Transcript Workshop on Census Cartography and Management for ESCAP 15 – 19 October 2007 Bangkok, Thailand HOUSING CENSUS DATA & DISASTER MITIGATION ASPECTS IN INDIA Dr.

Workshop on Census Cartography and Management for ESCAP
15 – 19 October 2007
Bangkok, Thailand
HOUSING CENSUS DATA
&
DISASTER MITIGATION
ASPECTS IN INDIA
Dr. B. B. JAIN, Ph.D.
Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner
New Delhi, India
ADMINISTRATIVE
DIVISIONS : FACTS & FIGURES
STATES: 35 (28 States and 7 Union territories)
DISTRICTS: 593
SUBDISTRICTS: 5,463
TOWNS: 5,161
C D BLOCKS: 6,404
VILLAGES: 6.39 Lakh (44,856 Uninhabited)
 AREA :3.28 Million Sq.Kms
 2.4 % of World Surface Area.
 16.9 % of World Population.
Administrative Setup
INDIA (Country)
States (35)
Districts (593)
Sub-district (5,463)
Town (5161)
Ward
C D Block (6,406)
Village (0.6 million)
Disaster effects in India
SEISMIC ZONES IN INDIA
Zone V : Covers the areas liable to seismic
intensity IX and above on Modified Mercalli
Intensity Scale. This is the most severe
seismic zone and is referred here as Very
High Damage Risk Zone.
Zone IV : Gives the area liable to MM VIII.
This, zone is second in severity to zone V.
This is referred here as High Damage Risk
Zone.
Zone III: The associated intensity is MM VII.
This is termed here as Moderate Damage
Risk Zone.
Zone II: The probable intensity is MM VI. This
zone is referred to as Low Damage Risk
Zone.
Zone I: Here the maximum intensity is
estimated as MM V or less. This zone is
termed here as Very Low Damage Risk Zone.
NATURAL DISASTERS : EFFECT IN INDIA
Indian Subcontinent is one of the world’s most disaster prone areas
1.Earthquake:
54% area vulnerable to Earthquakes
One million houses damaged annually + human,social,other losses
12%of land is liable to severe earthquake MSK IX
18%land is liable to MSK VIII
25%land liable to MSK VII
2.Floods:
12% area of the country is prone to floods which means 40 million Hectares land area
are prone to floods and annually on an average 8 million is affected
3.Wind and Cyclone Hazards:
8% of land prone to cyclones affect by both the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea.
4.Land Slides:
Areas of Himalayas, North-eastern Region and Western Ghats prone of land slides.
5.Drought:
68% of the country is prone to drought in varying degrees.
NATURAL DISASTERS : EFFECT IN INDIA
Indian agriculture is heavily dependent on the monsoon as a
source of water. In some parts of India, the failure of the
monsoons result in water shortages, resulting in belowaverage crop yields.
This is particularly true of major drought-prone regions such
as southern and eastern Maharashtra, northern Karnataka,
Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Gujarat, and Rajasthan. In the past,
droughts have periodically led to major Indian famines,
including the Bengal famine of 1770, in which up to one third of
the population in affected areas died; the 1876–1877 famine, in
which over five million people died; the 1899 famine, in which
over 4.5 million died; and the Bengal famine of 1943, in which
over five million died from starvation and famine-related
illnesses.
Indian Census: Introduction
Indian Census – Brief background
o First synchronous census held in 1881
o Census 2001 was the 14th in this
uninterrupted series
o Adopted extended de-facto method (or
enumerating persons normally residing in the
household during the enumeration period)
o Census held in two phases:
House-listing Operations …(April to June 2000)
Population Enumeration …(9th to 28th February 2001)
Indian Census – Brief background
o Unit of enumeration in Census is the
Enumeration Block (EB) allotted to an
Enumerator
o Curved out on the basis of population size,
an EB comprises of about 120 – 150
households or about 500 to 750 persons
o 2 million Enumerators were deployed for
2001 Census. Mostly primary school
teachers.
The final results of the House listing Operations 2001 were
released in April, 2003 which provided valuable information on the
housing stock, amenities and assets available to the household.
House-listing data is available in ‘Tables on Houses,
Household Amenities and Assets by India and States’.
This data is also available in hard copy and electronic
format for India and all the States/Union territories at district, subdistrict and town level.
The House-listing data is immensely useful to the
Disaster Managers, Policy makers, Planners, Administrators
to improve the quality of life in vulnerable areas.
Population: 1,028,737,436
Males: 532,223,090 (51.7 %)
Rural Males: 381,668,992 (37.1 %); Urban Males: 150,554,098 (14.6 %)
Females: 496,514,346 (48.3 %)
Rural Females: 360,948,755 (35.1 %); Urban Females: 135,565,591 (13.2 %)
Child Population (age 0–6years): 163,819,614 (15.9 % of total population)
Male Children : 84,999,203 (8.3 % of total population)
Female Children : 78,820,411 (7.7 % of total population)
Literate Persons: 560,687,797 (64.8 %)
Literate Males: 336,533,716 (75.3 %)
Literate Females: 224,154,081 (53.7 %)
HOUSING CENSUS DATA in Tables,
INDIA,2001
 H-2 Distribution of census houses used
as residence and residence-cum-other
use by their condition
 H-2 Appendix Distribution of
households by the condition of census
houses occupied by them
 H-3A Distribution of census houses by
predominant material of roof
 H-3B Distribution of census houses by
predominant material of wall
 H-3C Distribution of census houses by
predominant material of floor
 H-3A Appendix Distribution of households
living in census houses by predominant
material of roof
 H-3B Appendix Distribution of households
living in census houses by predominant
material of wall
 H-3C Appendix Distribution of households
living in census houses by predominant
material of floor
 H-11 Distribution of households by availability of
separate kitchen and type of fuel used for cooking
 H-12 Distribution of households by source and
location of drinking water and availability of
electricity and latrine
 H-12 A (E) Distribution of households classified by
source and location of drinking water and
availability of electricity and latrine
 H-12 B (E) Households and distribution
of 1000 population by availability of
electricity and toilet facilities and
ownership status of house occupied
 H-4 Distribution of census houses used
as residence and residence-cum-other
use by their type of structure
 H-4 Appendix Distribution of
households by type of census houses
occupied
 H-5 Distribution of households by size
H-6 Distribution of households
by ownership status of the
census houses occupied by them
and number of dwelling rooms
H-6A (E) Distribution of
households by ownership status
of census houses, size of the
household and number of
dwelling rooms
 H-7 Distribution of households by number
of married couples in a household and
number of dwelling rooms, total number of
married couples and number of married
couples having independent sleeping rooms
 H-7A (E) Distribution of married couples
and married couples having independent
sleeping room by number of dwelling rooms
available to the households in which they
live and by number of married couples
H-8 Distribution of households by source of
drinking water and its location
H-9 Distribution of households by source of
lighting
H-10 Distribution of households by
availability of bathroom & type of latrine
within the house and type of drainage
connectivity for waste water outlet
 H-11 Distribution of households by availability of
separate kitchen and type of fuel used for cooking
 . H-12 Distribution of households by source and
location of drinking water and availability of
electricity and latrine
 H-12 A (E) Distribution of households classified by
source and location of drinking water and
availability of electricity and latrine
 . H-13 Number of households availing banking
services and number of households having each of
the specified asset
Population Density (District Level) : INDIA, 2001
Condition of Census Houses : India 2001
Condition of
Census Houses
Number Percentage
(in million)
Total Households
Good
187
94
100.0
50.3
Livable
Dilapidated
83
10
44.5
5.2
Material Used in Houses : Roof
Material of Roof
(India 2001)
No. of Households
Concrete
Households Percentage
(in million)
192
38
100.0
19.8
Tiles
63
32.6
Grass, thatch,bamboo, wood, mud, etc.
42
21.9
Others
49
25.7
Material Used in Houses: Walls
Material of Walls
(India 2001)
No. of Households
Burnt Brick
Mud, Unburnt Brick
Grass, thatch, bamboo, Wood, etc.
Others
Households
(in million)
Percentage
192
84
100.0
43.7
62
21
25
32.2
10.2
13.9
Material Used in Houses: Floors
Material of Floors
(India 2001)
Households
(in million)
Percentage
No. of Households
Mosaic, Floor tiles
192
14
100.0
7.3
Cement
Mud
Others
51
110
17
26.5
57.1
9.1
Dwelling Rooms in Houses: 2001
Dwelling
(India 2001)
Total Households
No exclusive Room
Households
(in Millions)
Percentage
192
6
100.0
3.1
One Room
74
38.5
Two Room
Three Room
58
27
30.0
14.3
More than three Rooms
27
14.1
Source of Drinking Water: India
Distance/Type
Households
(in million)
Percentage
Total Households
192
100.0
Within Premises
75
39.0
Near Premises
85
44.3
Away
Hand pump/Tube-well
32
79
16.7
41.2
Tap
Well
Other
70
35
8
36.7
18.2
3.9
Source of Lighting: India 2001
Lighting
Total Households
Electricity
Kerosene
Others
No Lighting
Households Percentage
(in million)
191.9
100.0
107.2
83.1
1.0
0.6
55.8
43.3
0.9
-
Availability of bathroom, latrine & Kitchen : India
India (2001)
Households Percentage
(in million)
Bathroom available within the
house
69
36.1
Latrine available within the
house
Kitchen available within the
house
70
36.4
123
64.0
Fuel used for Cooking: India 2001
Fuel
Total Households
Fire-wood
Households Percentage
(in million)
192
100.0
101
52.5
LPG
34
17.5
Crop residue
19
10.0
Cow dung Cake
19
9.8
Assets Available: India 2001
Assets
Radio, Transistor
Television
Telephone
Bicycle
Scooter, motorcycle, moped
Car, Jeep, Van
None of the above assets
Availing banking services
Households Percentage
(in million)
67.4
35.1
60.6
31.6
17.5
9.1
83.8
43.7
22.5
11.5
4.8
2.5
66.2
34.5
68.2
35.5
Mapping Exercises:
 Aims to provide a pictorial base to the planning
process especially to the semi literate population .
Social Mapping:
Location of habitat, natural topography, number of pucca
(burnt bricks) and kuchha (mud etc.) houses, Other
common infrastructures(eg. Safe Shelter worship
place,health centre, play ground etc.
Resource Mapping:
Locally available resources and assets for use during
disasters.
Mapping Exercises:
1.SOCIAL MAPPING
• LOCATION OF THE HABITAT WITH RESPECT TO NATURAL TOPOGRAPHY
• NUMBER of PUCCA and KACCHA HOUSES
2. RESOURSE MAPPING
3.VULNERABILITY MAPPING
Household Wise Vulnerable Groups
Vulnerable Houses And Defunct Infrastructure
Low Lying Areas Prone To Floods
Landslide Prone Areas
Location Of Hazardous Industries/Electrical Installations/ Tall Weak Structures – Buildings ,etc.
Narrow Roads
4.SAFE AND ALTERNATE ROUTE MAPPING
NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT : INDIA
MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS
NATIONAL CRISIS MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE(NCMC)
NATIONAL& STATE DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT
IMD , CWC, DOS,(NRSA)
NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE
Housing Census Data & Maps
of
Tamil Nadu State in India
(Tsunami Effected)
RELIEF AND DRAINAGE, TAMIL NADU
Tsunami effected Areas: Tamil Nadu (India)
P0PULATION DISTRIBUTION, 2001 TAMIL NADU
HOUSING PROFILE :TAMIL NADU (India)
CENSUS HOUSES AND THE USES TO WHICH THEY ARE PUT
Houses
Total
(%)
Rural
(%)
Urban
(%)
No. of Census
Houses
16,996,604
(100.0)
9,724,711
(57.2)
7,271,893
(42.8)
Vacant Census
Houses
1,050,624
(6.2 )
606,205
(6.2)
444,419
(6.1)
Occupied Census
Houses
15,945,980
(93.8)
9,118,506
(93.8)
6,827,474
(93.9)
Tamil Nadu (India)
HOUSEHOLDS LIVING IN CENSUS HOUSES BY PREDOMINANT MATERIAL OF ROOF
Material of Roof:
Total
Total (%)
Rural (%)
1 4,173,626 (100) 8,274,790 (100)
Urban (%)
5 ,898,836 (100)
3,744,853 (26.4)
2,934,271(35.5)
810,582 (13.7)
31,990 (0.2)
18,890 (0.2)
13,100 (0.2)
Tiles
5,365,397 (37.9)
3,336,304 (40.3)
2,029,093 (34.4)
Slate
17,218 (0.1)
8,663 (0.1)
8,555 (0.1)
G.I., Metal, Asbestos sheets
466,334 (3.3)
201,638 (2.4)
264,696 (4.5)
Brick
270,913 (1.9)
127,821 (1.5)
143,092 (2.4)
Stone
26,681 (0.2)
12,160 (0.1)
14,521 (0.2)
4,205,460 (29.7)
1,613,546 (19.5)
2,591,914 (43.9)
44,780 (0.3)
21,497 (0.3)
23,283 (0.4)
Grass Thatch, Bamboo, Wood,
Mud, etc.
Plastic, Polythene
Concrete
Any other material
URBAN HOUSEHOLDS BY DWELLING
ROOMS
TAMIL NADU,2001
ASSETS AVAILABLE IN RURAL AREAS
TAMIL NADU,2001
SOURCE OF DRINKING WATER IN RURAL
AREAS
TAML NADU,2001
SOURCE OF DRINKING WATER URBAN
AREAS.
TAML NADU,2001
RECOMMENDATIONS
 The maps of relief, contours,
physiography, geological structure and
housing conditions, material used in
houses are digitized separately into
polygon coverages using PC Arc/Info.
Census data on housing are shown on
map using Arc GIS software.
 Helpful in identifying the comparative
position of housing stock prone to
disaster.
 Therefore, by querying this spatial
database and the user requirements the
planners and developers can select the
sites which are ideal for their intended
purpose.
 An overlay of the disaster prone area
map and the human settlements and
infrastructure map can be used to
identify the endangered human
settlements for taking early actions to
assure the safety of them.
Once the sites/areas are selected
with the guidance of these disaster
prone maps, it is always advisable
to carry out a location specific
investigation to assess the risk on
the intended purpose since these
maps are based on the census data.
These maps also identify the safe
areas on the basis of housing data
and the areas which can be
utilized with corrective measures.
These housing data based spatial
maps (GIS) can play a major roll in
taking safety measures by local
administration/departments in the
country.
Well Organized Management
often passes disasters
……Thanks