Transcript ENZYMES 2-4 http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/cat-removed/enzyme_.gif Chemical reactions need help to get started. Ex: A fire needs a match to get it started. http://www.chuckwagondiner.com/art/matches.jpg http://plato.acadiau.ca/COURSES/comm/g5/Fire_Animation.gif.

ENZYMES
2-4
http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/cat-removed/enzyme_.gif
Chemical reactions need help to get
started.
Ex: A fire needs a match to get it
started.
http://www.chuckwagondiner.com/art/matches.jpg
http://plato.acadiau.ca/COURSES/comm/g5/Fire_Animation.gif
______________
Energy required to get a chemical
reaction _______________
STARTED
ACTIVATION ENERGY
= ________________________
ACTIVATION
ENERGY
REACTANTS
PRODUCTS
Image from: Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved
Image from: Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved
CATALYSTS HELP CHEMICAL
___________
HAPPEN FASTER
REACTIONS _______________
Catalysts work by ____________
DECREASING the
___________________________to
ACTIVATION ENERGY required
get a chemical reaction started.
IT’S LIKE PUSHING A
SNOWBALL UP A HILL
Once it gets to top . . .
it can roll back all by itself
http://www.gifs.net
Image from: http://www.hillstrath.on.ca/moffatt/bio3a/digestive/enzanim.htm
CATALYSTS in Living Things
In living systems
PROTEINS that
__________
act as catalysts
________________to
control chemical
reactions are called
ENZYMES
= _________
SEE ANIMATION
of AMYLASE
More about this in Chapters 7,8,9 and 12
Video 4
Enzymatic Reactions 2D
• Click the image to play the video segment.
PROTEINS CAN BE ENZYMES
ENZYME
ACTIVE
SITE
SUBSTRATE
ENZYME-SUBSTRATE
COMPLEX
ENZYME
Unchanged
& Reusable
Image modified from: http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/cat-removed/enzyme_.gif
Arrow: http://www.gifanimations.com/action/ImageDisplay/1/2/11/next
PRODUCTS
Click HERE to
learn more about enzymes
FIT like
ENZYMES _____
a _______________
LOCK AND KEY
SUBSTRATE
to only _________of
_________.
ONE KIND
Enzymes are ___________
UNCHANGED by the
reaction and ___________
REUSABLE
http://www.grand-illusions.com/images/articles/toyshop/trick_lock/mainimage.jpg
FACTORS THAT AFFECT ENZYME
ACTIVITY
temperature
pH
__________
& ______________
Conditions that are TOO ACIDIC
or TOO HOT cause proteins to
UNWIND or _________
DENATURE
________
See a movie
Choose narrated
http://www.desktopfotos.de/Downloads/melt_cd.jpg
http://www.nealbrownstudio.com/adm/photo/163_nb_fried_egg.jpg
Denaturing _______
changes the _______
shape of the
ACTIVE SITE so enzyme
______________
SUBSTRATE
______________
CAN’T BIND to ____________
_______________
HOMEOSTASIS (keeping pH and
temperature constant) is ______________
IMPORTANT
ENZYME FUNCTION
for maintaining ____________________
Image modified from: http://www.lewport.wnyric.org/jwanamaker/animations/Enzyme%20activity.html
-ASE
Many enzyme NAMES end in _____
and the beginning of the name tells
what it does
DNA Polymerase= “polymerizes”
joins monomers to make DNA
Protease=
breaks down proteins
ATP synthase= synthesizes ATP
MAKE CONNECTIONS
How is the SHAPE of an enzyme
related to its FUNCTION?
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http://www.webweaver.nu/clipart/img/misc/construction/hammer-animation.gif
SOUTH DAKOTA
CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS
LIFE SCIENCE:
Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures,
functions, classifications, and mechanisms found
in living things
9-12.L.1.1. Students are able to relate cellular
functions and processes to specialized
structures within cells.
EXAMPLE: role of enzymes
SOUTH DAKOTA ADVANCED STANDARDS
LIFE SCIENCE
Indicator 1: Understand the
fundamental structures, functions,
classifications, and mechanisms
found in living things.
9-12.L.1.2A. (Synthesis) Describe how living
systems use biofeedback mechanisms to
maintain homeostasis.
9-12.L.1.4A. (Application) Identify factors that
change the rates of enzyme catalyzed reactions.
Core High School Life Science
Performance Descriptors
High school students
performing at the
ADVANCED level:
explain how protein production is regulated;
predict how homeostasis is maintained within living systems;
High school students
performing at the
PROFICIENT level:
describe and give examples of chemical reactions required to
sustain life (hydrolysis, dehydration synthesis, …ADP/ATP, role
of enzymes);
High school students
performing at the
BASIC level
name chemical reactions required to sustain life (hydrolysis,
dehydration synthesis, photosynthesis, cellular respiration,
ADP/ATP, role of enzymes);
recognize that different structures perform different functions;
identify DNA as the structure that carries the genetic code;
define homeostasis;
describe the relationship between structure and function