Transcript ECE Work Session on Population Censuses Geneva, 23-25 November 2004 Types of censuses, enumeration methods and selected operational aspects: results of the ECE questionnaire Paolo.

ECE Work Session on Population Censuses
Geneva, 23-25 November 2004
Types of censuses, enumeration methods
and selected operational aspects: results
of the ECE questionnaire
Paolo Valente
Social and Demographic Statistics Section
UN Economic Commission for Europe - Statistical Division
UNECE
Summary of presentation
Review of census methods used in 2000 round, also
in relation with legal and administrative context.
“Bonus slides” with preliminary general results on
some topics not covered in the paper:
- Statistical uses of census data
- Publicity and information campaign
- Census evaluation
- Census costs by main budget lines
- Main problems faced by countries in the 2000 round
Conclusions
UNECE
The 2000 round of population and
housing censuses in the ECE region
Censuses taken in 48 out of 55 countries in the ECE
region
In all countries the census was taken between 1999
and 2002, with a few exceptions:
- Turkmenistan, Israel and Malta: 1995
- Republic of Moldova: October 2004
Replies to the ECE questionnaire on censuses
available for 44 countries (43 out of the 48 ECE
countries where census was taken + Australia)
UNECE
Types of censuses and main
enumeration methods
Main enumeration
method:
Type of population census:
Traditional Registers Registers
Data from
census
plus
plus sample registers
(fieldwork) fieldwork survey data only
Interviewer,
paper questionnaire
21
Self-compiled form,
delivered and
collected by enum.
Self-compiled form,
delivered by enum.
and mailed back
Self-compiled form,
mailed-out,
collected by enum.
Self-compiled form,
mail-out, mail-back
Enumeration based on
registers (no forms)
9
2
23
(Latvia,
Slovenia)
3
1 (Spain)
10
3
(France,
Canada, UK)
1 (Malta)
1
(USA)
1
2
3
(Belgium ,
Sw itzerland)
35
5
1
3
(Netherlands)
Finland, Norw ay)
1
3
(Denm ark,
4
44
UNECE
Types of censuses and main
enumeration methods
Main enumeration
method:
A1
A2
Type of population census:
Traditional Registers Registers
Data from
census
plus
plus sample registers
(fieldwork) fieldwork survey data only
Interviewer,
paper questionnaire
21
Self-compiled form,
delivered and
collected by enum.
Self-compiled form,
delivered by enum.
and mailed back
Self-compiled form,
mailed-out,
collected by enum.
Self-compiled form,
mail-out, mail-back
Enumeration based on
registers (no forms)
9
2
23
(Latvia,
Slovenia)
3
1 (Spain)
(France,
10
3
B
Canada, UK)
1 (Malta)
1
(USA)
1
2
C
(Belgium ,
Sw itzerland)
35
5
3
1
3
(Netherlands)
Finland, Norw ay)
1
3
(Denm ark,
4
44
UNECE
Legal context for the 2000 censuses:
Existence of statistical legislation
Census act existing in 38 countries (86%)
Statistics act existing in 36 countries (82%)
Data protection act existing in 33 countries (75%)
No significant differences among different groups
of countries, but…
…in countries using registers, possible association
with existence of Statistics acts and Data protection
acts, rather then Census acts?
UNECE
Administrative context:
Existence of use of PIN (1/2)
Existence Where the PIN exists, it is used for…
Countries
of PIN
All 44 countries
Group A1
(Trad. census, interviewer)
Group A2
(Trad. census, self-compilation)
Group B
(Registers + fieldwork)
Group C
(Registers, no fieldwork)
Admin.
Census Surveys
(None)
Sources
70%
48%
39%
77%
16%
71%
40%
27%
87%
7%
71%
30%
20%
50%
40%
60% 100% 100% 100%
0%
75% 100% 100% 100%
0%
UNECE
Administrative context:
Existence of use of PIN (2/2)
PIN is not necessary to use registers for censuses
(examples: Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland)
Countries using registers for censuses and where PIN
exist, use it extensively for statistical purposes
Other countries make limited use of PIN for censuses
and statistical surveys (because of restrictions?)
UNECE
Administrative context:
Existence of registers
Existence
Countries
All 44 countries
Group A1
(Trad. census, interviewer)
Group A2
(Trad. census, self-compilation)
Group B
(Registers + fieldwork)
Group C
(Registers, no fieldwork)
Existing registers:
of registers Population
Business
Insurance
Dwellings
(incl. agr.)
(incl. soc. sec.)
89%
57%
77%
16%
55%
86%
38%
71%
14%
62%
86%
57%
79%
7%
57%
100%
100%
80%
20%
0%
100%
100%
100%
50%
75%
UNECE
Administrative context:
Existence of registers
Existence
Countries
All 44 countries
Group A1
(Trad. census, interviewer)
Group A2
(Trad. census, self-compilation)
Group B
(Registers + fieldwork)
Group C
(Registers, no fieldwork)
Existing registers:
of registers Population
Business
Insurance
Dwellings
(incl. agr.)
(incl. soc. sec.)
89%
57%
77%
16%
55%
86%
38%
71%
14%
62%
86%
57%
79%
7%
57%
100%
100%
80%
20%
0%
100%
100%
100%
50%
75%
No population register  No register-based census!
UNECE
Administrative context:
Use of registers for censuses…
Type of register:
Population
Dwellings
Business
Insurance
Post office address list
Other registers
TOTAL NUMBER OF
COUNTRIES:
Countries using the registers…
To establish
To pre-fill
To produce
address lists census forms census data
11
5
0
0
3
6
6
0
2
1
0
2
7
4
8
4
0
7
21
8
9
UNECE
Administrative context:
… and use of censuses for registers
Type of register:
Population
Dwellings
Business
Insurance
Post office address list
Other registers
TOTAL NUMBER OF
COUNTRIES:
Countries using the census…
To update
To create
existing register
new register
5
3
1
0
2
5
2
6
2
1
1
2
11
7
UNECE
Administrative context:
… and use of censuses for registers
Type of register:
Population
Dwellings
Business
Insurance
Post office address list
Other registers
TOTAL NUMBER OF
COUNTRIES:
Countries using the census…
To update
To create
existing register
new register
5
3
1
0
2
5
2
6
2
1
1
2
11
7
Confidentiality implications!
UNECE
Statistical uses of census data
Uses of census data:
Groups of countries by
census methodology
All 44 countries
Group A1
(Trad. census, interviewer)
Group A2
(Trad. census, self-compilation)
Group B
(Registers + fieldwork)
Group C
(Registers, no fieldwork)
Revision of
Base for Revision Frame for
intercensal
population of admin. sample
population
projections records surveys
estimates
84%
84%
20%
77%
100%
100%
29%
90%
93%
100%
14%
79%
60%
40%
20%
80%
0%
0%
0%
0%
UNECE
Publicity campaign (1/2)
Publicity campaign carried out in 41 countries
No publicity campaign in Belgium, Denmark and
the Netherlands…
…but publicity campaign in some countries with
register-based censuses (Finland and Norway)
UNECE
Publicity campaign:
Means of publicity
Means of publicity:
National TV
Newspapers and magazines
National radio
Local radio
Press conf., other events
Posters
Leaflets
Local TV
Internet
Billboards
Gadgets
Other
1st mean of
publicity
Countries
40
31
38
15
38
14
37
9
35
10
34
8
31
9
31
8
22
5
20
6
9
2
8
0
UNECE
Publicity campaign:
“Innovative approaches…”
• In Canada, no national TV, but:
- free ads/inserts
- sugar bags
- milk cartoon
- rail cars
- calendar and agenda companies
- mail inserts
- plastic bags
- ATMs, etc.
• And in Italy: SMS!!!
UNECE
Publicity campaign (cont.)
Main locations for posters and leaflets
Selected targets of the campaign:
Locations:
Countries
Public institutions
36
Schools
30
Stations, airports
25
Post offices, pharmacies
25
Libraries
19
Locations:
Young and students
People in rural areas
Foreigners
Ethnic minorities
Countries
28
19
16
15
UNECE
Information campaign
Means of information:
TV programs
Newspapers, magazines
Radio programs
Call center
Internet
Booklets
Events
CD-ROM
Other
Countries
39
39
37
29
28
26
17
6
6
1st mean of
information
21
13
11
12
4
7
2
1
1
UNECE
Information campaign
Main aims of information campaign:
Make respondent confident
Make answering correct and easier
Explain legal frame
Explain instruments
Other
Countries
39
37
33
29
12
UNECE
Census evaluation
Types of evaluation conducted:
Comparison with other data sources
Demographic analysis
Coverage post-enumeration survey
Quality post-enumeration survey
Field re-interviews
Countries
24
20
19
14
14
UNECE
Census evaluation
In case of PES, were census official
figures adjusted accordingly?
Countries
No adjustment
Yes, for the total population
Yes, for geografic breakdowns
Yes, for age/sex breakdowns
Adjustement only for retrospective
estimates/future forecasts, but not to
official population figures
13
8
7
6
No post-enumeration survey
10
2
UNECE
Cost of censuses
% distribution by main budget lines
Census budget lines:
General preparation,
services, logistics
Equipment
Enumeration
(fieldwork)
Data entry, checking,
coding
Processing and
analysis
Publication,
dissemination and
documentation
Other costs
Total
Groups of countries
All countries
A1
A2
B
C
16
19
10
13
25
10
13
8
5
8
40
44
44
42
0
12
7
18
16
13
5
2
3
7
21
5
3
3
2
22
13
100
12
100
14
100
14
100
11
100
UNECE
Cost of censuses
% distribution by main budget lines
100%
Other
90%
80%
Publication, dissemination
and documentation
70%
Processing and analysis
60%
Data entry, checking, coding
50%
40%
Enumeration (fieldwork)
30%
Equipment
20%
10%
General preparation,
services, logistics
0%
All
countries
A1
A2
B
C
UNECE
Main problems and difficulties faced
in the 2000 round of censuses
Main problems and dificulties:
Data collection
Funding sources
Cartography/Mapping
Use of new technologies
Staff
Design of questionnaires
Data processing
Publicity
Checking-controlling-coding
Conformity to content according to
Recommendations and Concepts
Regional and local structure
Evaluation
Number of
countries
15
12
11
11
11
8
8
7
6
4
3
3
UNECE
Conclusions
In 2000 round, limited variability in census
methodology adopted: most countries took
traditional census
Different methods have different implications
on various phases of census
In 2010, much higher variability is expected
with regard to census methods (seminar, pres.
on Plans for 2010)
UNECE
Implications for 2010
recommendations (1/2)
New expanded section on census methodology
(2000 recommendations focussed on content)
Objective: not to “recommend” specific
approaches, but rather to “inform” about possible
options and help countries to evaluate them
Review of different approaches, discussing:
- necessary conditions
- implications on various phases of census
- advantages and disadvantages
UNECE
Implications for 2010
recommendations (2/2)
Possible areas to be covered:
- Possible uses of registers
- Possible uses of sample surveys
- Other approaches (“rolling census”?)
- Census evaluation (coverage and quality)
- Publicity and information campaign
-…
UNECE