Transcript Exercise 7 Axial Skeleton Portland Community College BI 231 Bone Landmarks • All bones possess distinctive landmarks that are designed for specific functions. • Review table 7.1

Exercise 7
Axial Skeleton
Portland Community College
BI 231
Bone Landmarks
• All bones possess
distinctive landmarks
that are designed for
specific functions.
• Review table 7.1
Axial Skeleton
•
•
•
•
Skull
Spine
Thoracic Cage
Hyoid bone
Supraorbital ridge
Frontal Bone
Frontal Bone
Frontal Bone
Frontal Sinus
Parietal Bone
Parietal Bone
Parietal Bone
Parietal Bone
Temporal Bone
Temporal
Bone
Temporal Bone
External
Acoustic
Meatus
Zygomatic Arch
Mastoid Process
Mandibular fossa
Styloid Process
Temporal
Bone
Carotid Canal
Jugular Foramen
Temporal Bone
Temporal
Bone
Temporal
Bone
Occipital Bone
Occipital Condyles
Foramen Magnum
External occipital
protuberance
Nuchal lines
Occipital Bone
Coronal
Suture
Between the
Parietal bones
and the Frontal
Bone
Parietal Bone
Temporal
Bone
Occipital
Bone
Frontal
Bone
Squamous
Suture
Between the
Parietal bone
and the
Temporal Bone
Parietal Bone
Temporal
Bone
Occipital
Bone
Frontal
Bone
Sagittal
Suture
Between the
Right and Left
Parietal bones
Occipital
Bone
Parietal
Bone
(Right)
Parietal
Bone
(Left)
Frontal
Bone
Lambdoid
Suture
Between the
Parietal bones
and the Occipital
Bone
Parietal Bone
Temporal
Bone
Occipital
Bone
Frontal
Bone
Cranium
Floor
Anterior
Cranial Fossa
Middle
Cranial Fossa
Posterior
Cranial Fossa
Sphenoid
Bone
Foramen
lacerum
Lesser Wing
Greater Wing
Sella Turcica
Foramen
rotundum
Foramen
ovale
Foramen
spinosum
Sphenoid
Bone
Hypophyseal
Fossa
Dorsum Sella
Petrous ridge
Internal
acoustic canal
Sphenoid Bone
Pterygoid Process
Sphenoidal Sinus
Sphenoid Bone
Lesser Wing
Greater
Wing
Pterygoid
Process
Lateral Pterygoid
Plate
Medial Pterygoid
Plate
Ethmoid Bone
Crista Galli
Perpendicular
Plate
Ethmoid Bone
Middle Nasal
Conchae
Perpendicular
Plate
Ethmoid Bone
Cristae Galli
Cribriform
Plate
Perpendicular Plate
Facial Bones
Inferior
Nasal
Conchae
Vomer
Middle Nasal
Conchae (Ethmoid)
Perpendicular Plate
(Ethmoid)
Facial Bones
Zygomatic Bone
Temporal
Process
Zygomatic Arch
Maxilla
Hard Palate
Infraorbital
foramen
Alveolar processes
Palatine
Bone
Vomer
Mandible
Coronoid
Process
Mandibular
Condyle
Alveolar
Process
Ramus
Angle
Mental
Foramen
Body
Mandible
Mylohyoid Line
Mandibular
Foramen
Orbit
Openings
•
•
•
•
•
•
Foramen rotundum
Foramen lacerum
Foramen ovale
Jugular foramen
Internal acoustic canal
Hypoglossal canal
Ethmoid Air C
Sinuses
Frontal
Sphenoidal
Maxillary
Fetal Skull
Superior
View
Fetal Skull
Wormian (Sutural) Bones
Small islands
of bone that fill
gaps in sutures.
Present in
varying
amounts
Cervical Spine
• 7 Vertebra
• C1-C7
• Concave Posterior
Thoracic Spine
•
•
•
•
12 Vertebra
T1-T12
Convex Posterior
Attach to the ribs
Lumbar Spine
• 5 Vertebra
• L1-L5
• Concave Posterior
Sacral Spine
• 5 Fused Vertebra
• “Sacrum”
Coccyx
• 4 Fused Vertebra
Sacrum
5 Fused Vertebrae
Sacrum
Sacral Foramina
Sacrum
Sacral Promontory
Typical structure of vertebra
Intervertebral Foraminae
Intervertebral Disk
Annulus Fibrosus
(Fibrocartilage)
Nucleus Pulposus
Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)
Vertebral
Foramen
BODY
Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)
Transverse
Processes
Transverse
Foramen
Cervical Vertebrae
C1: Atlas
Superior
Articular Facet
Cervical Vertebrae
C2: Axis
Odontoid
Process (Dens)
Cervical Vertebrae
C1 & C2 Joined Together
Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)
Bifid
Spinous
Process
Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)
Superior
Articular
Process
Superior
Articular
Facet
Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)
Vertebral Arch
Thoracic Vertebrae
Spinous
Process
Thoracic Vertebrae
Costal Facets on the
Transverse Process
(for rib attachment)
Lumbar Vertebrae
BODY
Sacroiliac Joints
Coccyx
4 Rudimentary
Vertebrae
Hyoid Bone
Greater Horn
Lesser Horn
BODY
Sternum
Manubrium
Sternal
Angle
Body
Xiphoid
Process
Ribs 1-7: True Ribs
Ribs 8-10: False Ribs
Ribs 11 & 12: Floating Ribs
Costovertebral
Angle
Ribs
Ribs Attached to Thoracic
Vertebrae
The End