Internal Analysis: Resources, Capabilities and Core Competencies Key Questions • What is a resource? • What is a capability? • What’s the difference: – Potential vs.

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Transcript Internal Analysis: Resources, Capabilities and Core Competencies Key Questions • What is a resource? • What is a capability? • What’s the difference: – Potential vs.

Internal Analysis:
Resources, Capabilities and
Core Competencies
Key Questions
• What is a resource?
• What is a capability?
• What’s the difference:
– Potential vs. Kinetic energy?
• How do resources and/or capabilities
contribute to competitive advantage?
Resources
Resources
What a firm Has...
Resources represent inputs into a
firm’s production process...
such as capital equipment, skills of
employees, brand names, finances
and talented managers
Capabilities
What a firm Does...
Capabilities represent...
the firm’s capacity or ability to integrate
individual firm resources to achieve a
desired objective.
What a firm Does...
Core Competencies
that is Strategically
Core Competencies must be:
Valuable
Valuable
Capabilities that either help a firm to exploit opportunities to create
value for customers or to neutralize threats in the environment
What a firm Does...
Core Competencies
that is Strategically
Core Competencies must be:
Valuable
Valuable
Capabilities that either help a firm to exploit opportunities to create
value for customers or to neutralize threats in the environment
Rare
Capabilities that are possessed by few, if any, current or potential
competitors
What a firm Does...
Core Competencies
that is Strategically
Core Competencies must be:
Valuable
Valuable
Capabilities that either help a firm to exploit opportunities to create
value for customers or to neutralize threats in the environment
Rare
Capabilities that are possessed by few, if any, current or potential
competitors
Costly to Imitate
Capabilities that other firms cannot develop easily, usually due to
unique historical conditions, causal ambiguity or social complexity
What a firm Does...
Core Competencies
that is Strategically
Core Competencies must be:
Valuable
Valuable
Capabilities that either help a firm to exploit opportunities to create
value for customers or to neutralize threats in the environment
Rare
Capabilities that are possessed by few, if any, current or potential
competitors
Costly to Imitate
Capabilities that other firms cannot develop easily, usually due to
unique historical conditions, causal ambiguity or social complexity
Nonsubstitutable
Capabilities that do not have strategic equivalents, such as firmspecific knowledge or trust-based relationships
Value Chain Analysis
To identify which resources and capabilities can add value
Support
Activities
Primary Activities
Value Chain Analysis
helps to identify which resources and capabilities can add value
Inbound
Logistics
Support
Activities
Primary Activities
Value Chain Analysis
helps to identify which resources and capabilities can add value
Operations
Inbound
Logistics
Support
Activities
Primary Activities
Value Chain Analysis
helps to identify which resources and capabilities can add value
Outbound
Logistics
Operations
Inbound
Logistics
Support
Activities
Primary Activities
Value Chain Analysis
helps to identify which resources and capabilities can add value
Primary Activities
Marketing
& Sales
Outbound
Logistics
Operations
Inbound
Logistics
Support
Activities
Value Chain Analysis
helps to identify which resources and capabilities can add value
Primary Activities
Service
Marketing
& Sales
Outbound
Logistics
Operations
Inbound
Logistics
Support
Activities
Value Chain Analysis
helps to identify which resources and capabilities can add value
Support
Activities
Primary Activities
Service
Marketing
& Sales
Outbound
Logistics
Operations
Inbound
Logistics
Procurement
Value Chain Analysis
helps to identify which resources and capabilities can add value
Technological Development
Primary Activities
Service
Marketing
& Sales
Outbound
Logistics
Operations
Procurement
Inbound
Logistics
Support
Activities
Value Chain Analysis
helps to identify which resources and capabilities can add value
Human Resource Management
Technological Development
Primary Activities
Service
Marketing
& Sales
Outbound
Logistics
Operations
Procurement
Inbound
Logistics
Support
Activities
Value Chain Analysis
helps to identify which resources and capabilities can add value
Firm Infrastructure
Human Resource Management
Technological Development
Primary Activities
Service
Marketing
& Sales
Outbound
Logistics
Operations
Procurement
Inbound
Logistics
Support
Activities
Value Chain Analysis
helps to identify which resources and capabilities can add value
Firm Infrastructure
Human Resource Management
Technological Development
Primary Activities
Service
Marketing
& Sales
Outbound
Logistics
Operations
Procurement
Inbound
Logistics
Support
Activities
Examples
• What are key sources of competitive
advantage for following companies:
• Honda
• McDonald’s
• ESPN
• Dell
• Procter & Gamble
• Steinway Pianos
• Wal-Mart
• The Grateful Dead
• Toyota