Transcript baz. r. Ciuhu r Recovery after drought in MDA : protecting Health . r. baz Rău t r. z. ba t u Pr l u tr is N r. z.r . z. . r. Iche ba ba baz Bî c ta Săr a na ic îln baz .

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Recovery after drought in MDA :
protecting Health
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Ion Salaru,
National
Centre for
Preventive
Medicine,
MoH MDA
meeting on Water Adaptation to Climate
Change, Amsterdam, 1-2 July 2008
Introduction
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MDA is a small country in SEE, size – 33,7 thousands sq. km,
4,1 millions inhabitants, divided into 4 municipalities, incl.
capital Chisinau, and 40 districts. Two main water basins transboundary rivers Dniester and Prut (Danube). For drinking
water supply are used 4 water intakes at r. Dniester, 7 at r. Prut,
supplying 30% of general population, According to the data
from the Ministry of Health, 3315 artesian wells, 116.000
shallow wells and 804 DWS systems are in use.
Up to 45% of the general population without access to safe
water sources, rural population – 75%.
55% of the population has connection to DWS systems: 85%
urban, 25% rural. Access to improved sanitation systems –42%
- 67 in urban and 10% in rural locations
Water management authorities – National Water Agency and 2
basin agencies under construction.
meeting on Water Adaptation to Climate
Change, Amsterdam, 1-2 July 2008
Drought effects
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During last 2 years (2006-2007) MDA was affected by severe drought,
comparable with registered in 1946-1947 one. The periods with heat waves
with canicular temperature (>35oC) became longer: 14 days (7 consecutive)
in 2006 and 17 days (10 consecutive) in 2007 during July and August.
Drought effects in DW supply sector were more pronounced in 2007, when
the average annual temperature was higher with 2,50C than as usual.
(Source-Hydrometeo Service).
Water debt decreased in more that 80% of shallow wells form average 3-4
m3 to 1-1,5 m3.
Totally dried over 15% of shallow wells because less precipitations and
increased water consumption for hygiene and agricultural needs
Increased water demand up to 50-60% in Chisinau, where the daily water
consumption increase from 200-220 th. m3/day to 300 th. m3/day.
meeting on Water Adaptation to
Climate Change, Amsterdam, 1-2
July 2008
Drought – Health effects
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In 2006-2007 were reported 3 WBD outbreaks with
Shigellosis – 2 in rural area with 25 (contaminated water in
shallow wells) and respectively 138 cases (contaminated
water in storage reservoirs) and one in urban with 80 cases.
The incidence rate of diarrhoeal increased from 368 cases
per 100.000 populations in 2005 and 440 cases in 2007
(Source – Annual reports of the sanitary-epidemiological
situation, www.sanepid.md).
More than 20.000 calls to emergency units during heatwaves in 2007 mainly because of cardiovascular problems.
meeting on Water Adaptation to
Climate Change, Amsterdam, 1-2
July 2008
Drought and heat waves – health risks
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Detection of E.coli in water samples from shallow wells
during summer 2007 increase to 45-60% in rural areas
from average value of 30 %.
Surface water quality: % of non-complying water samples
on microbial parameters increase from 24% in 2002 to
46% in 2007 in Dniester river and from 33 to 45% on r.
Prut. Main causes – discharges with untreated waste
waters and decreased self purification process of rivers
Bathing waters: no single national recreational cites
allowed for bathing purposes (from 8 existing) during
summer 2007 because of poor microbial quality.
meeting on Water Adaptation to
Climate Change, Amsterdam, 1-2
July 2008
Drought – economical effects
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Calculated by the Government up to 1 bn USD,
Water scarcity produce high negative impact on food
production which affect national food security.
Economical loses of fisheries because of changes in aquatic
ecology: increased water temperature, decreased O2 content in
many lakes - lower than 1mgO2/l, what cause dramatic
decrease of aquatic population in many artificial lakes.
Local tourism affected.
meeting on Water Adaptation to
Climate Change, Amsterdam, 1-2
July 2008
Recovery measures - operational
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Hydrometeo issues alerts of EWE to MoH and to other authorities.
Water delivery organized for to the most affected locations,
Developed infrastructure – during 2007 ware built 70 DWS systems and
16 sanitation systems, which offer access to safe water sources for
100.000 population.
Rehabilitation of 6 irrigation systems under Food Security Programme.
Increased monitoring frequency: for drinking waters in rural areas from
1x3monts to once per month during summer; for bathing waters – from
once per month to 1x10 days.
Public information campaign – through mass media, also locally – on the
wells and in near to recreational sites posted information about water
quality and warning on possible health effects.
meeting on Water Adaptation to
Climate Change, Amsterdam, 1-2
July 2008
Recovery measures - tactical
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Developing infrastructure - by GD 662 on 13.06.07 approved
National Strategy for drinking water supply and sanitation -provides
better water management, reforms and capacity building in water
sector.
Initiated National Policy Dialogue on IWRM.
Developed and approved by the Ministry of Health a guidebook for
the general public on preventing and reducing impact of heat waves.
Action Plan for implementing IHR in MDA, approved by
Governmental Decision in April 2008 – framework for managing
health security treats.
Development and implementation of Water Safety Plans in pilot
locations, to be extended to the whole territory
meeting on Water Adaptation to
Climate Change, Amsterdam, 1-2
July 2008
Recovery measures - Strategic
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By the Climate Change Office at the Ministry of Ecology and
Natural Resources developed a Climate scenario for the next
25-50 years. According to this scenario, in Moldova slowly
will increase the quantity of precipitations but also will
increase temperature – more rapidly, which will maintain risk
of water shortage (hydrothermic index will increase).
Harmonization of national legislation: Sanitary norms on
drinking water quality adopted in 2007 contain specific
requirements for DWS in emergencies, also drafted Water
Law, National norms for small and very small drinking water
supply systems, Sanitary norms on Drinking Water Quality
surveillance - contain a chapter on acting in the case of EWE.
meeting on Water Adaptation to
Climate Change, Amsterdam, 1-2
July 2008
Recovery measures - Strategic
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Under development a new Health Information
System capable to count health impact because of
EWE, with daily evidence on mortality rate and
hospital admissions related to climate change health
impact (CVD, RD).
Institutional framework - drafted GD for
transforming Sanitary Epidemiological Service into
Public Health Authority, responsible for designing
strategies and measures to prevent and reduce health
meeting on Water Adaptation to
Climate Change, Amsterdam, 1-2
impact related to EWE.
July 2008
Weaknesses
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No Health Crisis coordination unit in the MoH –
no budget for preparedness.
No overall leadership of the health sector at
district level for planning and during crisis
situation (many vertical health systems).
Local public authorities are not enough prepared
to respond to this new situation.
More special actions are necessary.
meeting on Water Adaptation to
Climate Change, Amsterdam, 1-2
July 2008
More actions to be taken
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To find commitment at the national level between
responsible authorities to act jointly in the case of
EWE.
To establish a modern Early Warning System for
EWE.
To finalize Urban Development Plan for National
Territory, taking into account Climate Change
aspects.
meeting on Water Adaptation to
Climate Change, Amsterdam, 1-2
July 2008