Tensions that lead to the Civil War ! Rank the reaction!!!!

Frederick Douglass

• Escaped slave • A leader of the anti-slavery group in Mass.

• Published a newspaper called the “ North Star.

” • He worked for African American rights and was against slavery.

N= X 2-3 S= X 2-3

Missouri Compromise 1820

• Maine enters as a “ free state ” , and Missouri enters a “ slave state.

” • Desire to maintain balance of free and slave states as more states entered the union. ??

• • Imaginary line drawn for slavery 36º 30º latitude line prohibited slavery north of the line (south of line could have slavery).

Eased tensions

- neither side happy X1 N= X1 S=

Compromise of 1850

• The Compromise of 1850 was a group of laws passed by Congress. ( Henry Clay ’ s idea) • 1. California enters as a “ free state ” . • 2. Mexican Cession was divided into two territories( Utah, New Mexico) and

popular sovereignty

would decide whether they were free or not. • 3. Stricter

Fugitive Slave Law

.

• 4. Forbid buying and selling of slaves in the District of Columbia. Eased tensions/neither happy N= X1 S= X1

Personal Liberty Laws

•

Fugitive Slave Law

= citizens had to help federal officers catch runaway slaves.

• Legislatures in the Northern states passed

personal liberty laws:

forbid people to help slave owners find runaway slaves.

• This made enforcing the Fugitive Slave Law almost impossible.

N = X3 S= X3

Uncle Tom

’

s Cabin 1852

• Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote a book called, Uncle Tom ’ s Cabin, which reflected her hatred of slavery.

• It became popular in the North (300,000 copies sold), but banned in the South.

• Southerners accused that the views about slavery were exaggerated.

X3.5-4

S

= X4

N

=

Kansas Nebraska Act 1854

• Stephen A. Douglas wanted to build railroad through the Kansas Nebraska Territory-makes deal with the South • • Allow slavery in K &N territory?

Popular Sovereignty

would be used to decide slavery in K&N territories.

• Ended Missouri Compromise/both sides unhappy! Violence erupts!

N= X3 S= X1-2?

Bleeding Kansas

• Race to see who would settle Kansas first, the abolitionists, or the proslavery settlers.

• They did this so they could vote

for

or

against

Kansas being a free or slave state( popular sovereignty).

• In May of 1856, proslavery settlers attacked the free-soil headquarters.

• 200 people were killed, given the name “ Bleeding Kansas ” .

N X4

s

X4

Republican Party 1854

• formed in1854-determined to stop the spread of slavery in the territories.

• Strength in the North • Lost election of 1856-not enough strength to win majority of electoral votes X3 S= N= X3

Dred Scott Decision 1857

• Dred Scott was a slave, was brought from Missouri to a free state(IL,WI).

• When his owner died, Scott sued the court to become a free man.

•Supreme Court Ruled: 1. slaves were property 2. slaves could not sue in court 3. slavery was legal anywhere-all territories N= X4 S= X4

John Brown at Harper

’

s Ferry 1859

• Slavery became the most important issue (late 1850 ’ s). • John Brown dreamed of freeing all Southern slaves.

• Took over federal arsenal (guns and ammo).

at Harper ’ s Ferry VA, where he tried to lead a rebellion (held out for 2 days)/ lost and was hanged.

• Many viewed the attack as being foolish, but others saw Brown as a hero!

N= X1?

S= X4

Election of Lincoln 1860

•

Democratic vote split

between Douglass and Breckinridge (favored secession) •

Northern Demos

voted

Douglas

•

Southern Demos

voted

Breckinridge

• New party:

Constitutional Union Party

nominated

John Bell

• Lincoln (Republican) wins in electoral college

S= N= X4 X4

Secession 1860

• Dec. 20, 1860,South Carolina drops out of the Union • MS, FL, AL, TX, GA, LA • February 1861-6 other states leave the Union • Jefferson Davis elected President X4

S

=

N

= X4

Fort Sumter

• Federal fort in S.C.

1861

• Confederacy took over fort April 12, 1861 • Lincoln sends reinforcements • First shots fired by South • Civil War starts • VA, TN, AK, NC-leave the Union N= X4 S= X4

WIO Causes of the Civil War Spectrum

Make a spectrum on your paper from and Least to Most. List List the 13 events that lead to the American Civil War on the spectrum and a one sentence summary of the event and why it caused high/low tensions Most tension/upset Middle of conflict Write a one sentence summary of each issue Least/Eased tensions