Transcript Upgrade and new developments of the automatic weather stations network in Austria Ernest Rudel, Martin Mair & Kurt Zimmermann ZAMG (Central Institute of Meteorology.

Upgrade and new developments
of the automatic weather
stations network in Austria
Ernest Rudel, Martin Mair & Kurt Zimmermann
ZAMG (Central Institute of Meteorology and Geodynamics)
Vienna, Austria
2005-05-04
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Outline
 Meteorological networks
 History of AWS network
 Present system
 New system
 Improvement of sensor systems
 Outlook
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Demands on a National
Meteorological Network
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WMO standards
Adequate spatial distribution
Data in more population dense areas (greater demand
for data)
Data from important traffic routes
Areas with minimum and maximum values
Areas with pronounced gradients
Continuity (Long time measurements on the same site)
Same quality check and derived values
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Purposes of a meteorological
network
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Data for international exchange
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Data for severe weather warnings
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Atmosphere monitoring over national territory
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Data for weather prediction, climatological analysis
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Expertise use (courts, assurance companies, regulations,
standards, ...)
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Advantages of AWS
 Increasing temporary and area coverage
 Providing data from data sparse areas where human
observations are not practical
 Providing data continuously at frequent intervals and for
any observation time
 Eliminating the subjectivity in manual observations
 Reflecting the requirements of all users of near real time
synoptic data
 Supporting the trends to reducing model grid scale and
the need for more observations to be available in shorter
timescales
 Make believe to reduce costs
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History
 1981 First AWS
 1985 Some telephone links
 1991 Network of AWS with leased
telephone lines
 1992 ZAMG generates most of the hourly
synoptical reports fully automated
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Future requirements of
AWS network
(1) Increase of the density of AWS
(2) Significant reduction of the overall costs of operation
 Shut down of all manually operated classical
stations
 Increase of the network of AWS up to 200 –
220 stations
 Substitution of the present AWS with a new
generation of AWS
 Improvement of the sensor equipment of AWS
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Present system of AWS
Central Unit

Power Supply

Data Processing
Sensor 1
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Sensor 2
sensor supplyl line
sensor signal line
sensor supplyl line
sensor signal line
sensor supplyl line
sensor signal line
Data Transmission
Sensor 3
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New system of AWS
power supply bus
Data Transmission
data trans bus
Central Unit

Power Supply

Data Processing
signal li
ne
sensor
supplyl
line
sensor
sensor supplyl line
line
supplyl
e
ignal lin
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Sensor 2
sensor
Sensor 1
Bus
Interface
s
sensor
sensor signal line
Bus
Interface
Sensor 3
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Flow of Data (Sketch)
Station
TUS Telemetric Security System
WAN Wide Area Network
RC
Regional Center
DB
Data Base
DB
RC
RC
TUS
DB
Center
TUS
WAN
RC
RC
DB
RC
TUS
DB
DB
RC
DB
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ZAMG Automated Measurement
Network
Altitudinal distribution of Area, population and AWS_new in Austria
40
35
Area
30
Population
AWS-new
%
25
20
15
10
5
0
<250
251-500
501-750
751-1000 1001-1250 1251-1500 1501-1750 1751-2000 2001-2500 2501-3000
>3000
m.a.s.l.
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Improvement of sensor systems
Parameter
Sensor type
Present AWS
New AWS
Air-and soil temperatures
NTC
NTC
Relative humidity
Hair hygrometer
Hair hygrometer
Amount of precipitation
Tipping bucket or weighing
gauge
Tipping bucket or weighing
gauge
Detection of precipitation
Resistive sensor
Optical sensor
Wind speed and direction
Cup anemometer
Ultrasonic anemometer
Sunshine
Rotating shutter
Static detector
Global radiation
BW pyranometer
BW pyranometer
Pressure
Electronic aneroid barometer
Electronic aneroid barometer
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Outlook
 The upgrade of the AWS- network ensures a quantitative
and a qualitative improvement of the measurement of
meteorological parameters.
 With the network of ~200 – 220 AWS a station should
be representative for approximately 400 km² (20x20km).
 The increase of the temporal resolution of the
measurement data in real time is required by different
users of meteorological data and especially for inputs in
local area numerical models.
 The standardization of the network would make it
possible to optimize the operational aspects by
decreasing the costs of operation.
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