Transcript Chapter 20 Notes: Part I Acids and Bases What are some common acids? • Vinegar (acetic acid) • Carbonated drinks (carbonic and phosphoric acid) •

Chapter 20 Notes: Part I
Acids and Bases
What are some common acids?
• Vinegar (acetic acid)
• Carbonated drinks (carbonic
and phosphoric acid)
• Citrus fruits (citric acid)
• Car battery (sulfuric acid)
What are some common bases?
• Milk of magnesia (an antacid
containing magnesium
hydroxide)
• Many cleaning products
(ammonia, etc)
What properties do acids have?
Acids tend to be:
• Tart or sour tasting
• Electrolytes (in solution)
• They can cause chemical dyes
(called indicators) to change
colors
What properties do bases have?
Bases tend to be:
• Bitter tasting
• Slippery feeling when touched
• Able to neutralize an acid
• Also electrolytes (in solution)
What is an acid?
• An acid is a compound that
produces hydrogen ions (H+)
when dissolved in water.
• The formula would be HaX,
where X is any monatomic or
polyatomic anion and a is the
anion’s charge.
Naming an Acid
• When the name of the anion
(X) ends in –ide, the name
begins with hydro-, then the
stem of the anion, then the
name ends with –ic acid
instead of -ide.
• ex) HCl is hydrochloric acid
Naming an Acid
• When the name of the ion ends
in –ite, then the name would be
the stem of the anion and the
suffix –ous acid instead of –ite.
• H2SO3 is sulfurous acid
Naming an Acid
• When the name of the ion ends
in –ate, then the name would be
the stem of the anion and the
suffix –ic acid instead of-ate.
• H2SO4 is sulfuric acid
Naming an Acid
Negative ion:
_____ ide
_____ ite
_____ ate
Acid Name:
hydro___ic acid
_____ous acid
_____ic acid
What is a base?
• A base is a compound that
produces hydroxide (OH-) ions
when in solution.
• Bases are named the same way
that an ionic compound would
be named.
• NaOH is sodium Hydroxide
Name the following acids and bases:
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HClO3
H3PO4
HF
HNO3
KOH
Ba(OH)2
H3PO3
Name the following acids and bases:
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HClO3
chloric acid
H3PO4
HF
HNO3
KOH
Ba(OH)2
H3PO3
Name the following acids and bases:
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HClO3
chloric acid
H3PO4
phosphoric acid
HF
HNO3
KOH
Ba(OH)2
H3PO3
Name the following acids and bases:
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HClO3
chloric acid
H3PO4
phosphoric acid
HF
hydrofluoric acid
HNO3
KOH
Ba(OH)2
H3PO3
Name the following acids and bases:
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HClO3
H3PO4
HF
HNO3
KOH
Ba(OH)2
H3PO3
chloric acid
phosphoric acid
hydrofluoric acid
nitric acid
Name the following acids and bases:
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HClO3
H3PO4
HF
HNO3
KOH
Ba(OH)2
H3PO3
chloric acid
phosphoric acid
hydrofluoric acid
nitric acid
potassium hydroxide
Name the following acids and bases:
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HClO3
H3PO4
HF
HNO3
KOH
Ba(OH)2
H3PO3
chloric acid
phosphoric acid
hydrofluoric acid
nitric acid
potassium hydroxide
barium hydroxide
Name the following acids and bases:
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HClO3
H3PO4
HF
HNO3
KOH
Ba(OH)2
H3PO3
chloric acid
phosphoric acid
hydrofluoric acid
nitric acid
potassium hydroxide
barium hydroxide
phosphorous acid
Write the formula for the following:
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hydroiodic acid
calcium hydroxide
nitrous acid
ammonium hydroxide
nitric acid
hydrobromic acid
phosphoric acid
Write the formula for the following:
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hydroiodic acid
HI
calcium hydroxide
nitrous acid
ammonium hydroxide
nitric acid
hydrobromic acid
phosphoric acid
Write the formula for the following:
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hydroiodic acid
HI
calcium hydroxide
Ca(OH)2
nitrous acid
ammonium hydroxide
nitric acid
hydrobromic acid
phosphoric acid
Write the formula for the following:
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hydroiodic acid
HI
calcium hydroxide
Ca(OH)2
nitrous acid
HNO2
ammonium hydroxide
nitric acid
hydrobromic acid
phosphoric acid
Write the formula for the following:
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hydroiodic acid
calcium hydroxide
nitrous acid
ammonium hydroxide
nitric acid
hydrobromic acid
phosphoric acid
HI
Ca(OH)2
HNO2
NH4OH
Write the formula for the following:
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hydroiodic acid
calcium hydroxide
nitrous acid
ammonium hydroxide
nitric acid
hydrobromic acid
phosphoric acid
HI
Ca(OH)2
HNO2
NH4OH
HNO3
Write the formula for the following:
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hydroiodic acid
calcium hydroxide
nitrous acid
ammonium hydroxide
nitric acid
hydrobromic acid
phosphoric acid
HI
Ca(OH)2
HNO2
NH4OH
HNO3
HBr
Write the formula for the following:
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hydroiodic acid
calcium hydroxide
nitrous acid
ammonium hydroxide
nitric acid
hydrobromic acid
phosphoric acid
HI
Ca(OH)2
HNO2
NH4OH
HNO3
HBr
H3PO4