Transcript Radio-Frequency Matters Philippe TRISTANT ([email protected]) Frequency Manager of Météo France Chairman of the Steering Group on Radio Frequency Coordination (SG-RFC) WMO CBS-ISS 21 September 2006

Radio-Frequency Matters
Philippe TRISTANT
([email protected])
Frequency Manager of Météo France
Chairman of the Steering Group on Radio Frequency Coordination (SG-RFC)
WMO CBS-ISS
21 September 2006
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Radio Frequencies
• Radio-Frequency represent scarce and key resources for the
meteorological community
• stressed in WMO Resolution 3 SG-RFC(Cg-XIV) – Radio
frequencies for meteorological and related environmental
activities –
• radiocommunications are moving fast and there is a huge and
increasing pressure on the whole spectrum from the industry
representing huge economical an political interests
• This could potentially put at risk the whole meteorological
process
• Justifying a global and increased involvement of the
meteorological community in frequency matters to safeguard
interests
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21 September 2006
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SG-RFC
• Last SG-RFC was held 16-17 March 2006
• Meeting Report is available at :
http://www.wmo.int/web/www/TEM/SG-RFC06/documents.html
• On short, the meeting :
– Made a general review of all issues related to radio-frequency,
recognising the increasing pressure on corresponding frequency
bands
– Supported the WMO implication in the GEO task on frequency (AR06-11)
– Noted the new issue on potential impact of wind-farms on radars
– Adopted
the
preliminary
WMO
positions
on
World
Radiocommunication Conference 2007 (WRC-07) agenda
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Workshop
• Following last SG-RFC, WMO organised a Workshop 20-21
March 2006
• The aim of this Workshop was to present the frequency issues
to a larger number of WMO members as well as some outside
organisations (ITU and European Commission in particular)
• General and detailed presentations were ensured, in particular
on presenting the WMO position related to WRC-07 :
http://www.wmo.int/web/www/TEM/RF-W-2006/workplan.html
• Workshop was highly appreciated from both members and
outside organisations
• It was recognised that for next Workshop, enlarging outside
invitation could help advertising both our frequency uses and
requirements
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SG-RFC and Workshop Message
• WMO is able to raise positions and concerns to international
bodies in charge of Frequency management
• Our action is sometimes limited by the fact that Frequency
issues are handled by National Radio Authorities (NRA)
• NRA are in general not aware of the specific use of radiospectrum by meteorological community and in particular
obligations under the WWW
• Each National Meteorological service needs to get involved by :
– Contacting its NRA to relay our positions and concerns
– providing SG-RFC all relevant information pertaining to their
national situation
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21 September 2006
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WRC-07
• WRC-07 is schedule 22 October – 16 November in Geneva
• The Conference Preparatory Meeting (CPM) will meet in
Geneva 5-16 March 2007
• 7 items concern frequency bands or issues of prime interest for
Meteorology
• 5 items do not directly concern meteorological interests but
might have an impact on frequency bands used for
meteorological purposes
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21 September 2006
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WRC-07 agenda items of prime interest
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
agenda item 1.2 :
Extension of the 18 GHz METSAT allocation
and protection of the 10.7 and 36 GHz EESS (passive) bands
agenda item 1.3 :
Upgrading and protection of radiolocation in the
9 GHz range, and 200 MHz extension of the Earth exploration satellite
service (EESS) allocation at 9500-9800 MHz
agenda item 1.4 :
Impact on meteorological radars related to
future frequency bands for IMT-2000
agenda item 1.12 :
Coordination and notification procedures for
Earth Exploration Satellite Service (EESS) (active and passive)
sensors
agenda item 1.17 :
Protection of the 1.4 GHz EESS (passive) band
agenda item 1.20 :
Unwanted emissions in EESS (passive) bands
agenda item 7.2 :
WRC-10 agenda (bands above 275 GHz)
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Other WRC-07 agenda items of interest
•
•
•
•
•
agenda item 1.5 :
Possible additional allocations for aeronautical
telecommand and high bit-rate aeronautical telemetry between 3 and
30 GHz
agenda item 1.6 :
Additional allocations for Aeronautical Mobile
Service between 108 MHz and 6 GHz
agenda item 1.8 :
High Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS) in the
28 and 31 GHz band
agenda item 1.18 :
Pfd limits for Highly Elliptical Orbit (HIO)
satellites in the frequency band 17.7-19.7 GHz
agenda item 1.19 :
Internet satellite applications
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Agenda item 1.2 (WRC-07)
“to consider allocations and regulatory issues related to the Earth
exploration-satellite (passive) service, space research (passive) service
and the meteorological satellite service in accordance with Resolutions
746 (WRC-03) and 742 (WRC-03)”
3 issues related to meteorological applications :
– Issue 1 : protection of the passive band 36-37 GHz
– Issue 2 : extension of the 18.1-18.3 GHz METSAT allocation
– Issue 3 : protection of the passive band 10.6-10.68 GHz
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Agenda item 1.2 (WRC-07)
Issue 1 : protection of the passive band 36-37 GHz
– the band 36-37 GHz is vital for the study of global water circulation
since this band is able to monitor the rain, the snow, the ocean ice
and the water vapour for ocean and land surfaces
– A number of passive sensors and radio altimeters are already using
or are planning to use this frequency band in the near future
– This band is shared with active services (Fixed and Mobile) that
may interfere passive measurements if transmitting at high power
WMO supports the protection of the 36-37 GHz passive bands and
believes that identification of the maximum e.i.r.p and power for fixed
and mobile links could provide a means to ensure such a protection.
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Agenda item 1.2 (WRC-07)
Issue 2 : extension of the 18.1-18.3 GHz METSAT allocation at 18 GHz
– current allocation is given in RR footnote 5.519 (18.1 -18.3 GHz)
– Not sufficient to fulfil the expected requirements of next generation
geostationary METSAT (2015-2020) :
• UV and IR sounding
• Higher resolution and repetition rate
– 2 options for the extension:
• 18.0 -18.1 GHz : political issues in relation with the appendix 30A BSS plan
• 18.3 -18.4 GHz : few countries intend to use this band for high density FSS
WMO is of the view that such extension will not constrain existing
services provided that the same regulatory conditions as in the 18.118.3 GHz band (e.g. Article 21 pfd limits) are applied. WMO does not
favour one of the options over the other (18-18.1 GHz band or 18.318.4 GHz band) but believes that a worldwide allocation in a single
band would be preferred.
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21 September 2006
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Agenda item 1.2 (WRC-07)
Issue 3 : protection of the passive band 10.6-10.68 GHz
– the band 10.6-10.7 GHz is of primary interest to measure rain, snow, sea
state and ocean wind for ocean and land surfaces
– A number of passive sensors and radio altimeters are already using or are
planning to use this frequency band in the near future
– The band 10.68-10.7 GHz is covered by RR footnote 5.340 (all emissions
are prohibited)
– The band 10.6-10.68 GHz is shared with active services (Fixed and Mobile)
with limits set in footnote 5.482 (40 dBW eirp and –3 dBW power)
WMO supports the protection of the 10.6-10.68 GHz passive bands (the band
10.68-10.7 GHz is covered under RR footnote 5.340). It should, however, be
stressed that current deployments of FS links in certain administrations already
create significant levels of passive measurement degradation in this band.
Additional constraints on the 10.6-10.68 GHz passive band would hence not be
acceptable and therefore, WMO strongly encourages the identification of the
maximum power and eirp for fixed and mobile services that would protect EESS
(passive) in the 10.6-10.68 GHz band.
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Agenda item 1.2 (WRC-07)
RFI in unprotected
band at 10.6 GHz
over Europe and
Japan.
From: Chris Kidd (Univ.
Birmingham, UK)
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Agenda item 1.3 (WRC-07)
“in accordance with Resolution 747 (WRC-03), consider upgrading the
radiolocation service to primary allocation status in the bands 9 0009 200 MHz and 9 300-9 500 MHz and extending by up to 200MHz the
existing primary allocations to the Earth exploration-satellite service
(active) and the space research service (active) in the band 9 5009 800 MHz without placing undue constraint on the services to which
the bands are allocated”
Meteorological radars in the 9300-9500 MHz are currently seen as the
adequate solution to improve the coverage of the radar networks
deployed in the 2.8 and 5.6 GHz bands
2 issues related to meteorological applications :
– Issue 1 : upgrading the radiolocation status in the 9300-9500 MHz band
– Issue 2 : Sharing between meteorological radars and EESS (active) in the
9300-9500 MHz band
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Agenda item 1.3 (WRC-07)
Issue 1 : upgrading the radiolocation status in the 9300-9500 MHz band
– the radiolocation service is currently secondary (no interference – no
protection)
– RR footnote 5.475 states that “In the band 9300-9500 MHz, ground-based
radars used for meteorological purposes have priority over other
radiolocation devices”
– Current meteorological radars have been deployed without adverse impact
on Radionavigation service
– General support in ITU-R to allow for upgrading to primary but some
countries wish to add a “no interference – no protection” footnote (de facto
secondary)
WMO supports the upgrade to primary of Radiolocation Service in the
band 9 300-9 500 MHz on an equal footing with Radionavigation
Service retaining (either in the current or new footnote) the provisions
of RR 5.475 that addresses meteorological radars.
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Agenda item 1.3 (WRC-07)
Issue 2 : sharing with EESS (active) in the 9300-9500 MHz band
– EESS (active) currently allocated in the 9500-9800 MHz band
– Need expressed for a 200 MHz extension to cover Synthetic Aperture
Radars (SAR)
– Current studies show that SAR may interfere with meteorological radars,
but on a very short term
– There is a wide consensus in the ITU-R in line with WMO position
Subject to final studies showing that the potential interference impact to
meteorological radar operations is insignificant, WMO could support extension
to the band 9 300-9 500 MHz of the EESS (active) and the space research
service (active) allocations. The present RR footnote 5.476A would also need to
be extended to this band. Also, WMO is of the view that, to limit the risk of
interference, such extension should be limited to EESS (active) systems that
needs a bandwidth higher than the current 300 MHz allocation. Should EESS
(active) and space research service (active) allocations not be possible in the
lower band, WMO could also support such allocations in the 9800-10000 MHz
band.
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21 September 2006
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Agenda item 1.4 (WRC-07)
““to consider frequency-related matters for the future development of
IMT-2000 and systems beyond IMT-2000 taking into account the
results of ITU-R studies in accordance with Resolution 228 (Rev. WRC03)”
2 bands of interest for the meteorological community are currently
considered for IMT-2000 identification :
– 2700-2900 MHz band : meteorological radars
– 5150-5725 MHz : EESS (active) in the 5250-5350 MHz and 54705570 MHz bands and meteorological radars in the 5470-5650 MHz
band
The case of the band 3400-3800 MHz for satellite communications also
needs to be stressed
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21 September 2006
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Agenda item 1.4 (WRC-07)
– The issue of the 2700-2900 MHz band was already considered in
preparation of WRC-2000
– Despite studies showed that sharing is not feasible, a number of
administrations are putting pressure on this band and propose to
limit IMT to some kind of applications presenting less constraints !
– The 5 GHz band was considered by the WRC-03 that allocated the
band to the Mobile service, limited to RLAN, with a number of
specific constraints to protect radars and EESS (active)
– IMT-2000 (nomadic) may be identified under the RLAN constraints
– In the too cases, there is also a high risk that once identified for
IMT-2000, future initiative be made to relax or withdraw current
limitations (see agenda item 1.9)
Keeping in mind studies in the 2700-2900 MHz prior to WRC-2000 that
already concluded on the non compatibility between IMT-2000 and
radars, WMO is strongly opposed to any IMT-2000 identification in the
2700-2900 MHz and 5250-5650 MHz bands.
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21 September 2006
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Agenda item 1.4 (WRC-07)
Interference to 5 GHz radars
from RLAN
Poland
Hungary
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Agenda item 1.20 (WRC-07)
“to consider the results of studies, and proposals for regulatory
measures, if appropriate, regarding the protection of the Earth
exploration-satellite service (passive) from unwanted emissions of
active services in accordance with Resolution 738 (WRC-03)”
– Highly sensitive and political issue, on the agenda of the last 3
WRCs
– Concerns the main passive bands covered in RR footnote 5.340
(All emissions are prohibited)
– Technical work to determine the adequate out-of-band levels
– Regulatory issue on whether or not to include these levels in the
RR
WMO supports appropriate regulatory measures in the Radio
Regulations to ensure the protection of the Earth exploration satellite
service (passive) from unwanted emissions. Such measures should
minimize the burden on the relevant active services but the protection
the related passive bands should be a prerequisite
WMOof
CBS-ISS
21 September 2006
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Agenda item 7.2 (WRC-07)
– Concern the preparation of the next WRC (2010/2011)
– The Preliminary agenda for the 2010 World Radiocommunication
Conference already includes the following item :
to consider frequency allocations between 275 GHz and 3 000 GHz taking into account
the result of ITU-R studies in accordance with Resolution 950 (WRC-03); The issue of
the 2700-2900 MHz band was already conisdered in preparation of WRC-2000
– Passive sensing present direct interest for meteorological
community (already few operational sensors)
– Early assessment would be welcomed but there is a lack of
knowledge concerning active services
WMO supports either the retention of agenda item 2.2 (WRC-10) or, as
an alternative, consideration of a modified agenda item that would
propose to review and revise RR footnote 5.565 to update the uses of
the spectrum from 275 to 3 000 GHz by the Earth exploration-satellite
(passive), radio astronomy, and space research (passive) services.
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21 September 2006
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WMO output and actions for WRC-07
•
•
•
•
•
•
SG-RFC has issued Preliminary WMO positions that have been sent to
ITU-R
WMO was represented (by SG-RFC members) and contributed within
ITU-R groups
WMO secretariat will soon distribute these positions to all WMO
members encouraging them to advertise to a large extent these
positions, in particular to their NRA
A revised version of WMO positions will be prepared prior to the CPM
to take advantage of recent ITU-R discussions
Also, the possibility to organise a Workshop during CPM (targeting on
Radio Administrations) is under consideration
WMO representation and contributions will be ensured for WRC-07, but
detailed organisation yet to be defined
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21 September 2006
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Generic UWB applications
• new technology for civil applications using bandwidth of several
GHz and transmits at very low power (mainly below 10 GHz but
also Automotive radars at 24 GHz)
• could represented a serious threat for meteorological
applications, in particular passive bands as well as
meteorological radar (S, C and X bands)
• WMO has been heavily involved in this issue in ITU-R TG 1/8
either on a European or international basis
• Satisfactory outcomes, even though some administrations may
not (or have not) follow the Recommendations
• The final results in Europe are totally satisfactory since all
meteorological bands are protected (UWB will be focusing in the
6-8.5 GHz and possibly in the 3-5 GHz bands)
• SG-RFC will issue a summary on UWB issues
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21 September 2006
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Spectrum Overview
GPR/WPR and imaging UWB devices
Communications and location tracking UWB devices
F (GHz)
0
1
2
3
Radiosondes and
wind profilers
Wind profilers
1400-1427 MHz
passive band
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5
6
Radiosondes and
METSAT
8
9
10
6.7-7.1 GHz
passive band
EESS (active)
Weather radars
7
10.6-10.7 GHz
passive band
Weather radars
EESS (active)
11
Weather radars
METSAT
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Public consultations
• SG-RFC, has initiated a work to respond public consultations
issued by radiocommunication bodies (National or Regional)
• Responses are prepared by correspondence
– Response to the Australian Administrations on a Decision related to
SRR 24 GHz and RLAN 5 GHz : negative and positive outcomes
– Response to the European Commission on a high level “Opinion”
related to scientific use of the spectrum : positive outcomes
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Handbook
• The joint ITU/WMO handbook on “Use of radio spectrum for
Meteorology” is widely recognised as an important tool for
understanding our specific applications
• It was issued in 2002 and certainly needs an update
• SG-RFC is currently working on a revision, targeting a release
prior WRC-07
• Work is on-going since about 1 year and a specific SG-RFC
meeting was organised 4th September
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GEO
• From the beginning, WMO is involved in GEO and in particular
with regards to the protection of radio-frequencies
• When GEO Task related to radio-frequency (AR-06-11) has
been adopted, WMO evidently proposed itself to lead this task
according to its current involvement in frequency management
and in particular its ability to further positions at ITU-R level
• SG-RFC chairman is now the Point of Contact (POC) of this
task
• Work is in progress and a general GEO “Resolution” will be
prepared
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21 September 2006
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Economical and societal impact
• Facing powerful radio lobbies representing huge economical
impacts, radiocommunication administrations are more and
more undertaking “impact” analysis of the use of each frequency
bands
• The meteorological applications are not exonerated
• SG-RFC has decided to draft a general document stressing
societal and economical impacts of meteorology in the light of
spectrum use
• It will build upon in particular on materials presented during the
discussions at European Commission levels (UK Metoffice,
WMO,…),
• All other information from members will be welcomed
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Wind farms issue
– In front of huge pressure and potential deployment of Wind
farms, Meteo France has undertaken technical studies to
determine their impact on meteorological radars *:
• Blocking
• Clutter
• Doppler effect
– These studies, confirmed by testing, shows that the worst
impact is on Doppler, due to tremendous reflections on wind
mills (RCS up to 30 dBsm)
– Led to a specific report in France recommending exclusion
(5 and 10 km) and coordination (20 and 30 km) distances for
C and S band meteorological radars**
* similar studies are on-going in the US
** Similar recommendations are also made for Civil aviation and military radars
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Wind farms responses
on main beam
Wind farms issue
Evolution de la porte 112 ( correspondant à 17 km du radar)
70,00
60,00
50,00
réfelectivité en dBZ
40,00
30,00
20,00
10,00
0,00
180,0
210,0
240,0
-10,00
-20,00
-30,00
azimut en deg
Wind farms responses on side lobes
WMO CBS-ISS
270,0
• Wind farms at 17 km
• Direct
response
without filtering
• Over 90° Azimuth
• Confirms
huge
response
and
equivalent RCS of
about 23dBsm
• Highlight the huge
impact over radar
side lobes (radar
sensitivity at about –
15 dBz at 17 km)
• And
hence
the
Doppler impact
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Future work
• SG-RFC will meet in 2007 prior the CPM tentatively mid January
in the US (TBC)
• Another meeting will certainly be organised prior the WRC
• Of course, correspondence group is active that allows
discussions in interim period
• This is in particular important for preparing contributions and
attendance to ITU-R meeting and in particular :
– Working Party 8B (radars)
– Working party 7B and 7C (meteorological applications)
• this is of the utmost importance that WMO be represented
(Either by Secretariat or SG-RFC members) each time
meteorological interests are discussed
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Conclusions
• Radiofrequency matters is increasingly strategic for the
meteorological community,
• Currently, apart radiosondes, all spectrum usages related to the
meteorological process are under threats, and in particular
passive bands
• Global involvement from WMO and members is mandatory, at
national and international levels
• SG-RFC is of course totally open for any details and support
Thank you for your attention
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