Transcript DICTION 5.0 & PCAD 2000 DICTION 5.0 About Diction  DICTION 5.0 is distributed by  Roderick P.

DICTION 5.0 & PCAD 2000
DICTION 5.0
About Diction
 DICTION 5.0 is distributed by
 Roderick P. Hart, Dean of the College of
Communication at The University of Texas at Austin
 Craig Carroll, an assistant professor in the School of
Journalism and Mass Communication at the
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
 The Diction Website lists over 200 recent scholarly
research articles employing Diction
 http://www.dictionsoftware.com/index.php
About Diction
 Free Demo Available
 Pricing:
 Standard Version – $179.00
 Academic Version – $129.00
 Exporting Diction Data
 Output can be exported to both SPSS and Excel
The Normative Range(s)
 Over 20,000 texts analyzed by Diction
 From various text types
 The normative range for a given variable changes
based upon which of the 6 topics and 36 subtypes
is selected.
 6 topics - Business, Daily Life, Entertainment,
Journalism, Literature, Politics, and Scholarship
The Calculated Variables
 Insistence Score
 Words expressed three or more times by the speaker
 Embellishment
 Ratio of descriptive words (e.g., adjectives) to functional
words
 Don't have specific independent meaning (content) but that serve as the glue
that holds a sentence together - articles, pronouns, conjunctions, auxiliary
verbs, particles, expletives
 Variety
 Measure of linguistic dispersion
 Complexity
 Measure of word size
Diction Master Variables
 Certainty - Language indicating resoluteness, inflexibility, and
completeness and a tendency to speak ex cathedra.
 Activity - Language featuring movement, change, the
implementation of ideas and the avoidance of inertia.
 Optimism - Language endorsing some person, group, concept or
event, or highlighting their positive entailments.
 Realism - Language describing tangible, immediate,
recognizable matters that affect people's everyday lives.
 Commonality - Language highlighting the agreed-upon values of
a group and rejecting idiosyncratic modes of engagement.
Diction Home Screen
To begin a new project click the “File” tab and “New”
A New Project in Diction
The new project window will open up
Adding Files to New Project
Click on the “Add File” button
the file finder
which will open
Project With Files Loaded
Modifying Norm Values
With files selected click on “View Tab” and “Norm Values”
Modifying Norm Values
6 Topics
Subtypes
Diction Output
Attempting to Copy Output Data
Not Possible!!!
Opening a File in SPSS
When you open SPSS you will see this Screen. Click
“open an existing data source” then “OK”
Opening a File in SPSS
Locate you Diction data ….. then open it
Default is C:\Program Files\Diction\Data – Research.dat
Opening a File in SPSS
Select “no” then click “Next”
Opening a File In SPSS
Click “Delimited” then “No” then “Next”
Opening a File in SPSS
Make sure “Each line represents a case” and “All of
the cases” are selected and then click “Next”
Opening a File in SPSS
Select “Comma” and “None” and unselect “Space”
and click “Next”
Opening a File in SPSS
Nothing to do here, just click “Next”
Opening a File in SPSS
You have to option to save this format at this point.
Opening a File in SPSS
Now your Data is in SPSS, but no names or labels.
Getting Your Variable Names
Variable names are located in a Syntax file:
C:\Program Files\Diction\Stats
Getting Your Variable Names
Don’t attempt to use the syntax directions, instead remove
all text (including directions) except variable names
It goes all the way across
Getting Your Variable Names
After you delete everything except variable names, form one
large column of the variable names
Getting Your Variable Names
Copy that list and paste it into your variable names
under the “variable view” tab in SPSS
Getting Your Variable Names
Voila! Now your variables have names and you can
run all the analyses that you want
Political Speeches
Selected the Top 10 speeches from the Top 100
political speeches as listed by American Rhetoric –
Database which contains political, historical, and
pop culture speeches. It contains text and mp3s of
most of the modern speeches.
http://www.americanrhetoric.com/newtop100speeches.htm
Removed the Four Campaign & Inauguration
speeches
The Select Speeches
1. MLK - “I Have a Dream” delivered August 28th 1963, at the
Lincoln Memorial, Washington D.C.
3. FRD – “Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation” delivered on
December 8, 1941 to the US Congress and broadcast to the
nation
6. Richard Nixon – “Checkers” delivered and broadcast live
on television September 23rd, 1952
7. Malcolm X – “The Ballot or the Bullet” deliver April 3rd,
1964 in Cleveland, Ohio
The Selected Speeches
8. Ronald Reagan – “The Challenger Tragedy Address”
delivered and broadcast January 28th, 1986
10. LBJ – “Address to a Joint Session of Congress on
Voting Legislation” AKA “We Shall Overcome”
delivered March 15th, 1965, Washington, D.C.
An Example of the Texts
Basic Diction Output
Word Count
Total
Characters
Average
Word Size
No. of
Different
Words
FDR
646
807
4.38
304
LBJ
4099
19882
3.96
1821
Malcolm X
8728
46761
4.35
3861
MLK
1978
7975
3.90
789
Nixon
5047
25066
4.12
2092
Reagan
763
1410
4.22
399
Speech
Calculated Variables
Speech
Insistence
Embellishment
Variety
Complexity
FDR
55.54
0.16
Low
0.51
4.38
LBJ
17.89
5.78
High
0.53
3.96
Low
Malcolm X
78.46
0.61
0.43
Low
4.51
MLK
72.30
0.82
0.36
Low
3.90
Low
Nixon
61.18
21.95
High
0.51
4.12
Low
Reagan
39.49
0.61
0.54
4.22
Low
Master Variables
Speech
Activity
Optimism
Certainty
Realism
Commonality
54.45
47.35
40.59
Low
46.92
49.46
37.61
Low
50.05
41.83
Low
50.02
50.79
51.97
46.37
56.52
High
49.95
47.92
47.35
51.23
42.85
Low
49.63
47.33
Nixon
4.15
Low
55.60
High
44.27
Low
48.97
49.75
Reagan
49.21
50.36
43.89
Low
50.46
49.52
FDR
LBJ
Malcolm X
MLK
PCAD 2000
Psychiatric Content Analysis and Diagnosis
PCAD 2000
 Content analyzes text input based on scales
developed by Louis A Gottschalk and Goldine
Gleser.
 Gottschalk-Gleser content analysis scales were
originally designed for human coding, beginning
in the 1960’s.
 PCAD was developed to reduce time lost due to
human training and coding as well as eliminate
issues of inter-coder reliability.
Gottschalk-Gleser Scales
 Anxiety
 Hostility Outward
 Hostility Inward
 Ambivalent Hostility
 Social Alienation-Personal Disorganization
 Cognitive Impairment
 Hope
 Depression
 Health/Sickness
 Human Relations
 Achievement Strivings
 Dependency Strivings
 Quality of Life
Uses
 Clinical
 Quick first visit diagnostic
 Accumulate samples from one individual over time to
evaluate the effectiveness of regime being used
 Research
 Large collection of samples used for comparison of
numerical scale outputs, not diagnosis
Input
 Sample text can be elicited in an endless number
of ways. Examples are:
 content of psychotherapeutic interviews
 an individual can be asked to report their feelings and
attitudes towards another person or persons
 the speaker may be asked to relate their angry or
anxious experiences
 speaker may be asked to report dreams.
Input
 The “standard procedure” was used to determine
the demographic norms
 This procedure elicits a five minute sample based
on a neutral question (“Tell me about an
interesting life event”)
 Normally produces about 500 words
 Samples of 85-90 words are generally reliable
What you need
 A .txt or .sam file containing at least 85-90
 Reliability and accuracy increase with sample size
 A PC with PCAD 2000 installed
Opening screen
File  Open
Find directory  change *.SAM to *.TXT
 click “Open”
Don’t do this
Or this happens
Select scales to analyze
File  Score
Select desired output
SHORT DESCRIPTIONS OF RECENT DREAMS
BY GEORGE GILBS

My brother and I are soldiers based in our hometown (Pensacola). We are on active duty,
and are going into guerrilla battle. Surprisingly, we are allowed to stay at a friend's beach
house in Pensacola and commute daily to the war. We patrol a jungle area. The enemy is
not specific, not any nation really. All I know is that they are poorly armed, while we have
super badass machine guns that afford perfect aim at impossible ranges. So, for two days
my brother and I move forward, killing hundreds of enemy soldiers. On the third day my
parents and friends are over at the beach, eager to hear my war stories, I thought.
Anyway, I am eager to talk about how I've had to kill all these people, about how I could
die at any minute, about how I can't take it any more. People seem to be polite, but
uncomprehending. I mean, they smile at me and say indulgently "sure, of course." I
realize nobody really believes me. I'm furious. I write out my experiences, I demand
attention. But I overhear people offering condolence to my parents for having to put up
with their now-insane son. A friend convinces me to promise to stop talking about my
war experience long enough for a few hours of quiet fishing. It then dawns on me that it
is imaginable that I did, in fact, not fight this guerrilla war after all. My parents'
psychiatrist friend tells me that it's not my fault and that I must have been drugged. He
asks me to think back and I remembered taking some sort of alleged antidepressant a few
days earlier. I admit that it is probably true that I had been hallucinating, but don't know
how to accommodate what I know I experienced. I give up my will and put myself in the
hands of doctors. But the World Trade Center is still gone.
Output – Scored Clauses
Output – Diagnoses to consider
Output - Summary Analysis
Output – Statistics on each scale
Output - Excel
 If selected, PCAD will create an Excel file with all
of the scale and subscale results
 The Excel file is automatically placed in the same
directory with the same name as the .sam or .txt
file that was used as a sample
 Example
Disclaimer
 Samples that are not obtained using the “standard
procedure” cannot be directly compared to the
norms of the subjects demographic group
Just for fun – Joker sample
 It's the schemers who put you where you are. You were a
schemer. You had plans. Look where it got you. I just did
what I do best- I took your plan, and I turned it on itself.
Look what I've done to this city with a few drums of gas and
a couple of bullets. Nobody panics when the expected
people get killed. Nobody panics when things go according
to plan, even if the plan is horrifying. If I tell the press that
tomorrow a gang banger will get shot, or a truckload of
soldiers will be blown up, nobody panics. Because it's all
part of the plan. But when I say that one little old mayor
will die, everybody loses their minds! Introduce a little
anarchy, you upset the established order and everything
becomes chaos. I'm an agent of chaos. And you know the
thing about chaos, Harvey?
Joker Scale Summary
 Normal
 Hostility Outward (Overt)
 Hostility Outward (Covert)
 Hostility Inward
 Ambivalent Hostility
 Cognitive Impairment
 Hope
 Human Relations
 Health scale
 Slightly high (1-2 sd above
mean)
 Social Alienation/Personal
Disorganization
 Depression
 Moderately high (2-3 sd
above mean)
 Anxiety
 Very high (greater than 3
sd above mean)
 Health
 Health/Sickness
Just for fun – Facebook “About Me”
 Sample was obtained from an individual’s “About
Me” section on their Facebook page
 This sample most closely resembles the standard
procedure of eliciting text based on an ambiguous
prompt
Output – About Me
Comments/Questions?