Transcript Subject : Game Design and Development Genre-Spesific Game Design Issues and Computer Game Development kuliah #2

Subject
: Game Design and Development
Genre-Spesific Game Design Issues
and
Computer Game Development
kuliah #2
Genre-Spesific Game Design Issues
Introduction
• used to categorize video games based on their
gameplay interaction rather than visual or
narrative differences
• a video game genre is defined by a set of
gameplay challenges
• they are classified independent of their setting
or game-world content
Game Genre
• Action
– requires players to use quick reflexes, accuracy,
and timing to overcome obstacles
– the most basic of gaming genres, and certainly
one of the broadest
– action games tend to have gameplay with
emphasis on combat
– subgenres of action games, such as fighting games
and first-person shooters
Game Genre Cont’d
• Action-Adventurer
– combine elements of their two
component genres, typically
featuring long-term obstacles
that must be overcome using a
tool or item as leverage (which
is collected earlier), as well as
many smaller obstacles almost
constantly in the way, that
require elements of action
games to overcome
– tend to focus on exploration
and usually involve item
gathering, simple puzzle
solving, and combat
Game Genre Cont’d
• Adventurer
– describes a manner of gameplay without reflex
challenges or action
– normally require the player to solve various puzzles by
interacting with people or the environment, most
often in a non-confrontational way
– not defined by story or content
– considered a "purist" genre and tends to exclude
anything which includes action elements beyond a
mini game
Game Genre Cont’d
• Role Playing Game
– Most cast the player in the role of one or more
"adventurers" who specialize in specific skill sets (such
as melee combat or casting magic spells) while
progressing through a predetermined storyline
– Many involve maneuvering these character(s) through
an overworld, usually populated with monsters, that
allows access to more important game locations, such
as towns, dungeons, and castles
Game Genre Cont’d
• Role Playing Game
– Cultural differences in role-playing video games have
caused RPGs to tend towards two sets of
characteristics sometimes referred to as Western and
Eastern RPGs
– Western RPGs : involves the player creating a
character and a non-linear storyline along which the
player makes his own decisions
– Eastern RPGs : the player controls a party of
predefined characters through a dramatically scripted
linear storyline
Game Genre Cont’d
• Simulation
– generally designed to closely simulate aspects of a
real or fictional reality
– Sub Category :
• Construction and management simulation : type of
simulation game which task players to build, expand or
manage fictional communities or projects with limited
resources. Example : SimCity, Caesar
• Life Simulation : involve living or controlling one or more
artificial lives. A life simulation game can revolve around
individuals and relationships, or it could be a simulation of
an ecosystem. Example : SimLife
Game Genre Cont’d
• Strategy
– focus on gameplay requiring careful and skillful
thinking and planning in order to achieve victory
– generally take one of four archetypal forms,
depending on whether the game is turn-based or realtime and whether the game's focus is upon strategy or
military tactics
– many strategy games are gradually moving away from
turn based systems to more real-time systems
– 4X refers to a genre of strategy video game with four
primary goals: eXplore, eXpand, eXploit and
eXterminate
Game Genre Cont’d
• Vehicle Simulation
– a genre of video games which attempt to provide
the player with a realistic interpretation of
operating various kinds of vehicles
Computer Game Development
Bina Nusantara University
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Game Development Phase
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Pre-production phase
Mainstream production phase
Project milestones
Testing
Release to manufacturing
Patch-based maintenance
Pre-production Phase
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General game idea or design
Back-story
Concept artwork
Storyboards
Game-play elements
Working prototype demonstrating key game features.
Mainstream production phase
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Software designing
Implementing the game engine, sound engine, or 3D engine.
Implementing networking components.
Implementing input control.
Creating game assets such as textures, interface elements, 3D
models.
• Adding game-play elements such as artificial intelligence, cut
scene, in-game dialog.
• Producing game’s audio
Project Milestone
• Pre-alpha version
• A lot of functional and asset/content-based decisions still have to be
made.
• Alpha version
• Satisfies most of the project goals and requirements while still requiring
extensive testing and debugging.
• Beta version
• Generally has numerous bugs, stability and compatibility issues.
• Released to selected group (closed beta) as opposed to a larger
community group (open beta)
• Release Candidates
• Very close to the final game release but still need some extensive testing
to ensure that no fatal bugs are present.
Common Game Milestone Release Stages
Pre-Alpha
Alpha
Beta
Released Candidate
General Availability Release
Testing
• Unit testing
• Primarily done by programmers themselves
• Functional testing
• Based on scripts targeted at groups of classes
• Focus on user requirements and performance constraints.
• Automated testing
• Focus on the generation of test units reflecting the existing
programming units.
• Is conducted concurrently throughout the implementation
phase.
Software Patches
• Patching is the most common form of maintaining and updating
computer games.
• Ensure that software regression doesn’t occur when patch is
released.
• Patches are not solely used for the correction of bugs and are
often released to improve or change some game-play elements.
Game Software Development Techniques and Methodologies
• Sequential Software Development: Waterfall Model.
• Iterative Software Development: The Rational Unified
Process.
• Extreme Programming: Agile Software Development.
Game Development Tools
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Design Document Templates
Development Tools Software
• Rational Rose
3D Modeling Software
• Autodesk’s 3D Studio Max, Maya
2D Modeling Software
• Adobe Photoshop.
Game Development Tools
• Sound sampling and digital processing
• Sound Forge Xp
• Music Sequencing Software
• Cakewalk
• Integrated Development Environment
• Microsoft Visual Studio
• Accelerators
• OpenGL, DirectX.
• Programming utilities
• FX Composers
• Standard Development Kit (SDK)
In-house Tools
• Level Editors
• Q3Radiant for Quake-3 by Id Software
• Game Engine
• Torque
• Unreal Engine
Discussion
Game engine license policies.