Communicating for Results 9e

12

Informative Presentations

Key Ideas

• Researching presentations • Using supporting materials • Improving delivery Copyright Cengage © 2011 1

Consider this. . .

In every company and organization there is a critical shortage of good presenters. If you learn to do well what most do poorly, your success

will be faster and further.

Peoples, Presentations Plus, Wiley, 1996 , p. viii Copyright Cengage © 2011 2

Operation Tailwind Report

CNN Case Study

  Read or describe the case study Answer the following questions:  What caused reporters to let their biases disregard their research  How could CNN ensure accuracy and credibility in future stories?

 What lessons can public speakers learn from this.

Copyright Cengage © 2011 3

Researching the topic

Personal Experience Printed Materials Databases/Internet Topic Interviews

Copyright Cengage © 2011 4

Printed Materials

       Brochures & pamphlets Books Magazines & journals Dictionaries & encyclopedias Newspapers Quotation books Yearbooks Copyright Cengage © 2011 5

Licensed electronic databases

    

Communication & Mass Media Complete Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center InfoTrac College Edition EBSCOHost ProQuest

Copyright Cengage © 2011 Geri Engberg Photographyv 6

Internet research

   Not all web information is authoritative Know where to look or end up wasting time Many valuable resources not available online Copyright Cengage © 2011 Steve Dunwell/The Image/Getty Images 7

Before Going Online

   Prepare rough draft of speech Consult library for info and key words Search one or more commercial databases Copyright Cengage © 2011 © Jason Harris 8

Too Many Hits?

To narrow your search . . .

 Avoid the Boolean operator “

OR”

 Use phrases (enclose titles, common phrases, procedures, or names in quotation marks)  Add words using “+” or “AND”  Exclude words or phrases by using “–” or “NOT” Copyright Cengage © 2011 9

Too Few Hits?

 Avoid “s,” “ing,” or “ed” on search words  Change full names to initials and vice versa  Check spelling and keywords  Use alternative keywords  Use wildcards  Use fewer search words  Connect words with “

OR”

© Jason Harris Copyright Cengage © 2011 10

Search tips

 Search using Boolean Operators  Validate internet sources  Id the author a qualified expert in the field?

 If the information objective?

 Is the information accurate  Search more than one website  Avoid Plagerism Copyright Cengage © 2011 11

Searching more than one site

 Broad complex subjects  Use search engine that uses a

hierarchical index



Most popular is Yahoo

 Specific subjects  Use

standard search engine (e.g. Alta vista)

 Use

Alternative search engines

(e.g. Google)  Very specific part of the web use

Vertical search engines

 Many sites as possible use

Metasearch engine

Copyright Cengage © 2011 12

Personal Interviews

   Select & contact interviewee Plan interview using:  Introduction   Body (with open-ended questions) Conclusion Use results with care Copyright Cengage © 2011 Geri Engberg Photography 13

Verbal Supporting Material

The three purposes include . . .

   Clarification Proof Interest

Want your speech to be interesting, clear, and convincing? Use supports!

Copyright Cengage © 2011 © Jason Harris 14

Types of verbal supports

 Explanations  Comparisons  Illustrations  Examples  Statistics  Expert opinions Copyright Cengage © 2011 15

Explanations

 Specific but brief  Used for clarification not proof  Generally used too often Copyright Cengage © 2011 16

Comparisons

 Types of comparisons  Literal – shows similarities and differences between same class of items  Figurative – similarities and differences between different classes or categories of items  Tips on using comparisons  Fit audience frame of reference  Easy way to add interest  Used to clarify ideas Copyright Cengage © 2011 17

Illustrations

 Types of illustrations  Factual  Hypothetical  Tips on using illustrations  Make them detailed and vivid  Clearly related to the point you are making  If factual they clarify and provide proof  Use in the introduction to get attention  Hypothetical illustrations clarify Copyright Cengage © 2011 18

Examples

 Brief references to specific items or events  May contain little or a few facts  Used for clarification and proof  Adds additional proof to factual illustrations Copyright Cengage © 2011 19

Statistics

 Figures used to show relationships between items  Meaningful when related to listeners’ interest and knowledge  Use sparingly Copyright Cengage © 2011 20

Statistics

 Use graphs to make them easy to understand  Round off  Cite source and source qualifications  Used for clarification and proof Copyright Cengage © 2011 21

Expert opinion

 May be paraphrased or quoted  Keep brief  Used for clarification and proof  Quote as though expert were speaking  Include name and qualifications of expert  Follow with explanation when possible Copyright Cengage © 2011 22

Improving delivery

 Improving nonverbal delivery  Improving vocal delivery  Delivery and language Copyright Cengage © 2011 23

Nonverbal Delivery

      Look directly at listeners Appear relaxed Appear enthusiastic Appear natural Smile Use gestures Suze Orman 2003 Laura Farr/ZUMA Press 24 Copyright Cengage © 2011

Vocal Delivery

   Volume – loudness & softness of voice Pitch – highness & lowness of tones Emphasis – stressing a word with your voice  Rate – fastness and slowness of speech Stewart Cohen/Getty Images 25 Copyright Cengage © 2011

Vocal Emphasis

Stress only the words in red . . .



Why did you fire him?



Why did you fire him?



Why di d you fire him?



Why did you fire him?



Why did you fire him ?

Copyright Cengage © 2011 26

Rate

 How fast or how slow you speak  Important to maintaining listener attention  Slower rate used for emphasis  Faster rate used to build excitement  Pause after important phrases or ideas Copyright Cengage © 2011 27

Delivery and language

 Effective language use  Vivid – paints a picture  Specific – gives details  Simple – easy to understand  Use stylistic devices for impact Copyright Cengage © 2011 28

Improving Delivery

Use language that is . . .

Fairly informal Vivid Specific Simple Jargon-free © Peter Chapman

 Alliteration  Assonance  Antithesis  Simile  Metaphor

Stylistic devices

 Onomatopoeia  Repetition    Parallelism Hyperbole Personification Copyright Cengage © 2011 30

Maintaining confident delivery

 Nervousness is normal  If all else fails, fake confidence!

 Don’t call attention to errors  Never apologize Copyright Cengage © 2011 31

Communicating for Results 9e

12

Informative Presentations

Key Ideas

• Researching presentations • Using supporting materials • Improving delivery Copyright Cengage © 2011 32