Transcript South Carolina Forest Land KY OK TN AR MS TX VA AL NC SC GA LA FL Source for Forest inventory and Analysis Data : USDA Forest Service, SRS South Carolina Forestry Commission.

South Carolina
Forest Land
KY
OK
TN
AR
MS
TX
VA
AL
NC
SC
GA
LA
FL
Source for Forest inventory and Analysis Data :
USDA Forest Service, SRS
South Carolina Forestry Commission
The South’s Forestland by State, 1998
25
Million
Acres
20
15
10
5
0
Source: Sheffield, USDA Forest Service, SRS, FIA Data
South Carolina ranks 10th in acreage of commercial timberland in the
Southeast.
SC Ownership Classes
12.3 Million Timberland Acres*
Private
74%
Industry**
16%
Public
5%
USFS
5%
The distribution of ownerships in SC parallel closely with the
Southeast (13 states). A total of 90% of the landowners in SC are
private nonindustrial landowners and forest industry.
Source: USDA Forest Service,
SC Forestry Commission, FIA Data
* FIA 2000 data is preliminary representing 60% of
the total plots to be sampled.
** Industry includes leased Private lands.
South Carolina
Forest Type Distribution
12.3 Million Acres*
Bottomland
Hardwood
20.3%
Upland
Hardwood
19.4%
Oak-Pine
11.7%
Pine
Plantations
24.8%
Natural Pine
23.8%
South Carolina has a fairly even distribution of forest types
demonstrating diversity of the forests.
Source: USDA Forest Service,
SC Forestry Commission, FIA Data
* FIA 2000 data is preliminary representing 60%
of the total plots to be sampled.
Forest Type Distribution by State
Pine plantation
Natural pine
Oak–pine
Source: Sheffield, USFS, FIA Data.
Upland hardwood
Bottomland hardwood
Forest Ownership Trends for South Carolina
USFS
Public
Industry
Private
14.00
Million Acres
12.00
10.00
9.20
9.29
9.17
1.67
2.05
2.24
1958
1968
1978
8.38
9.02
9.08
2.32
1.99
1993
2000*
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
2.63
0.00
Source: USDA Forest Service,
SC Forestry Commission, FIA Data
1986
Years
* FIA 2000 data is preliminary representing
60% of the total plots to be sampled.
The trend in SC for the past 15 years, as well as the SE, is the divesting of
large land holdings by forest companies. Pension funds and partnerships
are purchasing much of these large acreages. Industry consolidation and
present tax laws have been a major force in this trend, and this trend is
expected to continue.
Billion Cubic Feet
Historical Net Volume of Growing Stock* - SC
10
9
8
Softwood
Hardwood
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1958
1968
* Growing Stock is inventory of commercial
trees at least 5 inches in diameter in the forest.
1978
Years
1986
1993
2000**
** FIA 2000 data is preliminary representing
60% of the total plots to be sampled.
Source: USDA Forest Service, and SC Forestry Commission, FIA Data
Total growing stock volume has increased 111% since 1958. Softwood has
increased 106% (or by 4.6 billion cubic feet). Hardwood has increased 117% (or
by 4.7 billion cubic feet). Note that Hurricane Hugo (1989) destroyed an
estimated 2.5 billion cubic feet and only 387 million cubic feet (15%) was
salvaged and is reflected in the 1993 data. The amount of timber destroyed in
one day was equivalent to approximately 4 years of harvesting.
Million Acres
Past and Projected Changes in
Forest Stand Types - SC
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Planted Pine
Natural Pine
Hardw ood
1952 1962 1970 1977 1986 1993 1998 2003 2008 2013 2018 2023
Source: USDA Forest Service, FIA Data, 1993
Years
Forestry has come under criticism of converting too much forestland to
planted pine. The perception is that much of the hardwood forests are
being converted to pine. The actual trend is demonstrated above
showing the conversion of natural pine sites to planted pine. Hardwood
area remains relatively constant for the last 50 years.
Area (000 acres)
Forest Ownership Trends in SC
Industry
Corporate
Farmer
Individual
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
1968
Source: USDA Forest Service, FIA Data, 1993
1978
Year
1986
1993
For the last 25 years, forest acreage has remained constant, while forest
land ownerships have changed significantly. Individual and corporate
landowners have increased in area, industry has increased slightly and
is presently in a downturn, while farm ownership of forest land has
decreased almost 46 percent. Farm land acreage (crop and pasture
acreage) has decreased 34.6 % from 1958 to 1993.
Southeast Planted Acres 1998-99
2
(Pine and Hardwood)
2,
43
400,000
9
44
1,
49
450,000
31
350,000
1
5,
94
2
6,
37
10
12
150,000
0
4
9,
04
12
14
6,
86
9
8,
51
2
6
15
16
3,
90
2,
57
17
200,000
8
5,
00
250,000
19
2
8,
24
50,000
,7
4
28
,1
0
5
0
100,000
27
Acres
300,000
0
GA
(1)
MS
(2)
FL
(3)
Source: SC Forestry Commission
LA
(4)
AL
(5)
SC
(6)
TX
(7)
AR
(8)
NC
(9)
VA
(10)
OK
(11)
TN
(12)
KY
(13)
State (rank)
During the decade of of the 1990s, SC planted an average of
146,000 acres per year.
Seedlings Planted in SC, 1929 - 1999
350,000
300,000
Acres
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
19
29
19
32
19
35
19
38
19
41
19
44
19
47
19
50
19
53
19
56
19
59
19
62
19
65
19
68
19
71
19
74
19
77
19
80
19
83
19
86
19
89
19
92
19
95
19
98
0
Source: SC Forestry Commission
Years
South Carolina has been a leader in the SE in regard to acres planted
relative to timberland acreage. The first spike of acres planted is the Soil
Bank Program, and the second spike represents the Conservation
Reserve Program (CRP).
Billion Cubic Feet
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
Softwood Growing Stock Volume by DBH
South Carolina
1978
1986
1993
2000*
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
6
8
10
* FIA 2000 data is preliminary representing
60% of the total plots to be sampled.
12
14
16
DBH (inches)
18
20
21+
Source: USDA Forest Service,
SC Forestry Commission, FIA Data
Softwood growing stock is showing remarkable recovery from the hurricane
Hugo devastation (1989). With proper management, there should be an
increase in growing stock volume for the 10 to 14 inch diameter classes in
the next 10 years.
Hardwood Growing Stock Volume by DBH
South Carolina
1.4
Billion Cubic Feet
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
1978
0.4
1986
1993
0.2
2000*
0
6
8
10
* FIA 2000 data is preliminary representing
60% of the total plots to be sampled.
12
14
16
DBH (inches)
18
20
21+
Source: USDA Forest Service,
SC Forestry Commission, FIA Data
The distribution of hardwood diameter classes has not shown
significant change I the last 22 years.
Population density map for North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia
# of People Per Square Mile*
> 800
400 - 800
200 - 400
100 - 200
0 - 100
* 1999 population estimates by CACI International, Inc. based on 1990
US Census
Virginia Study (D. Ware, et al., USDA Forest Service,1998)
At approximately 45 people/square mile, there is a 50:50 chance of practicing forestry.
At 150 people/square mile, forest management approaches zero.
Forecast Change in Forest Land
1992-2010
forest change
>14% loss
8-14% loss
1-8% loss
stable
>1% gain
Source: USDA Forest Service, SRS
The Southeast Supplies
52% of the saw logs
77% of the pulpwood
66% of the plywood and veneer
42% of the composite panel
59% of total product output
Source: Johnson, USFS, TPO Data, 1997.
Value of Products to the Southeast
Softwood
Hardwood
Total
(Billions of dollars)
Saw logs
5.0
1.2
6.2
Veneer
1.2
.168
1.35
Pulpwood
2.0
1.1
3.1
C. Panel
.083
.039
.122
Other
.269
.626
.895
All Products 8.494
3.133
11.627
Source: Johnson, USDA Forest Service, TPO Data, 1997.
Delivered to mill prices
Total Stumpage* and Delivered Values
of Timber Harvested in South Carolina
$1,000
Million Dollars
(constant $)
$900
$800
Stumpage Value
Delivered Value
$700
$600
$500
$400
$300
$200
$100
$0
1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1997 1999
*Stumpage is the value of trees standing in the forest.
Year
The chart represents a total of all roundwood types, and also reflects an increase
in production over time. When assessing value and production together in terms
of value per cubic foot ($/cu.ft.), there is a 87.4 % increase in delivered value over
the 20 year period, or 4.4%/year (simple interest and constant dollars). Total
value was calculated by using timber product output data and average stumpage
and delivered values by products from Timber Mart-South.
Compiled by Clemson University from USDA Forest Service TPO Data and Timber Mart-South
Softwood - Mill Output for SC
600
Logs
Million Cubic Feet
500
400
Pulpwood
Total
300
200
100
0
1936 1946
1957 1967 1972
1977 1983 1988 1994
Source: USDA Forest Service, TPO Data
Years
1997 1999
Hard w o o d - M ill Ou tp u t fo r S C
180
M illion Cubic Feet
160
140
Logs
P u lp w o o d
T o ta l
`
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1936 1946 1957 1967 1972 1977 1983 1988 1994 1997 1999
Source: USDA Forest Service, TPO Data
Y e a rs
Source: USFS, TPO Data 1997
Summary
Forest land base is stable
Overall mix of pine and hardwood has not
changed greatly in 5 decades and is not
expected to change significantly in the future
Pine component moving steadily toward more
planted stands…fewer natural
Greater private ownership will keep the
south’s forests productive and in demand
Maximum sustainable harvest levels in sight
but no indication of running out of timber in
the future
Potential constraints on timber supply:

Timberland Operability - adverse sites, best
management practices

Timberland Availability - ownership, policy,
and government control

Age Structure and Stocking - past
management and Hugo’s impact

Policy Issues - set asides, harvesting
restrictions, and potential regulations

Lack of knowledge and incentives for private
non-industrial landowners to practice
sustainable forestry

Lack of proactive public participation by the
forestry community
Opportunities to increase growth and yield
 Regeneration with improved seedling stock
 Commercial thinning where feasible
 Harvest and regenerate at maturity
 Salvage and regenerate when appropriate
 Continue investments in R & D
 Other stand improvements where feasible
800,000
Primary Mill Residues
700,000
Tons
600,000
Saw Logs
Veneer Logs
Pulpwood
Other
1,073,521 Total
Tons
500,000
85% Softwood
400,000
15% Hardwood
300,000
200,000
100,000
0
l
Al
s
e
p
Ty
Source: USDA Forest Service, TPO Data, 1993
rk
a
B
Co
se
r
a
w
a
S
st
u
d
Residue Type
Sh
s
g
in
v
a
Wood Residue Disposal in SC
Source: USDA Forest Service, TPO Data, 1997
Annual Forest Biomass Residuals
From Timber Harvesting
Pine ~ 4.1 Million Tons
Hardwood ~ 5.2 Million Tons
Total Employment in Leading Manufacturing
Industries in SC, 1999
Employment
71,300
39,052
32,019
Textile mills
Machinery
Source: SC Employment Security Commission
Forest
Industry
26,036
24,483
Chemicals Rubber -Misc
Plastics
Payroll (millions)
Total Payroll for Leading Manufacturing
Industries in SC, 1999
$2,046
$1,441
$1,236
$1,182
$958
Textile mills
Machinery
Source: SC Employment Security Commission
Forest
Industry
Chemical
Rubber - Misc
Plastics
Billion $
Value of Shipments and Value Added for Leading
Manufacturing Industries in SC, 1997
14.00
Value of Shipments
Value Added
$13.25
12.00
$10.03
10.00
8.00
$7.69
$6.92
$6.82
$5.52
6.00
$3.87
4.00
$3.37
$2.74
$2.54
2.00
0.00
Chemical
Textile mills
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census
Forest Industry
Transportation
equipment
Machinery
Total Capital Expenditures for Leading
Manufacturing Industries in SC, 1997
Million $
$944
$470
$423
$312
$234
Chemical
Forest Industry
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census
Textile Mills
Transportation
Equipment
Plastics &
Rubber
Products
Economic Value of Wildlife in
South Carolina
• 1.1 million participated in wildlife
recreation annually
• Annual expenditures top $1.5 billion
• $30 million annually for land-use access
fees to private landowners
Source: 1996 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and WildlifeAssociated Recreation
Economic Value of Wildlife in
South Carolina
Hunting in SC Annually Generates ….
10,677 jobs
$357 million in retail sales
$192 million in salaries and wages
$23 million in state and federal taxes
$18 million in sales tax
$658 million in total economic effects
Source: 1996 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and WildlifeAssociated Recreation
Economic Value of Wildlife
Hunting in SC
# of hunters
Days of hunting
Days/hunter
Average/hunter
Average/day
300,000
6,921,000
23
$1,150
$17
Economic Value of Wildlife
Types of Hunting in SC
Deer
Dove
Squirrel
Wild Turkey
Ducks
Rabbit
Quail
#Hunters
245,000
71,000
56,000
53,000
44,000
40,000
34,000
Economic Value of Wildlife in
South Carolina
Annual Fishing in SC ...
Total Participants
Residents
NR
Total Expenditures
Average/Participant
986,000
638,000
349,000
$707 million
$717
Source: 1996 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and WildlifeAssociated Recreation
Economic Value of Wildlife in
South Carolina
Annual Wildlife Activities
Feed Wildlife*
Observe Wildlife
Photograph Wildlife
Maintain Natural Areas
Maintain Plantings
Visit Public Areas
# People
761,000
577,000
172,000
154,000
127,000
101,000
Source: 1996 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and WildlifeAssociated Recreation
*Cash receipts for sunflower seed production for wildlife in SC
surpassed other agriculture crops in 2000 (Ed Murdock, personal
communication)
Economic Value of Wildlife
Wildlife Watching in SC
Total Participants
Residents
NR
Total Expenditures
Average/Participant
1.1 million
817,000
408,000
$3 million
$290
Landowner Income
Alternatives from WildlifeRelated Activities
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Permits
Fee Hunting (dove fields)
Fee Fishing
Shooting Preserves
Sporting Clays
Non-consumptive Fee Access
Hunting Leases
Summary Points to Remember...
•
Natural resources (forest,
wildlife, & fisheries) surpasses
agriculture in total economic
importance to SC
•
Diversifies farm/forest land
income and compliments
traditional land-use &
management