Newborn Screening - Heelstick



Required by Indiana law (Indiana Code 16-41-17)

   Early detection & early treatment of newborn screening disorders: Lessens severity of complications Improves quality of life     Lack of early detection & treatment can lead to: Severe mental retardation Inadequate growth & development Death



Ensure

that every newborn in Indiana receives state-mandated screening for all designated conditions  Includes screening for hearing loss  Includes pulse oximetry screening for critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) 

Maintain

  centralized program to ensure that: Infants who test positive for screened condition(s) receive appropriate diagnosis & treatment Families receive genetic counseling 

Promote

genetic services, public awareness, & education concerning genetic conditions

Three Required Screens

 Heelstick  Early Hearing Detection & Intervention (EHDI)  Pulse oximetry screening for critical congenital heart disease (CCHD)

 Collect heelstick specimen per Indiana collection guidelines  After 48 hours of age and after 24 hours of protein feed for non-NICU infants  Per NICU routine re-screening guidelines for NICU infants  For infants who are discharged prior to receiving a valid heelstick OR for any repeat screen:   Notify infant’s parents & PCP that infant will require repeat NBS Notify IU NBS Lab & ISDH if parents cannot be contacted  For infants who are born at a facility other than a licensed hospital:  Midwife or physician in attendance should refer infant to appropriate facility for NBS  Educate parents about importance of NBS  Ensure that infants’ primary care provider (PCP) receives copy of NBS results  Maintain NBS log

 All birthing facilities are

required

(per Indiana’s NBS law & its associated legal rules) to maintain a newborn screening log  Your facility’s NBS log should include, at a minimum, the following information for each infant:  Name  Attending physician        Medical record number (MRN) Form number (requisition number) of heelstick card sent to IU NBS Lab Date heelstick sample was collected Date heelstick sample was sent to IU NBS Lab Date each infant’s NBS results were received Results of each infant’s NBS Name of person who was notified of positive NBS results & date & time of notification

 Performed on a blood specimen taken from the heel of an infant shortly after birth  See next slide for more details on valid heelstick specimens  Used to screen for: ▪ ▪ Cystic fibrosis Endocrine conditions (congenital adrenal hyperplasia & congenital hypothyroidism) ▪ ▪ Hemoglobinopathies (e.g., sickle cell anemia) Metabolic conditions (e.g., PKU, fatty acid oxidation disorders, biotinidase deficiency)

 In order for a heelstick specimen to be valid, the specimen must be collected:    After the infant is at least 48 hours old

AND

After the infant has been on protein feeding for at least 24 hours

BUT

No later than 120 hours after birth  For infants who are discharged prior to receiving a valid heelstick screen:  Collect a heelstick specimen prior to discharge  A second, valid heelstick specimen will need to be collected  Notify family that a 2 nd heelstick specimen is required!



NOTE: NICU infants have additional routine re-screening guidelines

 See next slide for more information

Type of Testing

Routine re-testing (for all NICU patients) TPN or amino acid/carnitine enhanced formula

When to Collect NBS Specimen

• • • • 1 st specimen: 0 - 6 days 2 nd specimen: 14 days* 3 rd specimen: 30 days* Monthly thereafter until discharge.

• *NOTE: If discharge occurs within 6 days of 2 nd specimen is required at discharge.

or 3 rd specimen, no Follow routine testing guidelines.

Pre-transfusion Post-transfusion

For Patients Requiring Transfusion

• • • • • Collect specimen prior to transfusion.

Follow routine re-testing guidelines for additional samples.

Collect prior to 6 days of life.

Follow routine re-testing guidelines for additional samples.

Collect final specimen 2 - 4 months after final transfusion.



Per Indiana’s newborn screening law:

 

ONLY legal reason parents can refuse any/all portion(s) of newborn screening is if the parent(s) object(s) to the screen based on his/her/their religious beliefs Objection must be made in writing

 If parent(s) refuse NBS, birthing facility is responsible for:  Obtaining a complete, signed religious refusal  Sending a copy of religious refusal to ISDH Newborn Screening Program  ISDH’s Religious Refusal form is available on the NBS Professionals’ website at http://www.in.gov/isdh/20381.htm

 NOTE: If your facility has its own NBS refusal form, the form MUST clearly state that parent(s) is/are refusing newborn screening due to his/her/their religious beliefs ▪

ISDH cannot accept generic “Refusal of Newborn Care” or “Refusal of Medical Treatment” forms

NOTE: The following procedures are modified from the heelstick procedures slides provided by the New York State Department of Health

 Complete

all

information on blood spot card.  Do not contaminate filter paper circles by allowing the circles to come into contact with spillage or by touching before or after blood collection.

Equipment:   Sterile lancet with tip appropriately 2.0 mm - sterile alcohol prep Sterile gauze pads    Soft cloth Blood spot card Gloves

 Hatched areas (arrows) indicate safe areas for puncture site.

 Warm site with soft cloth moistened with warm water (up to 41 o C) for 3 to 5 minutes.

 Cleanse site with alcohol prep.  Wipe dry with sterile gauze.

 Puncture heel.  Wipe away first blood drop with sterile gauze pad.  Allow another LARGE blood drop to form.

 Lightly touch filter paper to LARGE blood drop.  Allow blood to soak through and completely fill circle with SINGLE application of LARGE blood drop.  To enhance blood flow, VERY GENTLY apply intermittent pressure to area surrounding the puncture site).  Apply blood to one side of filter paper only.

 Fill remaining circles in the same manner as step 7, with successive blood drops.  If blood flow is diminished, repeat steps 5 through 7.  Provide care to the skin puncture site.

Note: Use of capillary tubes to collect heel stick specimens is not recommended or included as part of Indiana’s NBS protocols.

 Dry blood spots on a dry, clean, flat, non-absorbent surface for a minimum of four (4) hours.

  Mail completed blood spot card to IU Newborn Screening Lab within 24 hours of collection.

NOTE: Heelstick specimens must be received by the IU NBS Lab within 10 days of collection in order to be valid!

     Be sure to fill ALL required circles!

Allow blood to soak through to other side of filter paper.

 Check both sides of the heelstick card in order to ensure that blood has completely soaked through card.

Do not layer successive drops of blood.

Avoid touching/smearing blood spots.

Extra blood drops can be placed anywhere on heelstick card.

 However, extra blood drops should not overlap sample circles.

  

Write legibly!

 Information on the heelstick card is manually entered into a database at the IU NBS Lab for specimen processing & reporting results.

Be sure to list the correct physician for infant.  Primary care provider name is preferred.



Use first AND last name of physician!

Use the “multiple birth” area of the heelstick card correctly.

 Leave area blank if infant was a single birth.

 Always designate A, B, etc. if infant was part of a multiple birth (even if children have different names/genders).

  Do NOT tear off any portion of the heelstick card & staple to a 2 nd heelstick card.

Do NOT place tape or labels over the fold-over flap that covers the blood samples.

   Designate someone at your facility to check heelstick card requisitions before the specimens are sent to IU NBS Lab to ensure they are complete & accurate.

Keep the yellow (“hospital”) copy in your files until you receive the infant’s NBS results from IU NBS Lab.  Some facilities place a specimen label on this copy & reference with the heelstick card requisition number for your records.

If an infant’s NBS results have not been received from IU NBS Lab within one week, please call the IU NBS Lab at (800) 245-9137.

Valid specimen (see picture below)

• • Specimen collected when infant ≥ 48 hours old & on protein feeding for ≥ 24 hours Specimen must be received by IU NBS Lab within 10 days of collection

Possible causes

Removing filter paper before blood has completely filled circle or before blood has soaked through to second side.

Applying blood to filter paper with a capillary tube.

Touching filter paper before/after blood specimen collection (with gloved/ungloved hands, lotion, powder, etc.)

Possible cause

Applying blood with capillary tube or other device.

Possible cause

Mailing specimen without drying for at least four (4) hours.

Possible causes

Touching same circle on filter paper to blood drop numerous times.

Filling circle on both sides (front & back) of filter paper.

NBS Results Required Action(s)

Normal Presumptive positive Invalid

• Birthing facility should ensure PCP receives copy of NBS results.

• IU NBS Lab will notify infant’s PCP of presumptive positive result. • Infant’s PCP responsible for notifying family of NBS result, collecting repeat blood specimen(s), & submitting repeat blood specimen(s) to IU NBS Lab within 48 hours.

• If family cannot be contacted and/or repeat blood specimen(s) cannot be collected within 48 hours, notify ISDH NBS Program via phone.

• See next slide for more details.

• •

NOTES:

Follow routine re-testing guidelines for NICU patients. Abnormal results on any specimen (including NICU patients) should be followed as outlined in this chart.

Reason for Invalid Screen Actions

• Collect heelstick specimen before discharge.

• Provide family with written notice of need for repeat NBS.

•

Notify ISDH NBS Program immediately by telephone.

Early discharge (infant discharged < 48 hours of age and on protein feed < 24 hours)

• Repeat NBS specimen must be collected between 48 hours and 5 days of age.

• If family cannot be reached, and/or repeat heelstick is not obtained by 5 days of age, notify ISDH NBS Program via phone.

• NOTE: Birthing facilities are responsible for obtaining NBS results for any infants who are transferred to an out-of-state facility.

Other invalid screen (e.g., QNS, oversaturated specimen)

• IU NBS Lab will notify PCP & birthing facility that re-screen is needed.

• Birthing facility should immediately contact PCP & mother via phone.

• If PCP cannot be reached, and/or repeat screen is not obtained within 3 calendar days, notify ISDH NBS Program via phone.

 Birthing facilities must submit Monthly Summary Reports (MSRs) to the ISDH NBS Program  MSRs include detailed information on any infants who did not receive a valid heelstick screen for one of the following reasons: ▪ Infant transferred to another birthing facility before receiving valid initial heelstick ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ NICU Infant died before he/she was eligible for a valid heelstick Parent(s) of infant signed Religious Waiver Infant was discharged home before he/she received a valid heelstick  MSRs are due to ISDH by 5 pm EST on 1    st business day after the 14 th of the following month Most MSRs are due to ISDH by 5 pm EST on the 15 th of the following month If the 15 th is on a Saturday/Sunday, MSRs are due to ISDH by 5 pm the following Monday Example: January’s Heelstick MSR is due to ISDH by 5 pm EST on February 15 th  MSRs are submitted to ISDH via the Indiana Newborn Screening Tracking & Education Program (INSTEP)   Web-based application (online) Contact ISDH for more information

Person to Contact Steve Scroggins Follow-Up Coordinator

317.233.7019

[email protected]

Indiana University Newborn Screening Laboratory

(800) 245 - 9137

Issue/Question

• • • • • Patient-specific questions Questions about NBS follow-up • Submitting completed, signed Religious Waivers / NBS follow-up information via fax (paper copies) Requesting NBS brochures Ordering heelstick cards Requesting NBS results