Transcript Human rights health and reproduction in Europe Dr.Gunta Lazdane Acting Regional Adviser Reproductive Health and Research EPF 2004

Human rights health and reproduction
in Europe
Dr.Gunta Lazdane
Acting Regional Adviser
Reproductive Health and Research
EPF 2004
International Conventions
 International Covenant on Economic,
Social and Cultural Rights – ICESCR 1966
 International Covenant on Civil and
Political Rights – ICCPR 1966
 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child
– ICRC 1989
 UN Convention on the Elimination of all
Forms of Discrimination Against Women
– CEDAW 1979
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Not ratified by countries in
Europe
 Andorra – ICESCR, ICCPR
 Kazakhstan - ICESCR, ICCPR
 Monaco – CEDAW
 - not ratified
 - signed but not ratified
 Holy See – ICESCR, ICCPR,
CEDAW
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Different levels of obligations:
 Treaties – binding on states parties
 Declarations – non-binding (Declaration
of Alma Ata 1978, World Health Declaration
1998)
 Policy documents – non-binding
(consensual UN global conferences action
plans)
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UN ICPD in Cairo - POA
“…the right to of men and women to be informed
and to have access to safe, effective,
affordable and acceptable methods of family
planning of their choice, as well as other
methods of family planning of their choice for
regulation of fertility which are not against the
law, and the right of access to appropriate
health-care services that will enable women to
go safely through pregnancy and childbirth
and provide couples with the best chance of
having healthy infant.” Chapter VII, 7.2
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Fourth World Conference on
Women – Beijing - 1995
“The human right of women include the
right to have control over and decide freely
and responsibly on matters related to their
sexuality, including sexual and
reproductive health, free of coercion,
discrimination and violence.”
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Cairo + 5 (1999), Beijing + 5 (2000)
The reproductive rights may be violated:
1) Direct action on the part of a state which
interferes with one’s reproductive
rights
2) Result from the state’s failure to meet
the minimum core obligations of a
human rights treaty
3) Result of patterns of discrimination
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EUROPE
 The European Convention for the
Protection of Human Rights and
Fundamental Freedoms
 The European Social Charter
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Mechanisms for Implementing Rights in
the European Human Rights System
 The Council of Europe:
Committee of Ministers
Parliamentary Assembly
 European Union:
European Parliament
the Council
the Court of Justice
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The right to:
 Life, survival, security, and sexuality
 Reproductive self-determination and
free choice of maternity
 Health and the benefits of scientific
progress
 Non-discrimination and due respect
for difference
 Information, education, and decisionmaking
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The right to life and survival
The European Commission of
Human Rights considered a
complaint alleging a state’s
violation of the right to life of a
woman who had died in
childbirth!
To protect life against
unintentional loss!!!
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080100 +Maternal deaths per 100000 live births
150
100
Armenia
Croatia
Czech Republic
Georgia
Kyrgyzstan
Poland
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
50
0
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
080100 +Maternal deaths per 100000 live births
50
40
Lithuania
30
20
10
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
WHO:
Indicators to determine how fully
the substantive elements of the
right to health services are
satisfied:
 availability
 accessibility
 acceptability
 quality
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Objectives and Targets
 Reproductive




 Breast cancer
 Adolescents’
Choice
Safe Motherhood
SRH
STI/HIV control
 Refugees and
displaced
Sexual abuse
persons
and violence
 Migrant
Trafficking of
populations
women
 Aging people
SRH Strategies in transition
countries
 Countries have RH strategies:
ARM, AZE, BEL, BUL, CRO, EST, GEO, MDA,
ROM, RUS, UKR, UZB
 Countries that are developing RH
strategy: KAZ, KGZ
 Countries asking for assistance in
development – LTU, SVK, SVN
Population living on < 2 USD a day
(% of population)
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Bulgaria
Source: World Bank, 2001
Latvia
Poland
Russia
Moldova
280500 +Abortions per 1000 live births
Russia
Belarus
Estonia
Ukraine
Romania
Latvia
Bulgaria
Lithuania
Sweden
Italy
Norway
France
Finland
Switzerland
Poland
United Kingdom
Germany
Denmark
1990
2000
1990
2000
1980
2000
1980
2000
1980
2000
1990
2000
1970
2000
1989
2000
1975
2000
1980
1999
1985
2000
1986
1996
1980
2000
1980
1998
1985
1989
1980
1998
1991
2000
1970
1999
0
500
1000
First Available
1500
Last Available
2000
Unmet need for modern
contraception (%) (CDC-RH, 2003)
37
Ukraine
29
Romania
Armenia
16
Kazakhstan
Uzbekistan
0
10
34
13
20
30
40
No contraceptive use
(% of sexually active 15-year old girls)
HBSC survey, WHO, 2000
28
21
%
33
9
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Hungary
Poland
Latvia
Finland
Induced abortion - 1999
women < 20 years of age
(ab/per 1000 women )
35
31
30
23
25
20
15
10
5
5
0
ab/per 1000 women
Netherlands
Latvia
Belarus
To create supportive legislative and
regulatory frameworks:
 to review laws and policies to ensure
that they facilitate equitable access to
RSH education, information and
services
 to ensure that regulations and
standards are in place – necessary
commodities are available on a
consistent and equitable basis
 to set performance standards for the
provision of services
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