John Craddock Infrastructure & Security Architect XTSeminars Ltd Session Code: SIA319

Agenda

AD module for Windows PowerShell AD Administrative Center AD Best Practice Analyser Managed Service Accounts Offline domain join Authentication mechanism assurance AD Recycle Bin

Windows PowerShell for AD

PowerShell v2 includes an AD Module Comprehensive set of AD cmdlets for AD DS and AD LDS administration, configuration and diagnostic tasks Easy to compose and manage complex tasks PowerShell drives for AD Simple navigation in AD DS, AD LDS and AD Snapshots Certain tasks can only be achieved through PowerShell

Example

Import-module ActiveDirectory New-ADUser -Name “Craddock John” -SamAccountName “jcraddock" -AccountPassword (ConvertTo-SecureString -AsPlainText “Temp0Pwd0!" -Force) -Enabled $true -ChangePasswordAtLogon $true -GivenName “John" -Surname “Craddock" -UserPrincipalName “[email protected]” -Path “OU=Admins,OU=UK,DC=example,DC=com"

AD Web Services (ADWS)

WS-* LDAP Mounted AD instance PowerShell Cmdlets ADWS 9389 LDAP 389 AD LDS instance AD / GC LDAP 3268 ADWS is automatically installed with AD DS and AD LDS Port 9389 must be open for remote administration Active Directory Management Gateway (ADMG) service available for Windows Server 2003 and 2008 Does not support instances of AD Mounting Tool

AD Administrative Center

Built on PowerShell Cmdlets Task-oriented model Simultaneously connect to other domains Progressive disclosure of data Powerful Searching

Best Practice Analyser

Compares current configuration on DC to best practice recommendations Scan started via Server Manager or PowerShell Results through UI and PowerShell output Provides guidance, does not fix problems Red Eye Warning Information Quarterly updates

Collecting and Analysing Data

XML Schema Validation AD DS BPA PowerShell Script Collects data XML Results document BPA Run Time AD DS BPA rule set Analysis AD DS BPA guidance AD DS BPA Report

Service Accounts

Password changes must be updated on the service account Domain Domain account Username: SRV1 Password: ***** User Username: SRV1 Password: ***** Using built in accounts for services does not provide service isolation What’s the alternative?

Run the services using standard user accounts How many of you change services account passwords on a regular basis?

Any problems?

Managed Service Accounts

Domain: example.com

Domain account name: SVC1 Configure service: Append $ to account name 3 Username: example\svc1$ Password: Domain Created in domain: 1 New-ADServiceAccount svc1 4 Server automatically resets based on “Max machine account password age” 2 Install-ADServiceAccount svc1 Can reset password with Reset-ADServiceAccountPassword svc1 Accounts must be created and managed through Windows PowerShell SERVER1

Requirements & Caveats

Service / application requiring managed account must be running on Windows 7 or 2008 R2 Requires AD Module for Windows PowerShell to be installed Forest and domain must be prepared for 2008 R2 adprep /forestprep & adprep /domianprep 2008 R2 domain functional level adds SPN management Managed accounts cannot be shared across multiple servers

Offline Domain Joins

Allows a Windows 7 or Windows 2008 R2 machines to be joined to a domain while offline On start up, the machine is already domain joined and there is no reboot requirement Speeds up deployment of VMs and scripted installs New section in unattended.xml supports offline domain joins Simplifies domain joins to RODCs

Djoin.exe

Djoin /provision /domain example.com / machine ms1 /savefile ms1.txt

Domain Computer account metadata.

Base-64 encoded, treat as security sensitive Computer account object Offline VHD or Physical system djoin /requestODJ /loadfile /windowspath Requires /localos Add account metadata Online VHD or Physical system Requires reboot Unattended.xml

Windows 7 or 2008 R2 required for Computers running djoin Computers being joined to domain

Authentication Mechanism Assurance

Restricted access Full access Normal authentication Strong authentication Allows applications to control access to resources based on authentication strength For example only allow access to a resource if the user has been authenticated using a SmartCard Require Windows 2008 R2 domain functionality

Resource Access Control

When a certificate based logon method is used an administrator-designated universal group is added to the user’s Kerberos token This group is then used to control access to resources It is possible to add different groups based on the type of certificate used to logon Access to resources can consequently be based on the certificate type

Recycle Bin for AD

Requires 2008 R2 Forest functionality PowerShell driven Enable-ADOptionalFeature ‘Recycle Bin Feature’ – Scope ForestOrConfigurationSet –Target ‘forest’ Once enabled cannot be disabled Get-ADObject –LDAPFilter {} –IncludeDeletedObjects Restore-ADObject –Identity Parent object must be restored in advance of child object Restores all attributes including linked Attributes

No Recycle Bin

Majority of attributes deleted Live object Delete Tombstone object Offline authoritative restore Garbage collection Tombstone lifetime (180 days) X Purged from directory Re-animate API restores objects while on-line Many attributes missing Re-animation does not restore multi-valued linked attributes such as group membership

Recycle Bin Enabled

Live object Delete All attributes retained Deleted object Deleted object lifetime (180 days) Online undelete Recycled object Garbage collection Tombstone lifetime (180 days) X Purged from directory All attributes restored

Other Thoughts

Backups are valid for max of smallest value of DOL or TSL Best practice recommendation DOL = TSL Anticipated database growth 5-10% On deletion, regulatory compliance may not allow retained of full copy of deleted object Permanently delete with Get-Adobject –LDAPFilter {} –IncludeDeletedObjects | Remove-ADObject

What to Know More?

Come to my session SIA402 Online Recovery of Active Directory Deleted Objects and the Windows Server 2008 R2 Recycle Bin Friday 13/11/2009 13:00-14:15 Budapest - Hall 7-2b

The Path to Windows Server 2008 R2

Prep forest and domain for Windows 2008 R2 Windows 7 clients can be provision with offline domain joins against existing 2003/2008 infrastructure Install Active Directory Management Gateway (ADMG) service on Windows 2003/2008 servers Use AD PowerShell and ADAC running on Windows 7 Upgraded servers can use Managed Service Accounts

Functional Levels

Switches to R2 domain and forest functionality are reversible Use PowerShell to reverse Cannot be reversed once Recycle Bin is enabled 2008 R2 domain functionality for: Authentication Mechanism Assurance SPN management for Manage Service Accounts 2008 R2 forest functionality allows Recycle Bin to be enabled

What’s your Favourite?

AD module for Windows PowerShell AD Administrative Center AD Best Practice Analyser Managed Service Accounts Offline domain join Authentication mechanism assurance AD Recycle Bin

Resources

www.microsoft.com/teched Sessions On-Demand & Community www.microsoft.com/learning Microsoft Certification & Training Resources http://microsoft.com/technet Resources for IT Professionals http://microsoft.com/msdn Resources for Developers

Related Content

Breakout Sessions: SIA402 Recovery of Active Directory Deleted Objects and the Windows Server 2008 R2 Recycle Bin SVR317 Managing Windows Server 2008 R2 and Windows 7 with Windows PowerShell V2 Interactive Theater Sessions : SIA02-IS Active Directory: What's New in R2 Hands-on Labs: WSV03-HOL Advanced Windows PowerShell Scripting WSV20-HOL Windows Server 2008 R2: What's New in Microsoft Active Directory

My Sessions at TechEd

Breakout Sessions: SIA319 What's Windows Server 2008 R2 Going to Do for Your Active Directory?

SIA402 Recovery of Active Directory Deleted Objects and the Windows Server 2008 R2 Recycle Bin SVR401 DirectAccess Technical Drilldown, Part 1 of 2: IPv6 and Transition Technologies SVR402 DirectAccess Technical Drilldown, Part 2 of 2: Putting It All Together Interactive Theater Sessions: SVR08-IS End-to-End Remote Connectivity with DirectAccess

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