Transcript New Jersey Clean Air Council 4/11/07 Fuel Economy Has Increased ● Fuel economy rates in cars increased more than 100 percent since 1974. ● Fuel.

New Jersey Clean Air Council
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4/11/07
Fuel Economy Has Increased
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● Fuel economy rates in cars
increased more than 100 percent
since 1974.
● Fuel economy rates in trucks
(minivans, vans, SUVs, and
pickups) increased 53 percent
since 1975.
● Today’s average light truck gets
better mileage than an average
1970s compact car.
● The average 2004 SUV gets 33
percent better mileage than the
average car in 1975.
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Vehicle Population & Mix
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226 Million
42%
Vehicles
68 Million
% Truck
16%
1960s
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1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
Vehicle Miles Traveled
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2.9 Trillion
Total Miles
Traveled
719 Billion
Crude Oil
Imports
Gasoline
Consumed
63%
38%
13%
61
101
137
(Bils. Gallons)
1960s
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1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
Consumer Choice
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Vehicle Type
Sport Utility
Pickup
Midsize Car
Economy Car
Luxury Car
Minivan & Van
Sports Car
Large Car
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2003 Sales
3,958,033
2,722, 376
2,415, 353
1,775,557
1,069,690
1,050,025
482,732
255,701
% Share
28.7%
19.8%
17.6%
13%
7.7%
7.6%
3.5%
2%
Vehicles Are More Efficient
Cars
Model Year
Source: “Light-Duty Automotive Technology Trends 1975 Through 2006” EPA December 2006
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2005
2000
1995
1990
1985
Trucks
1980
48
44
40
36
32
28
24
20
16
12
8
4
0
1975
Ton - MPG
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Consumers Demand Additional Equipment
7
Percent of U.S. New Car Sales
Model Years
1974
1987
2005
Power Door Locks
12%
48%
93%
Power Windows
19
45
92
Power Seats
11
30
50
Air Conditioning
68
85
98
Anti Lock Brakes
0
4
65
Air Bags
0
0
100
Cruise Control
12
62
90
Adj. Steering Column
19
71
92
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BMW 3-series
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 1990 BMW 3-Series
 2001 BMW 3-series
 City FE – 18
 City FE – 21 -- 17%
 Hwy FE – 23
 Hwy FE – 30 – 30%
 Comb FE – 20
 Comb FE – 24 – 20%
 Disp (cc) – 2429
 Disp – 2979 – 23%
 HP
 HP – 225 – 34%
-- 168
 Torque – 222
 0-60 – 8.5
 Em Std – Tier 0
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 Torque – 290 – 31%
 0-60 – 6.4 – 25%
 Em Std -- LEV
Toyota Corolla
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 1990 MY
 2007 MY
 City FE – 28
 City FE – 32
 Highway FE – 33
 Engine Disp – 1.6L
 HP – 102
 Torque – 101
 Weight – 2390
 Emissions – Tier 0
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 Highway FE – 41
 Engine Disp – 1.8L
 HP – 126
 Torque – 122
 Weight – 2530
 Emissions – Tier2 Bin5
Mercedes Benz E-Class
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 1992 E-Class
 2000 E-Class
 City FE – 20
 City FE – 21
 Hwy FE – 25
 Disp. – 2.6L
 HP – 158
 Torque – 162
 Weight – 3415
 0-60 time – 8.0 secs
 Emissions – Tier 0
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 Hwy FE – 30
 Disp. – 3.2L
 HP – 221
 Torque – 232
 Weight – 3624
 0-60 Time – 7.1 secs
 Emissions - LEV
Energy Usage & GHGs
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 In our auto manufacturing plants, automakers have
committed to reducing greenhouse gas intensity
by 10% by 2012.
 Regarding our products, automakers are
investing billions of dollars each year in many
different types of fuel-efficient technologies.
Burning fuel creates CO2, so the only ways to
reduce CO2 from autos are to reduce the size of
the U.S. vehicle fleet, to drive less or to use less
fuel in vehicles.
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Energy Usage & GHGs
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 CA’s AB 1493 regulation will have no measurable effect
on global climate.
 Carbon Dioxide is not smog. Smog is formed by emissions
of NOx and HC—not by CO2. Automakers have already
reduced smog-forming emissions from autos by 99% since
the 1970s. Unlike smog, carbon dioxide poses no health
risk. Nonetheless, individual vehicle CO2 emissions have
declined 56% from cars and 44% from light trucks during
that time.
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Fuel Efficiency is Increasing
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 Automakers sell close to 200 models that achieve more
than 30 MPG on the highway, according to EPA estimates.
 All models on sale today are available with fuel-efficient
technologies, such as cylinder deactivation, variable valve
timing, continuously variable transmissions and more.
 More than 60 models of advanced technology vehicles
are in development or on sale, including hybrid-electric
vehicles, clean diesel, hydrogen internal combustion
engines and fuel cells.

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Fuel Efficiency
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 The 2005 Energy Bill includes consumer tax
incentives to help increase the number of
advanced technology vehicles on our roadways.
States have adopted their own consumer
incentives to further accelerate the introduction of
advanced technology autos.
 The federal government is in the process of
increasing nationwide fuel economy standards
for light trucks for seven years in a row (20052011).
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CA AB 1493
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 Under CA’s AB 493 regulation, consumers would
pay an average of at least $3,000 more for a new
auto.
 Only a handful of today’s models could meet the CA
regulation if it were in effect now, so consumers
could expect to see fewer models to choose from
under the CA regulation.
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Consumer Needs
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 In 2004, 58% of new vehicle sales were minivans,
SUVs and pickups, demonstrating that
consumers favor light trucks.
 The CA regulation will hurt those people who
depend most on large cars, pickups, SUVs and
minivans, including farmers, trades people, large
families and small business owners.
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Need a National Policy
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 Federal laws exist to avoid a confusing and conflicting mix
of state laws. There would be marketplace chaos if states
mandated which products could be sold within their
boundaries. Consumers would suffer higher prices and
severely restricted choice of automobiles if each state were
deciding for itself which new vehicles can be sold.
 NHTSA has sole authority to set a uniform, national
fuel economy standard. NHTSA underscored this fact
when issuing its notice of CAFE reform on August 23,
2005.
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National Policy
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 When setting “maximum feasible” fuel economy standards
for the nation, NHTSA considers technological feasibility,
safety, affordability, emissions, consumer choice and
effects on American jobs. By contrast, California did not
adequately consider any of these factors. A consistent
national policy makes most sense to avoid such policy
oversights.
 The federal Clean Air Act only allows California to
regulate specific air pollutants, such as NOx and HC, in
order to address unique pollution challenges found in parts
of CA. Carbon dioxide is not a pollutant, not a smogforming emission and not regulated under the Clean Air
Act.
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Environmental Harm
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 CA’s AB 1493 regulation will have the unintended
consequence of resulting in more smog than would
otherwise exist. Because new autos will be more costly
under the CA regulation, consumers will hold on to older,
higher emitting autos longer, thereby slowing the trend of
declining smog-forming pollutants.
 Unintended consequences, such as the negative impact on
smog, underscores why a consistent nationwide policy
is needed. Individual states should defer to the federal
government to implement a comprehensive, nationwide
energy policy, instead of a patchwork of ineffectual GHG
requirements.
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Alliance Members
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The End
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www.autoalliance.org
4/11/07