Transcript Violence Against Women (VAW) Survey 2011 Draft Report of the Survey (Not to be quoted without specific permission) Presented by Md.

Violence Against Women (VAW)
Survey 2011
Draft Report of the Survey
(Not to be quoted without specific permission)
Presented by
Md. Alauddin Fokir
Joint Secretary to the Government of Bangladesh
Statistics & Informatics Division (SID)
Ministry of Planning
Bangladesh
www.sid.gov.bd
Outline of The Presentation
Goal & Objective
Major four categories of VAW
Sample Design of the survey.
Methodology.
Data collection and response rate.
Key findings of the survey
Challenge
Experience
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Abbreviations

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PSU
: Primary Sampling Unit
HH
: Household
VAW
:Violence against Women
Eligible woman: Woman aged 15 years and above who lives in
the sample household.
Partner
:Her husband(Current & previous).
Non-partner : Anybody other than husband.
Current husband: Married in current time & having husband.
Previous husband :Married previously without having that
husband at present including widowed/divorced or married
currently again.
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Goal & Objective
 To generate official national statistics on the prevalence of
violence against women.
 To observe the overall situation including the forms of
violence along with their magnitude in Bangladesh.

To identify and understand the magnitude and intensity of
violence against women.
 To help in policy formulation, programs and interventions
and also improve the existing laws and act related with
this issue.
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Major four categories of VAW
Psychological violence (i.e. husband exhibits controlling behaviors to wife):
a) Controlling behaviors

He tries to restrict contact with her (parental) family of birth?

He insists on knowing where she is at all times?

He ignores her & treats her indifferently?

He gets angry if she speaks with another man?

He is often suspicious that she is unfaithful?

He expects you to ask his permission before seeking health care for her?
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He forces her to maintain Parda/ hijab?

He obstructs her in studying or doing work?

He forbids her in going out for recreation?

Does he utter attacking words against her parents?

Does he force her to use family planning or forbid family planning?

Does he misbehave due to birth of a girl?

Does he misbehave with her due to complaints from her mother-inlaw/sister-in- law?

Does he become angry if she talks on face openly?

He tries to keep her from seeing her friends?
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Categories of VAW(contd.)
b)
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Abuse against women by husband:
Insulted or made her feel bad about herself?
Belittled or humiliated her in front of other people
Done things to scare or intimidate her on purpose (e.g.
shout loudly & smash things)?
Verbally threatened to hurt her or someone she cares
about?
Torture for her relation with neighbors or other women?
Threaten to marry other women?
Threaten to divorce?
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Categories of VAW(contd.)
(2) Economic violence:
 He refuses to give her enough money for household
expenses, even when he has money for other things?
 He regularly refuses to pay pocket money?
 Is the marriage happened with money or property as
dowry?
 Does he pressurize her to get money or things from her
parents’ house?
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Categories of VAW(contd.)
(3) a.Physical violence:
 Husband talked loudly, threatening or shouting
 Husband slapped, fist, boxed or threw something and she got
hurt
 Pushed her or shoved her or pulled her hair by force.
 Shake with hot things.
 Threw acid or hot water
 Intentionally suffocated her
 Choked or burnt her on purpose
 Threatened with gun, knife or other sharp weapons
 Struck her with stick or heavy things
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Categories of VAW(contd.)
 (3) b. Physical violence by non-partners:
She was hit, beaten, kicked or done anything else to hurt her
physically-or mistreated in any way by anyone other than
husband; a) Thrown something at her b) Pushed or pulled hair
c) Choked or burnt her on purpose d) Threatened or actually
used a gun, knife or weapon against her e) Threw acid f)
Threw hot water g) Stalking (intimate physical touch without
consent)
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Categories of VAW(contd.)
(4) Sexual Violence:
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Did husband hurt her or force her to have sexual intercourse
when she did not want to?
Did she ever have sexual intercourse with her husband against
her will because she was afraid of what her husband does?
Did her husband ever force her to do something else sexual
that she did not want or that she found degrading or
humiliating for her?
Other sexual torture
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Sample Design
A two-stage stratified cluster sampling was followed in the
survey. The whole country was divided into 7 divisions: each
division treated as Stratum and each stratum again divided into
two sub strata: urban & rural.
The final sample comprised of 420 PSUs from the 1000 IMPS, in
which sampling frame is updated regularly.
30 HHs were selected from each of the selected EA at the 2nd
stage, the number of EA selected from each sub-stratum was 30.
12,600 (=7*2*30*30) eligible women over 15 years of age were
selected for interview (One women selected per household).
IMPS: Integrated Multipurpose Sample.
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Methodology
A long questionnaire was used for direct interview.
The questionnaire was designed as per UNSD guidelines.
A series of meeting with the stakeholders were conducted
to finalize the questionnaire with adoption of local context.
The questionnaire consisted of two parts:


Household part: comprised of the household and individual
modules; and
Woman’s part: comprised of the current husband, previous
husband and non-partner modules.
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Data collection & Response rate
Data collection period: From 19-28 December, 2011
No. of eligible women found in the sample: 19,534
No. of women randomly selected for interview:12,600
No. of women actually interviewed: 12,530
Response rate for interview: 99.44%
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Key Findings
During lifetime*
During Last 12 months
Current
husband
Previous
husband
Non
partner
Current
husband
Previous
husband
Non
partner
Physical or sexual
violence
67.2
61.3
25.1
50.7
21.2
8.4
Physical violence
64.6
58.9
23.8
46.4
19.6
7.8
Sexual violence
36.5
32.2
4.4
24.1
9.1
1.0
Economic violence
53.2
48.6
NA
32.3
15.5
NA
Psychological
violence
81.6
73.2
NA
71.9
31.6
NA
Non partner: Anybody other than husband.
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Findings (Contd.)
Current
husband
(ever)
%
Previous
husband
(ever)
%
Condition for giving money or
property during marriage
33.7
24.0
Pressurize to bring money or
things from parent’s house (after
marriage)
12.6
17.7
Dowry Status
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Findings (Contd.)
Payment Status of Dower
(Denmohor)
[Muslims only]
Current
husband (%)
Previous
husband (%)
Husband paid dower in full
19.8
17.7
Husband didn’t paid dower
40.5
41.0
Husband paid dower in part
18.8
9.8
Husband requested for
waive
11.9
13.7
Don’t know
9.0
17.8
Total
100
100
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Findings (Contd.)
Reasons for not taking
treatment due to violence
Current
husband(%)
Previous
husband(%)
Afraid of husband
17.3
22.6
Husband didn’t allow
15.2
8.9
Not necessary
51.6
41.0
Afraid of other family member
3.4
2.9
Afraid of social prestige
8.6
6.0
Other
4.0
18.6
51.8
51.3
Treatment received for violence
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Findings (Contd.)
Distribution of
treatment
provider
Current husband
(%)
Previous husband
(%)
65.0
62.9
5.5
2.8
Govt. Hospital
19.5
26.5
NGO Hospital
4.0
3.1
Others
6.0
4.7
Doctor
Clinic
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Findings (Contd.)
Current
husband
(%)
Previous
husband
(%)
In fear of husband
8.1
14.5
Husband has right to torture
6.7
6.4
Husband didn’t allow
2.7
1.6
Wasn’t necessary
40.1
27.7
In fear of members of the household
2.8
2.9
Thinking future of the children
20.9
12.1
Thinking of family or own defame
16.5
12.2
Others
2.2
1.3
-
21.3
Why legal action wasn’t taken
Not reported
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Findings (Contd.)
National
Type of physical & mental
impact due to violence
Current Husband
(%)
Previous Husband
(%)
Attempted to suicide
7.1
12.9
Abortion
1.1
1.4
Non-response
13.9
28.0
Drug Addicted
0.17
1.87
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Findings (Contd.)
Rural
(%)
Urban
(%)
National
(%)
Physical torture
4.3
2.7
3.9
Mental torture
Teasing
Intimate physical touch
without consent
Other
1.1
3.0
0.6
1.2
0.9
2.5
1.3
0.9
1.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
Total violated women
9.9
5.6
8.7
Type of Childhood Violence
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Findings (Contd.)
Violence by non-partner: First
Forced Sex at age of
Percentage
05-09
1.7
10-14
41.8
15-19
34.3
20-24
9.9
25-29
4.9
30-34
4.1
35-39
2.3
40+
0.9
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Challenge
•Women violence is considered as private affair, so women are
reluctant to disclose it to public. (taboo)
•All the interviewers must be woman.
•Need consent of the respondents assuring the information would be
kept confidential.
•Different title ( Survey about Women’s Status instead of Violence
Against Women) used during data collection stage in the
Questionnaire to avoid negative approach.
•Questionnaire finalization and selection process- series of meetings
were held and huge opinions were received.
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Challenge (contd.)
•Maintaining the confidentiality
•Interviewers were instructed not to disclose anything other than
the respondents
•Not to ask any confidential questions until the respondent were
alone.
•Target respondents were only women and interviews must be
conducted with the presence of only the respondents and interviewers.
•Sensible language needed for making the environment amicable for
the respondents.
•Only one respondents from one household was selected.
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Experience
•Enthusiastic response which was more than our expectation.
•Interviewers were previously known to the respondents which
build trust and confidence to the respondent’s family.
•It is observed that women face psychological violence mostly
among all other categories of violence.( 81.6%)
•After the violence occurred 65 %women got treatment from the
doctor which is greater than other treatment providers.
•Even 40.1% women never fell necessity to take legal actions
against the violence.
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Experience (contd..)
•Women are mostly victimized for forced sex by non-partner at
the age of 10 to 19 years. The number is around 75% of total
victims in this category.
•A large portion (around 37%) did not take any legal action
because of thinking of the children or family prestige.
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Thank You
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