUM SPEED OF ... [30km/h]”
...if manufacturer does not declare differently in Reg.
48 type approval
Most frequent situation...
...when passing beams are used
Visibility distance is not important
IF ACCIDET AFFECTS YOU PERSONALLY
STATISTICS HAS NO MEANING!
Regulations should take into
account the worst case
INFLUENCE OF AIMING ON
GLARE
(The only subject of discussion)
Glare regulatory requirements
ILLUMINATION ON GLARE EXPOSED EYES
PRESENTLY INCLUDED IN REGULATIONS
112, 98, 123
ILLUMINATION ON GLARE EXPOSED EYES
(Nominal aim and mounting height)
large variations
ILLUMINATION AT THE GLARE EXPOSED EYES
for the same headlamp in height and levelling tolerances of Reg. 48
50 cm
1%D
50 cm
0.5%D
80 cm
1%D
80 cm
0.5%D
100 cm
1.0%D
HEADLAMP „A”
100 cm
0.5%D
120 cm
2.5%D
ILLUMINATION AT THE GLARE EXPOSED EYES
for the same headlamp in height and levelling tolerances of Reg. 48
120 cm
1%D
100 cm
0.5%D
HEADLAMP „B”
80 cm
1.0%D
ILLUMINATION ON GLARE EXPOSED EYES
Important area on the hand right side
(Damasky)
Right curve phenomenon
increased glare - reduced visibility
SHORT TIME – HIGH RISK - THE WORST CASE
glare sensitivity for aiming
– headlamps of different design
0,00
5,00
10,00
15,00
20,00
25,00
30,00
1&2
1 & 2 -0,3%
1 & 2 +0,3%
5&6
5 & 6 -0,3%
HIGH GLARE ILLUMINATION
HIGH LEVELLING SESITIVITY
5 & 6 +0,3%
3&4
3 & 4 -0,3%
3 & 4 +0,3%
LOW ILLUMINATION
LOW SESITIVITY
9 & 10
9 & 10 -0,3%
9 & 10 +0,3%
15 & 16
TRIAL R
15 & 16 -0,3%
15 & 16 +0,3%
7&8
7 & 8 -0,3%
7 & 8 +0,3%
13 & 14
13 & 14 -0,3%
13 & 14 +0,3%
11 & 12
HIGH SENSITIVITY
11 & 12 -0,3%
11 & 12 +0,3%
25 & 26
25 & 26 -0,3%
25 & 26 +0,3%
WHAT WILL HAPPEN WHEN MANUAL
LEVELLING DEVICE WILL BE
INCORRECTLY USED ?
MANUAL LEVELLIND DEVICE NOT PROPERLY USED
(e.g. IN INITIAL POSITION BY MAKSIMUM BACK LOAD)
i=0.5% UP
ILLUMINATION AT THE GLARE EXPOSED EYES
BY INCORRECT USE OF MANUAL LEVELLING
STANDARD HALOGEN HEADLAMP
EFFECTIVE GAS DISCHARGE HEADLAMP
•Some tests showed that the use of xenon lights
contribute to decreasing the number of accidents.
•Perhaps, it concerns obligatory use of automatic
levelling and not only higher luminous flux?...
WHAT IS BETTER FOR SAFETY?
20m
200m
MANUAL LEVELLING FOR ALL HEADSLAMPS?
AUTOMATIC LEVELLING FOR ALL HEADLAMPS?
SOMETHING ELSE?
Proposal for amendments in Reg. 48
ROAD ILLUMUNATION
Modify description of initial aiming and imits.
6.2.6.1.2. Depending on the mounting height in metres
(h) of the dipped-beam headlamp reference axis the
vertical inclination of the cut-off of the dipped beam,
(in the direction of the reference axis) measured on
the unladen vehicles, taking in account 0.1 per cent
accuracy, shall have the value of initial aiming for
which the horizontal part of cut-off crosses the
surface of flat horizontal road at the distance of 75 m
from the headlamp.
The aiming limits under all static conditions of Annex
5 should be such that the distance of crossing of
vertical part of cut-off with road surface shall remains
between [50m] and [100m]
PROPOSAL:
- Initial aiming for 75m CUT-OFF position
- Aiming tollerance for CUT-OFF position from 50m to 100m
100m
75m
50m
Proposal for amendments in Reg. 48
GLARE CONDITIONS
6.2.6.1.3. Under all static conditions of Annex 5 all
photometric values for glare zones required by the
respective Regulations (zone III for Regulations Nos.
112 and 123, on and above line H/H2, or on and above
line H/H3/H4 for Regulation No. 98) shall be not more
[50 per cent] than required in the respective
Regulations. The measuring conditions should be as
described in relevant Regulation based at the
measuring screen centre (H-V) located at height of
headlamp reference axis and in vertical plane
including headlamp reference axis.
GLARE CONDITIONS
h
25m
CENTRE OF MEASURING SCREEN (H-V) SHOULD BE AT
HEADLAMP AXIS
ALL HEADLAMPS AIMED 1.0% DOWN OR MORE
AUTOMATICALLY MEET THE REQUIREMENT
For higher aiming the glare requirements can be
checked during headlamp type approval, for maximum
alloved value of aiming.
AUTOMATIC LEVELLING (AL)
• AL SHOULD BE INDEPENDENT FROM LIGHT SOURCE,
LUMINOUS FLUX ETC.
• INSTALLING OF AL SHOULD BE LEFT TO
MANUFACTURER DECISION AND SHOULD ONLY DEPEND
ON FULFILLING PHOTOMETRIC REQUIREMENTS.
MANUFACTURER FREEDOM
MANUFACTURER RESPONSIBILITY
MANUAL LEVELLING ?
Why not? - but the driver ought to be informed about the
maximum safe speed and that incorrect use of the
manual levelling can cause glare and/or restrict visibility
„SAFE USE OF HEADLAMP DURING NIGHTIME
IN THIS VEHICLE IS RESTRICTED
TO MAXIMUM SPEED OF ... [30km/h]”
...if manufacturer does not declare differently during Reg. 48
type approval
CUSTOMER FREEDOM
CUSTOMER CHOICE !
HIGH SPEED OR PRICE?
THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION