Transcript “Reduction of household pollution” Paul H. Riley Department of Electrical And Electronic Engineering.

“Reduction of household pollution”
Paul H. Riley
Department of
Electrical And Electronic Engineering
Current cooking habits
3 Billion people cook on open fire
4 million per year die prematurely from smoke
Photo courtesy Practical Action
Indian Sub continent
Sub Saharan Africa
……Nepal…. the World
Smoke inhalation causes many health problems. Wood burning is
only one source of smoke. Kerosene for lighting also contributes.
World Bank [2] 2011
“Research on improved cookstoves dates back to the 1950s;
the ensuing decades witnessed large-scale field programs
centered on increasing the efficiency of certain stove
designs. Over the past 30 years, the focus of the
international community has gradually shifted toward the
socio-cultural contexts in which the stoves operate. While
the stoves themselves may have been simple, their effects
on household and regional health and economics have often
been complex and far-reaching. In short, many
approaches to introducing improved stoves have been
tried, with some successes and many failures…”
“From 1980 until about 2002, hundreds or even thousands of
artisan-produced cookstove models were developed…”
Uptake in Rural Areas
100%
Mobile Phones
Clean cookstoves
1950
8% outside China.[2]
2007 2013
Alone, clean cookstoves are boring.
Phones are wanted .. Why?
Uptake conclusion
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It is not the cookstove design preventing uptake
We must take cognisance of the social context and
the techno-social interactions
Partnerships are key.
Social context
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To improve health need to remove smoke
inhalation from stove and kerosene
 Used for lighting
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How to make clean cookstoves more like
mobile phones?
To generate the want?
What are the :
 Inhibitors
 Motivators
Example of Inhibitors
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If the still won’t fit
 No alcohol made
 Not accepted
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Stove had hot spot
 One woman burnt hand
 Other 32 stoves were not used
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Remove the smoke
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Insects have a party
People get ill
Stove bring the demons
House eaten by termites
Conclusion:
If you remove the smoke, solve the associated problems
Improved Stoves inhibitors
http://www.research.philips.com/passwo
rd/download/password_28.pdf page 28
Wood collected too big for stove
http://www.biolitestove.com/
Broader based Inhibitors
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At household level convince change is beneficial to the
 Male
 Female
 Children
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Village
 Positive “grape vine” communication is essential
 Cooperative and village hierarchy have to be supportive
 Potential disadvantaged need addressing
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Manufacturing logistics
 If it breaks, it will not get used..
 Unless it can easily be fixed
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Country (government)
 Balance of payments
 Profit flows to benefit country not foreigners
 Reduction of corruption
Motivators
Adding packaged solutions although adding cost can make the
solution more affordable and generates the want.
Stoves that generate electricity are highly motivating
for all the family
Particularly lights and mobile phone charging
Technology options
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There is no doubt that a reliable smoke-free
cooking stove that generates electricity, reduces
fuel consumption and is affordable, will sell in the
100’s millions and give great benefit.
What technologies can meet these requirements?
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Mini-hydro and clean stoves
Erikson cycle
Stirling engine
Steam engine
Solar plus clean cooking stove
Thermo-Acoustic (eg Score-Stove™)
Thermo-Electric (Thermopile)
Affordability
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Cheapest solution is not the most affordable
 The right packaged solution makes it more attractive.
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Stop using kerosene for lighting.
 Typical kerosene cost = £15 to £30 pa
 Torches etc. mean kerosene use > zero
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Use of LED lights, low maintenance
Need easy-to-use way to monitor electricity
 So that carbon credits can be claimed.
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Total Package aimed at £100, with micro finance
Thanks to
EPSRC, The Research Council in the UK.
 Score Partners.
 Practical Action.
 Alstom.