Transcript Moving toward War 1770-1775 Changes in Colonial Relations with Great Britain At Albany Congress (1754) during the Fr-Indian War, some argued for continental congress with executive. • Britain.

Moving toward War
1770-1775
Changes in Colonial Relations
with Great Britain
At Albany Congress (1754)
during the Fr-Indian War,
some argued for
continental congress with
executive.
• Britain tried to get colonists
to pay a greater share by
– raising taxes
– enforcing mercantilist laws.
• No more “salutary neglect”
from Mom!
– Colonists resent direct orders
from Parliament
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Colonial Resistance
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• Despite differences
among colonies,
opposition to taxes
and regulations
brought unity.
Leaders Arise
• Patrick Henry (VA):
against Parliament’s
power to impose
Stamp Act
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Leaders Arise
• John Dickinson
(PA): wrote Letters
from a Farmer in
Pennsylvania Parliament had no
right to ax
commerce just to
raise revenue.
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Leaders Arise
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• John Hancock
(MA): Parliament
is hurting trade;
gave aid to “Sons
of Liberty” who
protested Br
policies.
Leaders Arise
• Samuel Adams
(MA): helped form
committees of
correspondence to
keep other
colonies informed
about unfair Br
actions.
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Result: Most Taxes Repealed
• By 1770, most taxes
were repealed.
• Only one left: small
tax on tea.
• But that was one tax
too many for the
strained relations.
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Objections to Troops
• 1768 Br sent troops to Boston to protect
Br officials.
– Bostonians protested!
– Standing armies are “tyranny”!
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770: Minor
disturbance outside
customs house turned into
violent confrontation.
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– Crowd couldn’t be
restrained.
– Troops fired back at crowed;
five killed (Crispus Attucks)
– Sam Adams played it up as
a “massacre” of defenseless
citizens.
Boston Tea Party
• Protest of Tea tax!
• December 1773 group
of colonists dressed
up as Indians and
threw cargo of tea off
British ships.
• The British got
REALLY angry…
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Result of
Tea Party:
Intolerable
Acts
• Prime Minister Lord North imposed Boston
Port Bill: port closed until tea was paid for.
• Also, new Quartering Act: troops demanded
housing on private property.
• ALSO, governor had new powers and town
meetings were limited.
First Continental Congress
• 12 of 13 colonies met in
Philadelphia in fall
1774.
– Most wanted to make up
with GB.
– Unhappy, but still loyal.
– Still the majority
supported Boston and
wanted Intolerable Acts
to go.
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Declaration of Rights and
Grievances
• Congress demanded
rights:
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– To assemble (get in a
group)
– To petition (ask for help)
– To be tried by peers (trial
by jury of fellow citizens)
– To be free of a standing
army.
– Also NO TAX to regulate
external commerce.
Dear King George III,
• Parliament is the
problem, not you. We
LIKE you. Bad
Parliament, naughty
Parliament.
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What to do?
• Boycott British goods!
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– Don’t import.
– Don’t consume.
– Don’t export.
• If the British merchants feel it in the
pocket, they’ll convince Parliament to
stop!
Outbreak of Fighting
• April 1775 General
Thomas Gage was
supposed to arrest
troublemakers in Boston.
– But he couldn’t catch
them.
– Instead, he set off to seize
weapons at Concord.
– On their way, they went to
Lexington and then
Concord--few weapons!
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Concord / Lexington
• Colonists thought the
British were burning
down the town!
– Minutemen arrived on the
scene.
– They harrassed the British
on the 16-mile trek to
Boston
• British lost hundreds of
men in enemy fire.
• Colonists had sense of
success: ability to pull
off an armed conflict.
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Battle of Bunker (really
Breed’s) Hill
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• June 1775
British defeated
the colonists.
• BUT, British
suffered 1000
casualties to
100 Patriot
casualties.