An Introduction to Human Services: Policy and Practice Multicausality • • • This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law.
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Transcript An Introduction to Human Services: Policy and Practice Multicausality • • • This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law.
An Introduction to Human
Services: Policy and Practice
Multicausality
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This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law:
Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network;
Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images;
Any rental, lease, or lending of the program.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2002
Analysis of Problems
People often look for simple answers to complex
problems.
This leads them to try simple solutions which
don’t work because the problem has been
incorrectly analyzed.
The concept that many factors contribute to
problems is called multicausality.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2002
No Quick Fix
In dealing with social problems, we can never
establish causality with any solid degree of
certainty.
There is rarely one simple cause of a problem.
Human service problems are the result of many
intertwined personal pressures and social forces.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2002
Symptoms and Reactions
Some causes of social problems are deeply rooted,
and others are secondary causes or symptoms of a
deeper problem.
Although many people appear to have the same
problem, they may have it for a different set of
reasons.
Even when people encounter similar experiences,
they do not necessarily react in similar ways.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2002
Assumptions
Differing views of human nature can lead to
differing assumptions about the cause of problems.
Thomas Hobbes believed that people were
basically evil and needed a strong state to control
them.
People who subscribe to his philosophy are likely
to favor “law and order” approaches to human
problems.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2002
Nature or Nurture
John Locke believed that if people followed their
own self-interest, a rational, just society would
result.
He believed that a child came into the world with
a tabula rasa (blank tablet) on which experience
was inscribed through the five senses.
People who subscribe to his philosophy are likely
to adopt an environmentally oriented psychology
such as behaviorism.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2002
Nature Vs. Civilization
Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that people were
good by nature but corrupted by civilization.
He believed that education should draw out the
knowledge that people are born with.
Paolo Freire, the Brazilian educator, subscribed to
a theory of education called “conscientization.”
This is similar to Rousseau’s philosophy of
drawing on people’s innate strengths.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2002