EXPReS and the e-EVN Arpad Szomoru, JIVE 7th International e-VLBI Workshop, Shanghai, June 2008, A.
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Transcript EXPReS and the e-EVN Arpad Szomoru, JIVE 7th International e-VLBI Workshop, Shanghai, June 2008, A.
EXPReS and the e-EVN
Arpad Szomoru, JIVE
7th International e-VLBI Workshop, Shanghai, June 2008, A. Szomoru, JIVE
Outline
• A short overview
• Results
• Next
7th International e-VLBI Workshop, Shanghai, June 2008, A. Szomoru, JIVE
2002: first contact with DANTE and NRENs:
EVN as application of GÉANT backbone
NL
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CH
HU
IT
FR
GR
CZ
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UK
PT
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GEANT
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PL
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HR
LU
RO
LV
EVN telescope
7th International e-VLBI Workshop, Shanghai, June 2008, A. Szomoru, JIVE
BG
CY
LT
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EE
From proof-of-concept to EXPReS
• SURFnet provides 2 * 1 Gbps Amsterdam - JIVE
• Demo at INGRID 2002, ER2002
• PoC runs until 2005, when EXPReS is funded
• EXPReS kicks off March 2006
7th International e-VLBI Workshop, Shanghai, June 2008, A. Szomoru, JIVE
2004
2003
2006
EVN Symposium 2004, A. Szomoru, JIVE
2008
2007
New networks...
7th International e-VLBI Workshop, Shanghai, June 2008, A. Szomoru, JIVE
the EXPReS network upgrade
7th International e-VLBI Workshop, Shanghai, June 2008, A. Szomoru, JIVE
and new network monitoring tools
7th International e-VLBI Workshop, Shanghai, June 2008, A. Szomoru, JIVE
Hardware upgrades
• Control computers, data acquisition
platform, routers, Mark5
motherboards, CPUs and power
supplies, local network, correlator
interface boards, optical serial links,
Mark5B upgrades, dedicated network
monitoring platform, 10 G
interfaces....
7th International e-VLBI Workshop, Shanghai, June 2008, A. Szomoru, JIVE
New software tools
7th International e-VLBI Workshop, Shanghai, June 2008, A. Szomoru, JIVE
Control code improvements
• Correlator:
• General speedup of correlator control
code
• Re-connecting of individual stations
without job re-start
• Significant increase of robustness and
reliability
• Has made e-VLBI a one-person operation
at correlator
• Led to record length unattended
correlation jobs (both e and non-e)
7th International e-VLBI Workshop, Shanghai, June 2008, A. Szomoru, JIVE
QuickTime™ and a
Cinepak decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Control code improvements (2)
• Mark5:
• Re-write of code with rigorous thread
control (with help of UMan colleagues)
• Much improved stability of units
• New features, such as packet
dropping/padding, channel dropping,
simultaneous recording and transmitting
of data on Mark5A
• Enabled using available bandwidth to the
limit, both on dedicated short- and shared
long-haul links
• Simplicity pays off: trivial to add EVN
stations to e-EVN
7th International e-VLBI Workshop, Shanghai, June 2008, A. Szomoru, JIVE
Data rate improvements
Aggregate data rate
7000
Number of telescopes @ data rate
Data rate (Mbps)
6000
1280
3000
2000
0
5
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r/0
Se 4
p/
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M 4
ay
/0
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p/
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O
ct
/0
N 5
ov
/0
M 5
ay
/0
Au 6
g/
0
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ec
/0
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ar
/0
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n/
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/0
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/0
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1024
6
896
Data rate (Mbps)
4000
1000
1152
768
640
512
6
1 2
384
256
4
128
0
Sep/02
-128
5000
7
Jan/04
May/05
Oct/06
7th International e-VLBI Workshop, Shanghai, June 2008, A. Szomoru, JIVE
Feb/08
Jul/09
Sharply reduced time to publication
Test case: black holes in
outburst:
•Data processing took 1-2
weeks with first images
within 48 hours
7th International e-VLBI Workshop, Shanghai, June 2008, A. Szomoru, JIVE
•Publication took less than
2 months
Rapid response science
7th International e-VLBI Workshop, Shanghai, June 2008, A. Szomoru, JIVE
Demonstrations
• The APAN demo:
• Opened up Siberia connection
• Excellent PR
• Longest (e) baseline ever
7th International e-VLBI Workshop, Shanghai, June 2008, A. Szomoru, JIVE
And more demos..
• EXPRES-OZ
• Three Australian telescopes (Mopra, ATCA, Parkes)
• 12 hours at 512 Mbps without a hitch
• Beautiful detection of SN1987a
7th International e-VLBI Workshop, Shanghai, June 2008, A. Szomoru, JIVE
And even more...
• TERENA 2008:
• 4-continent e-VLBI
• 4-continent fringes!
• Mixed-configuration observation
7th International e-VLBI Workshop, Shanghai, June 2008, A. Szomoru, JIVE
Demonstrations and visibility
• Fantastic way to focus effort
• But can be really disruptive and
time-consuming...
QuickTime™ and a
Cinepak decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
7th International e-VLBI Workshop, Shanghai, June 2008, A. Szomoru, JIVE
Adaptive observing
• Fast/adaptive (re-)scheduling
• Transform EVN into a truly flexible instrument
• Based on automated download and execution of modified observing schedules possibly on-the-fly
• Reactions from stations vary from “excellent idea” to “over our dead bodies”
• But will further improve reliability and responsiveness of EVN
• All bits tested and in place, full operational test is planned
7th International e-VLBI Workshop, Shanghai, June 2008, A. Szomoru, JIVE
Optimal use of bandwidth, flexibility
• Data rate adjustments:
• Packet dropping:
• Drop packets at sending side (while preserving headers!)
• Pad datastream at receiving side with dummy data
• Channel dropping:
• Selectively drop frequency channels at receiving side
• High demand on cpu, need hyperthreading, right kernels, dual cpu’s
• Mixed configurations:
• Use different configurations at different stations (limited to 32, 64, 128 etc Mbps)
• Mixed-mode operations:
• Enable all possible combinations of recording (at stations and/or at correlator),
real-time and delayed data transfer
• Make best use of complete EVN network, including stations that have less-than
optimal connectivity
7th International e-VLBI Workshop, Shanghai, June 2008, A. Szomoru, JIVE
Beyond 1 Gbps
• Beyond 1 Gbps
• 1024 Mbps will simply not fit on 1 Gbps...
• Westerbork: use of DWDM equipment, dual 1-Gbps connection, channel
bonding
• Could be used to Jodrell Bank as well (dual 1-Gbps lightpaths to JIVE)
• Onsala, Effelsberg: share 10-Gbps connections with eLOFAR, via VLAN
(nearly in place)
• Next, Torun?
• Most sensitive telescopes in Europe soon at a full 1024 Mbps
• And tests ongoing at 4 Gbps, from Onsala
7th International e-VLBI Workshop, Shanghai, June 2008, A. Szomoru, JIVE
And soon to come...
• Yebes first fringes, via ftp (!), first e-light soon
• Hartebeesthoek: demo last month at 64 Mbps, S-African universities
expect to be connected to Europe at 10 Gbps in 2009
• Arecibo: recent runs at ~512 Mbps
• St Croix? Nançay? Urumqi? Ventspils
• Japan: considering joint JVN-EVN observations at 6.7 GHz, possible
e-demo involving Yamaguchi
• Bandwidth-on-demand/software correlator demo at next SC
• Full 1024 Mbps from Wb, Ef, On, Jb
• 4 Gbps next....
7th International e-VLBI Workshop, Shanghai, June 2008, A. Szomoru, JIVE
Further in the future: more spacecraft tracking
• LAPLACE and TANDEM
• accepted by ESA for study for 2015-2025
• Earlier projects may include Bepi-Colombo
LAPLACE: a mission to Jupiter and Europa:
• VLBI on Europa landers/orbiter
• Radio astronomy experiments Jovian orbiter
7th International e-VLBI Workshop, Shanghai, June 2008, A. Szomoru, JIVE
TANDEM – Titan and Enceladus mission:
• VLBI on Titan probes/balloons
• Radio astronomy exps Enceladus orbiter
Long term perspective e-VLBI
• e-VLBI effort vital for keeping VLBI on forefront
•
•
•
•
Reach new science topics
Growth path to much more sensitivity
Easier accessible user facility
Seamless integration with other networks, new instruments
• Science case EVN2015 has recently been completed
• Calls for next generation correlator
• And could lead to data streams of ~100 Gbps per telescope
• So much more to do...
• Take advantage of 10 Gbps infrastructure
• Requires work on digital equipment
• And explore bandwidth on demand
• Invoke some buffer mechanism
• To operate real-time e-VLBI network continuously
7th International e-VLBI Workshop, Shanghai, June 2008, A. Szomoru, JIVE
Unexpected side-effects of EXPReS..
Before....
7th International e-VLBI Workshop, Shanghai, June 2008, A. Szomoru, JIVE
After!