Transcript Putting it all together A summary and opportunity to explore an existing project critically.

Putting it all together
A summary and opportunity to
explore an existing project critically
But first …
• Organizing who will present on each
week (Note, all must be present and
active attendees for all presentations)
– December 7
– December 14
Course outline
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What and Why of Digital Libraries
The 5S model of digital libraries
Content – gathering, classifying, describing
Google books – an especially large collection
Access control and encryption
Quality issues in digital libraries
User interfaces and Usability
Interoperability – OAI and other protocols
Online information seeking behaviors
Introduction to Drupal (Guest instructor)
What and Why
• Do you know more about libraries, and digital
ones in particular, than you did before?
• What are the necessary components of a
digital library?
• Redo the concept map experience, based on
the semester’s input
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Use the cmap tool found on your computer system
Work in groups of 2 or 3
15 minutes
Open discussion to follow
Before 5 S
• As we may think
– Vannevar Bush, 1945, The Atlantic
• The vision
– Everything you saw or read, readily available
for you to retrieve and use again.
– Desk image (what would he think of iPhone?)
– The essential elements are there
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Storage
Indexing
Retrieval
Viewing
The 5 S model
• A language for discussing key aspects of
a digital library
• A check list for making sure all relevant
aspects are addressed in your DL design
• The terms:
– Streams
– Structures
– Scenarios
– Societies
– Spaces
The 5 S terms expanded
• Stream
– what types of data? gif, jpg, avi?
• Structure
– How are the elements organized? Is there a
hierarchy? Are there multiple structures?
• Spaces
– How will we index the items? How will we divide
them into related groups
• Scenarios
– What services will we provide? What information
do we need to provide those services?
• Societies
– Who is the library intended to serve? Remember
to include agents and other processes as well as
users.
Content
• The actual material and its description
– Example: The archeology DL
• A digital library is not limited to textual materials
• Part of the challenge is deciding how best to represent
the content that you want to share.
• Standard descriptions for use in information
exchange
– Dublin core
– Specialized terms for use by a particular
community.
• The important thing is that the vocabulary be known
and accepted by all who will exchange descriptors
Access control
• Two components
– An appropriate policy that respects the
intellectual property rights associated with
each item.
– Technical implementation to keep the policy in
effect
• Digital signatures and encryption as tools for
ensuring limited access to resources that have
distribution limitations
Google Books
• An example of a very large DL project that
has all the challenges of our smaller
projects, greatly magnified
– Both by the scale of the project and by the
visibility of anything Google does
– The project has inspired other projects and has
raised issues about digital rights management
and about preservation issues
• See also the Internet Archive.
– www.archive.org
– Dedicated to preserving digital material from
the web and other sources.
Quality
• Points of interest
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Accessibility
Pertinence
Preservability
Relevance
Significance
Timeliness
Accuracy
Completeness
Consistency
Composability
Efficiencey
Effecteveness
Extensibility
Reusability
Reliability
• Measures of quality
applied to
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Data objects
Metadata
Collection
Catalog
Respository
Services
• Which terms go with which
items?
• Which are most critical?
• Which are easy to measure
and which are hard?
• Where does the data come
from to test each one?
User Interfaces and Usability
• User centered design
– Start with a clear image of the user and design to
satisfy the user’s needs and interests
– Make the interface as self-evident as possible. No
instructions should be necessary for web-based
systems.
• Evaluation
– Formative and summative
• Know your user!
• The usual suspects:
– Wording, consistency, graphic layout and organization,
user’s model of the system
• Digital libraries add
– Browsing, filtering, searching, new item submission
Your Ensemble review
• I showed the original layout (that may be
the only remaining copy of that layout)
and the proposed changes.
• Your input was instrumental in making
changes in the version that was
deployed last week
– More about that later.
Special needs
• Video
– Different types of attributes
– Different needs for viewing, for scanning, for
selecting segments
• Common features
– Most systems use a textual querying interface and few systems
provide any form of visual query interface, probably indicating the
need for further development in this area;
– Most systems use keyframe(s) as their video browsing method;
– Playback is provided in all listed systems, indicating that playback is
regarded as a most important interface feature;
– Whereas most systems provide more than one video browsing
method (often transcript + playback and/or keyframe + playback),
browsing aids such as synchronization between different browsing
methods are not often facilitated.
Interoperability
• Digital libraries rarely stand alone
– They provide feeds to other libraries
– They harvest from other libraries
• The interconnectedness of the world of
digital libraries enhances the user’s
opportunity to find a curated collection
entry to suit a particular need
• Basic Standard: Open Archives
Interconnection
– Vocabulary of messages
– Standardized meaning and expected responses
Online information seeking
behaviors
• Digital libraries are nearly always webbased information resources
• Knowing how users seek and use
information in other web-based situations
helps to inform the design of a digital
library.
– Subject of the new field of personal
information management (PIM)
Information seeking
• People’s expectations are changing
– Where there previously was wonder and
amazement, now there is growing expectation for
perfect results instantly provided.
– Where a desktop or good laptop was previously
the medium for obtaining information, more and
more people are expecting results suitably
formatted for cell phones and similar small
devices.
– Where people previously were glad to know where
to find the answers, more and more they are
expecting the answers to be presented directly.
– Changing expectations apply to digital libraries,
perhaps even more than to the web in general.
Providing information from the
Web
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Gather (web crawlers)
Extract information
Index the information
Process the query
Rank results of query
Present the results in useful and
convenient form.
Using information obtained
• Serve immediate need
• Keep for later?
– If so, how to organize so it can be found later
– If not, how to decide to discard? Remember
how to find it again?
• How is kept information organized?
Drupal
• I don’t have slides. Did Dr. Siegfried use
slides? (If so, I will get them onto our
site.)
• What did you learn about Drupal?
• What do you think of it?
• How do you see it relating to digital
libraries?
The Ensemble Launch
• Most of you know that I have been fairly
well consumed by the launch of our digital
library for computing education during this
semester.
• Last Wednesday, we presented the Alpha
version to the representatives of NSF and
to the other NSDL pathway projects.
• I think you might like to see that
presentation and I will ask your informed
opinion of how well we are doing.