Transcript Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers OBJECTIVES 1. Recognize the importance of computer literacy 2.

Chapter 1
Introduction to Computers
OBJECTIVES
1. Recognize the importance of computer literacy
2. Identify the components of a computer
3. Discuss the uses of the Internet and World Wide
Web
4. Identify the categories of software
5. Describe the categories of computers
6. Identify the types of computer users
7. Discuss various computer applications in society
A World of Computers
What is computer literacy?
•
Knowledge and understanding of computers and their
uses
What Is a Computer?
• Electronic device operating under the control
of instructions stored in its own memory
Accepts data
Raw facts, figures, and symbols
Processes data into
information
Data that is organized, meaningful, and
useful
Produces and
stores results
Advantages of Using Computers
•
•
•
•
•
Speed
Reliability
Consistency
Storage
Communications
Disadvantages of Using Computers
•
•
•
•
Violation of Privacy
Impact on Labor Force
Health Risks
Impact on Environment
Information processing cycle
What is the information processing cycle?
•
•
•
•
•
Input
Process
Output
Storage
Communication
The Components of a Computer
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Input Devices
Output Devices
System Unit
Storage Devices
Communication Devices
1. Input Devices
•
•
Hardware used to
enter data and
instructions
Widely used input
devices:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Keyboard
Mouse
Microphone
Scanner
Digital Camera
PC Video Camera
2. Output Devices
•
•
Hardware that
conveys information
to one or more
people
Common output
devices:
1. Printer
2. Monitor
3. Speakers
3. System Unit
•
•
•
Case containing
electronic components
used to process data.
Motherboard or Circuit
Board.
2 Components of
Motherboard:
1. Central Processing
Unit (CPU)
2. Memory
CPU & Memory
•
Processor
–
•
The electronic component that interprets and
carries out the basic instructions that operate
the computer.
Memory
–
Consists of electronic components that store
instructions waiting to be executed and data
needed by those instructions
4. Storage
• Holds data, instructions, and information for future use
• Storage media
• Physical material on which data, instructions,
and information are stored
• Storage device
• Records and retrieves items to and from
a storage medium
• Examples
– Hard Disks
– USB Flash Drives
– CD
– DVD
5. Communications device
• Hardware component that enables a computer to
send and receive data, instructions, and information
• E.g.: Modem
• Occurs over cables, telephone lines, cellular radio
networks (wireless), satellites (wireless), and other
transmission media.
Networks and the Internet
•
•
A network is a collection of computers and devices
connected together.
Allow computers to share resources:
– Hardware
– Software
– Data
– Information
Internet
• Worldwide collection of networks that
connects millions of businesses, government
agencies, educational institutions, and
individuals.
• Web
– Billions of documents, called Web pages, available
to anyone connected to the Internet
Internet Uses?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Communications
Information
Shopping
Banking & Investing
Education
Entertainment
Sharing information
Software
• Also called Program
• Consists of a series of instructions that tells
the computer what to do.
• 2 Types:
• System Software
• Application Software
System Software
• Programs that control or maintain the
operations of the computer and its devices
• Serve as interface between user, the
application software & computer’s hardware
• 2 Types:
• Operating System
• Utility Program
Operating System
• is a set of programs that coordinates all
activities among computer hardware devices
and allows users to run application software.
• Examples of operating systems for personal
computers include Microsoft Windows, Linux,
Mac OS , and Unix.
Utility Program
• allow the user to perform maintenance-type
tasks usually related to managing a computer,
its devices or its programs
• Control Panel
• ISS
• Computer Management
Application Software
• Programs that perform specific tasks for users
• Example:
– Web browsers
– Word Processors
– Database Management
– Project management
– DTP
– Web Design
Computer Software
System Software
Application Software
Operating
System
Utility Programs
Categories of Computers
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Personal Computers
Mobile Computers/Devices
Game Consoles
Servers
Mainframes
Supercomputers
Embedded Computers
Personal Computers
•What are the two most popular series of personal
computers?
 Apple Macintosh

PC and compatibles
use the Windows
operating system
uses the Macintosh
operating system
(Mac OS)
Mobile Computers
•
•
•
•
Notebooks/Laptops
Tablet PC
PDA
Smart Phones
Game Consoles
Mobile computing device designed for
single-player or multiplayer video games
Servers
• What types of servers are there?
•A server controls access to network
resources and provides centralized
storage
•Mainframe Very powerful,
expensive computer that supports
thousands of computers
•Supercomputer The fastest,
most powerful, most expensive
computer. Used for applications
requiring complex mathematical
calculations
Embedded Computers
A special-purpose
computer that functions as a
component in a larger product
Computer Usage
What are five categories of computer
users?
•Home User
•Small Office/Home Office User
•Mobile User
•Power User
•Large Business User
•
•
•
•
•
Home User
What software is available for a home user?
Personal Finance Management
Web access
Communications
Entertainment
Small Office User
•What software is available for a small
office/home office (SOHO) user?




Productivity
software
Specialty
software
Web usage
E-mail
Mobile User

Hardware





Notebook computers
PDAs
Smart phones
Tablet PCs
Software



Word processing
Spreadsheet
Presentation graphics
software
Power User
• What are the needs of a power user?


Speed and large amounts of
storage
Types of power users
Engineers
 Architects
 Desktop publishers
 Graphic artists

Large Business Users
• What are the needs of the large business
user?




Payroll
Inventory
E-commerce
Desktop
publishing
Computer Applications in Society
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Education
Finance
Government
Health Care
Science
Publishing
Travel
Manufacturing
Chapter Summary
The computer and its components
Categories of computers
What is a network?
The Internet and the
World Wide Web
Types of software
Types of computer users
Questions?