Transcript A. Emotion B. Solution C. Action • In Sanskrit karma (Pali:kamma) means ‘action’.
A.
Emotion
B.
Solution
Action
• In Sanskrit
karma
(Pali:
kamma
) means ‘action’. It is found within many forms of Indian religion including Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism.
• In Sanskrit
karma
(Pali:
kamma
) means ‘action’. It is found within many forms of Indian religion including Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism.
A.
Ritual
B.
Social
Ethical
• In
brahmanical
society
karma
was understood in terms of ritual sacrifice. Individuals, dependent upon their social status and needs would perform certain rituals acts. These ritual acts would generate a specific result in this life or even the next.
• In
brahmanical
society
karma
was understood in terms of ritual sacrifice. Individuals, dependent upon their social status and needs would perform certain rituals acts. These ritual acts would generate a specific result in this life or even the next.
A.
Kuśala
B.
Puṇya
C.
Duḥkha
• • • Actions that are considered to be wholesome (Sanskrit:
kuśala
/ Pali:
kusala
) will have pleasant results (
vip āka
).
Good
karma
is also known as merit (
puṇya
/
puñña
). The production of merit is important as it can have positive effects on the lives of individuals, generate desirable rebirths and also allow one to access higher levels of spiritual attainment.
Duḥkha
can be translated as ‘dis-ease’ or ‘suffering’.
• • • Actions that are considered to be wholesome (Sanskrit:
kuśala
/ Pali:
kusala
) will have pleasant results (
vip āka
).
Good
karma
is also known as merit (
puṇya
/
puñña
). The production of merit is important as it can have positive effects on the lives of individuals, generate desirable rebirths and also allow one to access higher levels of spiritual attainment.
Duḥkha
can be translated as ‘dis-ease’ or ‘suffering’.
A.
Every action performed by an individual
B. Intentional actions performed by an individual
C. Religious actions performed by an individual
• • Intentional actions are the root of
karma
.
“It is ‘intention’ that I call
kamma
; having willed or formed the intention, one performs acts by the body, speech and mind.
”
Anguttara Nikaya
iii, 415 Translation from Rupert Gethin,
Foundations of Buddhism
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), p. 120.
• • Intentional actions are the root of
karma
.
“It is ‘intention’ that I call
kamma
; having willed or formed the intention, one performs acts by the body, speech and mind.
”
Anguttara Nikaya
iii, 415 Translation from Rupert Gethin,
Foundations of Buddhism
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), p. 120.
A.
3
B.
4
8
• Actions that produce
karmic
results can be split into three categories: Mental action Bodily action Vocal action These categories can be split into further groups, but any
karmic
action will fall into one of the three types as seen above.
• Actions that produce
karmic
results can be split into three categories: Mental action Bodily action Vocal action These categories can be split into further groups, but any
karmic
action will fall into one of the three types as seen above.
True
False
• When a person is alive they generate
karma
, this does not simply disappear at death. Instead, due to the remaining
karmic
seeds a new being is caused into existence so that remaining
karmic
results may take place.
• When a person is alive they generate
karma
, this does not simply disappear at death. Instead, due to the remaining
karmic
seeds a new being is caused into existence so that remaining
karmic
results may take place.
A. Yes, people who only act spontaneously do not produce
karma
B.
karma
C. Yes, those who have attained
nirv āṇa
karmically
• Upon enlightenment a person no longer experiences
sa ṃsāric
existence. This means that they no longer produce
karmic
past
karma
seeds. They will experience the results of but will not produce any more and will therefore not cause any future beings into existence.
• Upon enlightenment a person no longer experiences
sa ṃsāric
existence. This means that they no longer produce
karmic
past
karma
seeds. They will experience the results of but will not produce any more and will therefore not cause any future beings into existence.
A.
Weighty
B.
Proximate
C.
Habitual
• In the
Abhidharma karma
, at the time of death, is divided into a hierarchy of four basic types:
weighty
,
proximate
,
habitual
, and
performed
. The nature of one’s death is conditioned by one’s
karma
. If a deed that is deemed to be ‘weighty’ has been performed it is that particular action that determines the state of mind of the individual at the time of death. If there is a lack of such deeds then the next level of karma will come to the fore and condition rebirth.
• In the
Abhidharma karma,
at the time of death, is divided into a hierarchy of four basic types:
weighty
,
proximate
,
habitual
, and
performed
. The nature of one’s death is conditioned by one’s
karma
. If a deed that is deemed to be ‘weighty’ has been performed it is that particular action that determines the state of mind of the individual at the time of death. If there is a lack of such deeds then the next level of karma will come to the fore and condition rebirth.
True
False
• In Buddhist thought
karma
has a causative nature. The actions that are intentionally performed by the individual will have a particular
karmic
result. Well-intentioned good deeds will result in a pleasant and favourable
karmic
result whilst malicious and hurtful misdeeds will result in a poor and unfavourable
karmic
result
• In Buddhist thought
karma
has a causative nature. The actions that are intentionally performed by the individual will have a particular
karmic
result. Well-intentioned good deeds will result in a pleasant and favourable
karmic
result whilst malicious and hurtful misdeeds will result in a poor and unfavourable
karmic
result
True
False
• Whilst the effects of bad
karma
are unpleasant they do not perpetuate further bad
karma
. Instead it is the way in which one deals with it that will produce either good or bad
karma
.
• Whilst the effects of bad
karma
are unpleasant they do not perpetuate further bad
karma
. Instead it is the way in which one deals with it that will produce either good or bad
karma
.