Transcript International migration and development: Global policies and implications for data collection Bela Hovy, Chief Migration Section Population Division/DESA United Nations, New York Training workshop on international migration.

International migration and
development: Global policies and
implications for data collection
Bela Hovy, Chief
Migration Section
Population Division/DESA
United Nations, New York
Training workshop on international migration statistics
(ESCWA, DESA, ALO, MEDSTAT)
Cairo, Egypt, 30 June – 3 July 2009
Presentation overview
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
Defining international migration (1)
Global migration trends (4)
Global migration policies (3)
International migration and
development at the United Nations (2)
Implications for data collection (4)
Conclusions (1)
United Nations
Population Division/DESA
Defining international migration

Stocks and flows
• Stocks: population at a certain date
• Flows: movement during a certain period


Long-term (>1 yr) and short-term (<1 yr)
Voluntary and forced
• Long-term settlement, work, study, family, …
• Conflict, persecution, natural disasters, …


Legal and illegal (irregular)
Spontaneous or organized
United Nations
Population Division/DESA
No. of international migrants rises,
but stable as % of total population
3.5%
200.0
191
150.0
155
100.0
99
75 78
50.0
165
2.5%
177
111
81 87
No. of international migrants
2.0%
1.5%
1.0%
0.5%
Percentage
-
0.0%
United Nations
Population Division/DESA
% international migrants
3.0%
19
60
19
65
19
70
19
75
19
80
19
85
19
90
19
95
20
00
20
05
No. of international migrants (mln.)
250.0
International migrants concentrated
in limited number of countries
United Nations
Population Division/DESA
Most migrants are in the North
(61%), but from the South (65%)
53 million
61 million
South
United Nations
Population Division/DESA
North
14 million
62 million
North
South
Remittances received by the South
show a sharp rise
(Source: World Bank, in billions of US dollars)
160
167
116
99
31
34
1990
1991
40
42
1992
1993
53
57
1994
1995
62
1996
72
69
73
77
1997
1998
1999
2000
United Nations
Population Division/DESA
85
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Fewer Governments want to reduce
their immigration levels
% countries
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Lower
Maintain
1996
2001
No
intervention
2003
United Nations
Population Division/DESA
2005
Raise
National immigration policies
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Policies become less restrictive
New policies allow for selective
migration of skilled migration
New policies to develop temporary
(circular) migration schemes
Great diversity of policy positions
United Nations
Population Division/DESA
Main international instruments
- 1990 International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All
Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
States
Party
37
- 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees
144
- 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees
144
- 2000 Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons,
Especially Women and Children
- 2000 Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Air and Sea
123
114
- 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons
62
- 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness
34
United Nations
Population Division/DESA
International migration and development
United Nations General Assembly
 International Conference on Population and
Development, 1994 (ICPD, Cairo)
 High-level Dialogue, 2006
• Global Forum on Migration and Development (‘07-’12)
• Special Representative of the Secretary-General
• Global Migration Group (13 UN agencies and IOM)
 One-day informal thematic debate, 2011
 High-Level Dialogue, 2013
United Nations
Population Division/DESA
Global Forum on Migration and Development
Athens, 2 – 5 November, 2009


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Theme: Integrating migration policies into
development strategies for the benefit of all
Civil Society Days (2-3 Nov)
Roundtables (4-5 Nov)
• 1. Migration, development and achieving MDGs
(development planning; diaspora; financial crisis)
• 2. Integration, return and circulation for
development
• 3. Policy, institutional coherence, partnerships
United Nations
Population Division/DESA
Policy focus
Source
Transnational communities
Census / pop. register
(ori./dest.), consulates
Remittances
SNA, central bank, surveys
Circular and return migration
?
Labour export (incl. highly-skilled
migration [brain drain])
Employment abroad agency,
consulates, census (dest.)
Irregular migration
Combining census and adm.
sources
Trafficking and smuggling
Min. of labour, immigration
Refugees and asylum
National RSD procedures,
UNHCR
Immigration / labour import
Work permits, residence
permits, visa, registers
Causes and impact of
international migration
Surveys comparing migrants
and non-migrants
United Nations
Population Division/DESA
Recommendations
(CGD Commission)
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
Include basic questions in census and
disseminate results quickly and in detail
Compile and publish relevant
administrative data
Include migration modules in existing
household surveys (LFS, MICS, LSMS, …)
Provide access to micro-data
Build institutional capacity
United Nations
Population Division/DESA
United Nations
Population Division/DESA
International migrant stock from India
by country of birth or citizenship, latest available data
No data
0 - 999
1,000 – 9,999
10,000 – 99,999
100,000 and over
United Nations
Population Division/DESA
The bottom line
1)
International migration no longer
“business as usual” (policy main driver)
2)
Time to act is now (2010 census round)
3)
Progress is easy: “low hanging fruit”

If we fail NOW, it will take another 10
years before similar opportunity
United Nations
Population Division/DESA
Questions? Comments?
www.unmigration.org
[email protected]