Transcript History of High Speed Rail in the United States of America Texas/European High-speed Rail Symposium Texas A&M University September 28, 2009 Steve Clark, PE ARUP.

History of High Speed Rail
in the
United States of America
Texas/European High-speed Rail Symposium
Texas A&M University
September 28, 2009
Steve Clark, PE
ARUP
Introduction to Arup
Sir Ove Arup founded his practice in London in 1946
based on a belief in ‘total design’ — the integration of
the design process and the interdependence of all
the professions involved, the creative nature of
engineering, the value of innovation and the social
purpose of design.
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HSR in the United States
High Speed Rail in the United States
Thank You!
History of HSR in the USA
• Technology
• Projects
• New Hope in 2009!
• Thoughts about the Future
Starting Points
• MYTH: The United States has no Railroads
Starting Points
• High Speed in USA: ≥110mph (177 km/hr)
• FRA Track Classes
• None for >200 mph
FRA
Track Class
Speed
(mph)
Speed
(km/hr)
1
15
24
2
30
48
3
60
96
4
80
129
5
90
145
6
110
177
7
125
201
8
150
241
9
200
322
US-HSR Technology
1960’s
• Urban Mass Transit Administration (1964)
• Operational Ideas
• Station-to-station
• Door-to-door
• Continuous Capacity
• Equipment
•
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24.139
Tracked air-cushion
5
Linear Induction
Rolling vehicles
Underground tube vehicle systems
Auto-trains
Automated highway systems
200 mph to 300 mph aspirations
• Personal Vehicle Orientation
1960’s Ideas
1960’s
The 1970’s
• High Speed Ground Transportation Project (HSGT)
• UMTA selected three companies
• Garrett Corporation
• Grumman Aerospace Corporation
• Rohr Industries, Inc.
• Department of Transportation (DOT)
Research Center
24.139
5
• Pueblo Colorado
• PhD “Disney Land”
• Garrett: Linear Induction Motor Research Vehicle (LIMRV) – 250 mph
• Grumman: Tracked Air Cushion Research Vehicle (TACRV) - 300 mph
• Rohr: Tracked Air Cushion Vehicle (TACV) – 170 mph
DOT Test Center – Pueblo, Colorado
DOT Test Center – Pueblo, Colorado
• Today it is the Transportation Technology Center
• owned by the DOT
• Maintained and Operated by Transportation Technology Center,
Incorporated
• TTCI is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the AAR
• TTI at Texas A&M is an “AAR Affiliated Lab”
Rohr Aerotrain TACV
Rohr Aerotrain TACV
Rohr Aerotrain TACV
Rohr Aerotrain TACV
Garrett LIMRV
Grumman TACRV
1960’s and 1970’s
• 1975 – HSGT Act Ends
• No success with HSGT Vehicle Research Program
• Noise
• Static Electricity
• Heat
• Dust Storms
• Mice
1980’s and 1990’s
• 1975 to 1994
• In general, the USA did not participate in the advancement of Federally
funded HSR technology
• March 1994
• Amtrak begins work on the Acela Express
• November 2000 – Inaugural Run
24.139
5
Acela Express
• Boston and Washington: 456 mi (734 km)
•
•
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Up to 150 mph
70 mph average
9,000 pass per day
3 million pass per year
Acela Express
• Technology
•
•
•
•
Bombardier – GEC Alstom JV
1435 mm gauge
FRA Tier II Crashworthiness
8-Car Trainsets (20 trains)
• 2 - 6,000 hp, 11kVAC power cars
• 1 - Café car
• 1 - First Class car
• 4 – Business Class cars
US-HSR Projects
1960’s and 1970’s
• 1965 – High Speed Ground Transportation Act
• Focus on Northeast Corridor (NEC)
• Focus on technologies
• Metroliner and Turboliner (1969)
• HSGT Research
• 1970 – Rail Passenger Service Act
• National Rail Passenger Corporation (Amtrak)
• 1971 – Amtrak Starts Service
• Takes over intercity passenger service from Freight Railroads
• 1975 – HSGT Act Ends
• Focus shifts to NEC
• 1976 – Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act
• Title VII – Northeast Corridor Improvement Project
• $3.3 billion for track, bridges, signals, facilities
1980’s
• 1980 - Passenger Rail Rebuilding Act
• Shift to study “Emerging Corridors”
• Amtrak - State combined efforts
• 1984 - Grants of $4 million for corridor analyses
• 1986 – State HSR Entities and Franchises
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•
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•
•
Florida
Ohio
Texas
California
Nevada
• Late 1980’s – Maglev
• Congress directs the FRA to study Maglev
• Through-out 1980’s
• Individual State Initiatives without success
Texas Triangle
1990’s
• 1991 – National Maglev Initiative
• $12 million appropriation
• Department of Transportation
• Army Corps of Engineers
• Department of Energy
• 1991 – Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act
• Ground Transportation Program - $800 million
• $725 million for US-designed Maglev
• $50 million for HSGT demonstration technologies
• $25 million for R&D
• Funding was “authorized” but not “appropriated”
1990’s
• 1991 – Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act
• $30 million appropriated for Grade Crossing Projects
• West
• California, Oregon, Washington
• Mid-West
• Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin
• East
• Florida,, North Carolina, Virginia
• 1991 - HSR Corridors start
• 1994 – Amtrak Acela Program
2000 – New Millenium
• 2000 – Acela service starts
• 2000 – 2008
• Difficult Years for Passenger Rail, in general
• Individual States continue efforts to develop HSR
• 2009 – ARRA and PRIIA
• ARRA: American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
• Authorizes and appropriates money
• PRIIA: Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act
• Process to allocate ARRA $$
• $8 billion for HSR
• 278 Pre-Applications, $102 billion total
Today and Tomorrow
USA Designated HSR Corridors
Emerging Megaregions (from 2050)
Where HSR Works Best (from 2050)
Where to Build HSR
• Where People Live
• Best Places for HSR
And who says we don’t have HSR in the USA?
Cedar Point – Sandusky, Ohio
Thank you!
Steve Clark, PE
[email protected]
+1 (713) 783-2787