Metadata

    Number(s) Usage Rights Marketing Info Other Data  

Multiple content types and file formats supported



Content “logically” separate from metadata to increase flexibility Core Metadata located with package, other metadata can be located elsewhere



Standardized encryption used to secure both content and metadata in package

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Interoperable file formats will improve publishers’ efficiency in creating and maintaining ebooks.

Ebook File Formats Today and Tomorrow

Today, there are requirements to support multiple formats Adobe “PDF” Microsoft “LIT” Microsoft “DOC” Rocket Book “RBF” Recip rocal “NFF” Internet “XML” Adobe “PSC” Internet “HTM” Palm Pilot “PRC” MS-DOS “RTF” Tomorrow,increased interoperability of file formats means less cost and complexity Standard Format “A” Standard Format “B”



Lower technical support



Less editing / proofing



Simpler computer systems



Fewer process errors

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Standardized elements of DRM systems will allow them to intercommunicate, enabling true interoperability.

Tomorrow’s Standard Scenario Consumer 1  Industry standard DRM elements

Rdr A

 Industry standard file format (.ISF)

Ebook Source DRM Standards “.ISF” format

 Enhanced interoperability achieved

Rdr B

Consumer 2  Consumer support simplified  Reduced costs 26

Simulate DRM interoperability in the near term while working with AAP and the open ebook standards organization to develop DRM standards facilitating true interoperability.

Key DRM Recommendations  Adopt a balanced approach to DRM that includes technical, social and legal dimensions  Determine new ways to add value to publisher-sourced content so that it is more valuable than unauthorized versions  In the near-term, simulate interoperability by simultaneously supporting the DRM and file formats needed to meet market needs  Over the longer-term work with AAP and the open ebook standards group to develop DRM standards needed for true interoperability Participate in AAP’s Enabling Technologies Committee to refine publisher-specific DRM recommendations Actively contribute to the open ebook standards organization working groups focused on DRM 27

Table of Contents Publishers’ Next Steps

AAP Open Ebook Standards Project Overview Numbering - A New DOI Based Standard for Ebooks Metadata - Extensions to ONIX, the Existing Standard Digital Rights Management - Publisher Recommendations Ebook Standards Publishers’ Next Steps

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The AAP Enabling Technologies Committee will coordinate the development of publisher-specific standards related to ebooks.

AAP Enabling Technologies Committee Design

aap Preliminary

 AAP-led committee continues development of publisher-specific standards recommendations and requirements

Enabling Tech. Comm.

• “Voice of the publisher” • Develops publisher-specific standards and requirements • Staffed by 1 AAP and several publisher volunteers

Publisher-Specific Working Group Projects

 Committee is staffed by volunteers from AAP membership  Committee oversees publisher-specific working group projects, and a sub committee will participate in the open ebook standards group  Working groups meet at AAP or publisher locations at frequency determined by the teams and AAP  Committee will meet with other industry participants to discuss issues 29

Publishers can take next steps with guidance from the AAP work just completed.

Immediate Next Steps  Review the AAP recommendations for ebook standards and make plans to implement http://www.publishers.org/home/ebookstudy.htm

 Assign individual(s) to work with AAP’s Enabling Technologies Committee to develop publisher-specific ebook technology requirements  Contact Open Ebook Forum regarding participation in standards development http://www.openebook.org

 Launch initiatives to select technology for pilot programs 30

Thanks. For further information: [email protected]

[email protected]

Table of Contents AAP Open Ebook Standards Project Overview

Numbering - A New DOI Based Standard for Ebooks

Metadata - Extensions to ONIX, the Existing Standard

Digital Rights Management - Publisher Recommendations

Ebook Standards - Toward Ongoing, Coordinated Governance

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In May, the AAP and seven sponsoring publishers came together to create open ebook standards that benefit all industry participants.

AAP Ebook Standards Project

Project Leadership Peter Jovanovich Chair

Bob Bolick Larry Klein Richard Sarnoff

Accenture Support

   

Sponsoring Publishers

 HarperCollins  Holtzbrinck  Houghton Mifflin McGraw-Hill Pearson Random House Thomson Learning

Metadata Team

Liisa McCloy-Kelley - Random House

Accenture Support Numbering Team

Bob Bolick - McGraw-Hill

Accenture Support DRM Team

Larry Klein - Pearson

Accenture Support Communications Team

Kathryn Blough - AAP

Accenture Support

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Ed / Professional Team

Nettie Douglas - Thomson

Accenture Support

The project deliverables will help create an environment that works for all consumers.

Ebook Usability Goals  Finding ebooks will be enjoyable and efficient  Buying ebooks will be secure and private  Reading ebooks will be comfortable and enjoyable  Storing ebooks will be safe and convenient  Disposing of ebooks will include flexible options 37

These standards help create an environment where it is easier and more comfortable for publishers and authors to get into the market.

Benefits to Publishers and Authors  Common language for describing content (metadata standard) enables fast and reliable exchange of marketing data among rights holders, distributors, sellers and readers  Flexible numbering system that easily identifies granular content but links to legacy systems such as ISBN  Coordination of publisher-specific recommendations to guide development of DRM technology that works for all industry participants  AAP leadership of publisher-specific recommendations through the AAP Enabling Technologies Committee  Coordinated development of future standards in open ebook standards group with publishers positioned to provide direction in critical areas 38

This work is widely regarded as laying the groundwork for a vibrant ebook market.

Ebook Project Messages  Publishers have come together to make it easier for consumers to find and use ebooks  We are laying the groundwork for making more ebooks available by making it easier and more comfortable for publishers and authors to get into the market.

 Our work encourages reading and experiencing content in new ways; anytime, anywhere, and on any device. ‘Experiencing’ content refers to using additional features such as audio, video, links, and interactivity.

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Publishers can act now to implement a new digital object numbering standard for all ebooks.

Key Numbering Recommendations  Implement a new numbering standard based on DOIs for all ebooks  Use the DOI in conjunction with the ISBN (or EAN, UPC, ISSN) for legacy purposes.  Assign and register one ISBN and one DOI to cover all renderings of an ebook  Include the ISBN and DOI in the ONIX metadata  Indicate the ebook’s available rendering (e.g., PDF, LIT, etc.) in the ONIX metadata  Establish a policy for setting the syntactic maps for the DOI suffix  Resolve the user to a metadata sheet or use parameter passing to support resolution to specific renderings  Assign DOIs to saleable pieces of ebooks by extending the ebook DOI via the use of nodes 40

Each publisher or publishing unit should establish its policy for setting the syntactic maps for the DOI suffix.*

Numbering ‘Next Steps’       Determine, for a given work, the smallest subcomponent to be offered to the reader, estimate the number of them in the work, and work up from this to the syntactic map for the DOI suffix.

Decide on the approach to handling format identification: a) the AAP/Accenture primary recommendation of parameter passing or b) the AAP/Accenture alternate recommendation for assigning a DOI and ISBN to every rendering of every saleable component. Decide to what the DOI is expected to resolve and ensure that the metadata records are prepared accordingly. As each piece goes into the digital asset management (DAM) system or Production, assign a DOI to it and note, if necessary, that component's place in the work's sequential structure. As each piece goes into the DAM system or Production and the DOI is assigned, create the core ONIX metadata record for that piece. That core metadata record is the same record one will need when the DOI is registered with a Registration Agency.

Each publisher will have to determine their parameter set for each ebook, and register with a DOI Registration Agency, including how the resolution system would handle each type specific resolution request (e.g., URL addresses). This will require that product databases include all the ONIX-compliant codes so that info about different formats, different distributors, usage rights, etc., are communicated to DOI Registration Agency when registered.

* These are intended to be 'preliminary' guidelines with which to get started, but your Editorial, Production, and Systems staffs can contact the AAP's Enabling Technologies Committee to ensure that they obtain the latest guidance.

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It may be helpful to walk through some basic examples.

Prefix

General Illustrative Examples (ISBN = 1234567890)

Suffix 10.9999

Registration Agency Assigned 9999999999.99

Object Identifier Publisher Assigned (Could be ISBN)



10.1111/ISBN

- This reflects the simplest situation: a whole ebook, intended to be sold only as the whole.



10.1111/ISBN.1

- This reflects one of the simplest situations: one saleable chapter in a 10 chapter book (0-9), where the publisher does not intend to sell any element smaller than a chapter.



10.1111/ISBN.01

- This reflects an ebook with as many as 100 individually saleable chapters (00 99).

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Questions?

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Metadata, descriptive information about a book’s content and characteristics, is created and used throughout the life of a book. It helps readers find and learn about ebooks, as well as organize their own libraries of ebooks

.

Ebook Market Process Model

Create and Publish Market and Distribute Sell to Consumer Consume Content Support Consumer

Metadata created and used to catalog ebook information Metadata used to help market to booksellers and distributors Metadata helps consumers find and evaluate potential purchases Metadata provides additional text to augment reading experience 44

Publishers’ ability to manage metadata and consumers’ ability to enjoy ebooks is enhanced through the metadata standards.

Potential Metadata Benefits       The process by which metadata is collected and distributed is simplified Requirements for inefficient “one-to-one” arrangements between publisher and metadata receiver (e.g., e-tailer) are reduced Ebook metadata accuracy is improved, reducing consumer confusion Ability to search metadata is enhanced, supporting consumers’ ability to find ebooks Ebook device features such as “cataloging” and “digital libraries” are enabled, enhancing the consumer experience The metadata can help communicate information about new ebook products and services that are created, such as selling book sections and superdistribution 45

To promote the adoption of metadata standards, the following next steps should be followed when utilizing ONIX for Discovery Metadata.

       Discovery Metadata Next Steps Identify resources to understand the ONIX International Standard Determine what metadata fields in ONIX to complete (Note: Core Metadata should be the minimum set of information defined) Map ONIX to existing systems • Include “translation tables” to store code mappings to internal systems • Determine how to use new ONIX Ebook extensions Select an option to implement ONIX: • • • Modification of current systems to be ONIX compliant On Site translation of current in-house data Into an ONIX record Off Site (3 rd party) translation of current in-house data Into an ONIX record Coordinate “ONIX Readiness” schedules with each vendor to confirm date when ONIX will be accepted Test ONIX feed with vendors Supply ONIX feed for both paper and electronic books 46

Questions?

47

In addition, the following next steps should be followed when utilizing ONIX for Core Metadata.

Core Metadata Next Steps    Use Core Metadata as the minimum amount of metadata that should be captured for an ebook.

Adopt Core Metadata for use with all service providers in the creation of an ebook.

Create the Core Metadata feed • Extract Core Metadata from Discovery Metadata feed for use by service providers • Send the entire Discovery Metadata feed for service providers Note: Core Metadata should never be modified once it is linked to the content.

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Individual publisher plans should be derived from strategies to create new content offerings enabled by DRM technology.

DRM Roadmap

DRM Strategy

     Business models Competitive opportunities Value propositions Service offerings Required DRM features

Sourcing Plan

    Partnership options In-house options Economic dynamics of each option Required sourcing

Market Entry Approach

    Experimentation Evolutionary ebook program Revolutionary ebook transformation Required investment levels    

Implementation Plan

  Impact to existing production systems Prerequisite changes Integration Testing Training Planning contingencies

File Formats

  Market penetration by device Device format support

Execute Plans

     Pilot programs “Friends and family” program Full roll out Monitor results Evaluate market penetration and customer satisfaction

Interoperability

   Interoperability needs at consumer, publisher and bookseller Options Necessary Interoperability features

Develop Standards

  Participate in AAP technology initiatives Contribute to standards development through open ebook standards organization

Technology

   Current product features and benefits Enabling technologies Standards compliance

Iterate

 Iterate through this roadmap as market conditions change 49

Questions?

50

Many standards initiatives are underway within industry and trade organizations, but these efforts should be focused toward common goals.

Current and Desired Standards Landscape

Open eBook Forum ONIX XrML User Group AAP Technolog y Group Electronic Book Exchange Open Ebook Standards OPIMA Open DRM Int’l. DOI Foundation Book Industry Study Group

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An effective governance process is needed for ongoing stewardship of the new standards and to create needed standards for DRM interoperability.

AAP DRM Recommend ations AAP Numbering Standards AAP Metadata Standards

Recommended Governance Process

Standards Requirements Preliminary

      A standards council, including publishers and other industry participants, approves standards development AAP DRM recommendations are an input and drive DRM working groups AAP numbering and metadata standards are the basis for ongoing evolution of standards Publishers actively participate in various working groups, along with other industry participants Publishers have opportunity to veto inappropriate standards proposals Harmonized, publisher-endorsed standards result from the process

Standards Integration Harmonized, Integrated Standards

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AAP will encourage publisher participation in standards setting through the Enabling Technologies Committee and an open standards organization.

Recommended Governance Framework AAP-led, publisher-sponsored working group develops publisher specific standards recommendations and requirements...

…and collaborates with open ebook standards group on broader standards issues.

Preliminary AAP Standards Committee Enabling Tech. Comm.

• • “Voice of the publisher” Develops publisher specific standards and requirements • Staffed by 1 AAP and several publisher volunteers

Standards Groups Liaison

• Staffed by 1 AAP who links with industry standards groups • Members of Enabling Tech. Comm. will participate in the work of the standards group

Publisher-Specific Working Group Projects Other Industry Participants Publishers Libraries Book Distributors Open Ebook Standards Group Other Standards Bodies

• Sets unified ebook standards

Other Rights Holders Book Sellers Technology Providers Service Providers Notes

AAP working group leader who also sits on the Global eBook Standards Council Publisher volunteer who participates in AAP working group and may also sit on Global eBook Standards Council Non-AAP members representing other standards groups and industry participants, invited to participate in AAP committee discussions 53

AAP will work with an open standards organization to coordinate development of standards across a broad group of industry participants.

Recommended Standards Governance Coordination

Preliminary aap Standards Groups Liaison

• • Staffed by 1 AAP who links with industry standards groups Members of Enabling Tech. Comm. will participate in the work of the standards group

Other Industry Participants Libraries Book Distributors Publishers Open Ebook Standards Group Other Standards Bodies Book Sellers

• Sets unified ebook standards

Technology Providers Service Providers Other Rights Holders

 Open ebook standards group membership reflects broad base of industry participants on a global basis; including significant rights holder participation  Voting rights are determined based on participation in open ebook standards group activities and sponsorship of the standards body  Liaison between AAP Enabling Technologies Committee and Open Ebook Standards Group coordinates activities  Liaison participates in standards group governance and encourages participation of publishers  Publishers have ability to “veto” inappropriate standards, proposals, or recommendations  Voting process protections guard against arbitrary interference with needed actions  Open ebook standards group membership includes representation from multiple industry participants, including significant rights holder involvement  Open ebook standards group administers desired governance process and working groups 54

AAP standards oversight committee will establish coordinated approval of standards by publishers.

Recommended Standards Oversight Committee

AAP Standards Committee Preliminary

 Standards committee directs ongoing standards work by publishers  Committee members participate in the working groups of the Open Ebook Standards Group 55