Transcript Welcome to the WeBS Retreat David Culler Computer Science Division U.C. Berkeley Intel Research @ Berkeley www.cs.berkeley.edu/~culler.

Welcome to the WeBS Retreat
David Culler
Computer Science Division
U.C. Berkeley
Intel Research @ Berkeley
www.cs.berkeley.edu/~culler
Outline
• What retreats are about
• Introductions
• Webs Technology Push
• Webs application opportunities
• Where we are now
• Research Challenges
• Overview of the Agenda
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What retreats are about
• 6 month project checkpoint
– milestones, accomplishments, shortfalls
– course correction
• Students refine communication and investigation skills
– interested benign audience, lots of feedback
• In depth exchange with industrial collaborators
– discussion and feedback
– close with feedback session
• Build team and cement connections
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Introductions
• the start of a 3-day discussion...
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Technology Push
• CMOS advance not just Moore’s law
– miniaturization, lower cost, lower power, complete systems
• MEMS bringing rich array of cheap, tiny sensors
– tiny actuators too
• Communication
– low-power radios, optical, ...
• Power
– Solar, vibrational, parasitic, ...
mixer
PLL
LNA
• => microscopic Processing, Storage, Communication and
interaction with the physical world
• Can foresee computational fabrics, materials, jewelry,
clothing, insects, dust
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Application Pull
• Dense instrumentation in space and time
– environmental monitoring and management
– life sciences revolution
– emergency analysis and response
– surveillance and security
• In situ monitoring and management
– condition-based maintenance
• Ubiquitous computing environments
– infer intent from observed action & context, reactive environment
• Robotic swarms
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Bridging the Technology-Application Gap
• Power-aware, communication-centric node
architecture
• Tiny Operating System for Range of HighlyConstrained Application-specific environments
• Network Architecture for vast, self-organized
collections
• Programming Environments for aggregate
applications in a noisy world
• Distributed Middleware Services (time, trigger,
routing, allocation)
• Techniques for Fine-grain distributed control
• Demonstration Applications
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Where do we stand now?
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The de facto platform for sensor nets
• Developed a series of wireless sensor devices
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TinyOS concurrency framework
Messaging Model
Networking stacks (RF and Serial)
Multihop routing
Several Key components
– sensing, logging, data filters, broadcast
• Simulation tools
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Tiny OS Concepts
• Scheduler + Graph of Components
init
Commands,
Event Handlers
Frame (storage)
Tasks (concurrency)
Messaging Component
– frame per component, shared stack, no
heap
• Very lean multithreading
• Efficient Layering
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internal thread
Internal
State
TX_pack
et_done
(success
RX_pack
)et_done
(buffer)
• Constrained Storage Model
init
Power(mode)
TX_packet(buf)
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msg_rec(type, data)
msg_sen
d_done)
• Component:
Events
send_msg
(addr,
type, data)
Commands
power(mode)
– constrained two-level scheduling model:
threads + events
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application
Application = Graph of Components
Route map
router
sensor appln
packet
Radio byte
bit
Radio Packet
byte
Active Messages
RFM
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Serial Packet
UART
Temp
photo
ADC
SW
HW
clocks
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Example: ad hoc, multi-hop
routing of photo sensor
readings
3450 B code
226 B data
Graph of cooperating
state machines
on shared stack
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Many Research Groups on board
• UCB
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NEST
SensorWeb
Blackout
Glaser structures
CBE
BFD
BRWC
UCLA
USC
Rutgers winlab
Intel
Bosch
Crossbow
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U Wash
Rutgers
UIUC
NCSA
U Virginia
Ohio State
UCSD
Dartmouth
MIT
Accenture
and soon many more
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Handful of demonstration applications
• 29 Palms
• Cory Hall network
– ½ million packets over 3 weeks
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Surge network and environment display
CBE (???)
Glaser Shakes
Granlibakken retreat watcher
=> need to get greater application focus
• more real and long lived
• more dynamics
• extract architecture and create framework
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Key Experience
• Really good at building tinyOS subsystems
– non-blocking, split-phase event structures
• Internalized the “state of constant change”
paradigm
– ex: maintain routing tree by constantly rebuilding it
– soft state that is always suspect
– simple one-way protocols
• Operating in the aggregate
• Simple mechanisms to accomplish large goals
– MAC, ATC
• Out of the box on networking abstractions
– Low-power listen, wake-up, statistical sampling, weighted
aggregation
• Understanding of large scale dynamics
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Pushing Scale
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Good stated agenda with NEST
• Develop sequence of open experimental platforms
– basic services (time synch, trigger)
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Develop Challenge Application for NEST
FSM high-concurrency programming environment
Infrastructure support
Adversarial simulation
Macroprogramming unstructured aggregates
Challenge Application
composition services
coordination
synthesis
services
services
SW platform
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HW platform 16
New Ideas
Secure Language-Based Adaptive
• Small, flexible, low-cost, low-power,
Service Platform for
wireless embedded sensor devices
Large-scale Embedded Sensor Networks • Tiny event-driven, robust, open component
OS for NEST devices
David Culler,
Eric Brewer, David Wagner
Shakar Sastry, Kris Pister
UC Berkeley
- mcast, AM, prune algorithmic primitives
• FSM high-concurrency prog. env.
• Resilient aggregation
- for security and other noise
• Macroprogramming unstructured
aggregates
• Adversarial Simulation
Impact
• Enable creation of embedded distributed syst. of
Schedule
chal. app defn
unprecedented scale and role
- 1,000s of tiny networked sensors
• Enable new classes of applications integrated
with physical world
- Greatly simplify creation of distributed systems at
extreme scale (HW & SW)
- fine-grained distributed control
• Accelerate prototyping and evaluation of new
OEP1
defn
FSM
OEP1
on OEP1
eval
June 02
lang
based
optimize
final
& viz
macro.
prog.
lang
env
design
June 03
June 04
June 05
End
June 01
Start
OEP2
coord. & synthesis algorithms
proto
• Enable new, robust basis for distributed,
embedded software thru platform design &
OEP1
novel
tools for simulation and visualizationWEBS Retreat
10x100 kits
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• Drive NW sensor challenge applications
log &
trace
adv.
sim
OEP2
platform
design
OEP2
analysis
OEP2
OEP3
OEP3
platform chal app &
design17 evaluation
Wealth of Research Challenges
– imperfect operation and reliability
service
– operating in aggregate
network
• Create a suite of platforms to
initiate the cycle of refinement
• New family of issues across all
the layers
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system
architecture
technology
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prog / data model
application
algorithm / theory
– able to be casually deployed in
infrastructure (existing or to be
created)
mgmt / diag / debug
• Large numbers of highly
constrained (energy &
capability), connected devices
Technology Challenges
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Ultra low power data paths, ADC, ...
Radio (CMOS passives, SW, UWB)
Optical communication
Sensors & Actuators
near Zero-power ‘listen’
Basis for ranging & localization
Power harvesting and storage
– point of sustainable operation
• Integration into everyday devices
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Node Architecture Challenges
• General purpose, application specific
optimization
• Balance and functionality thresholds
• Physical vs virtual parallelism
– controller, interconnect hierarchy for network embedded dev.
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Passive vigilance
Self diagnosis and watch-dog
Subsystem abstractions
Packaging, packaging, packaging...
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Operating System Challenges
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Robust, efficient concurrency
in situ, dynamic code
communication primitives & capabilities
scheduling
discovery and configuration
security
programming model
synthesis and optimization
simulation and testing
Security & Privacy
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Networking Challenges
• Incorporating place and time
• Channel management
– coding, MAC, hopping
• Connectivity Management & Topology formation
• Routing
– richness, subprimitives, redundancy
• Protocols
• Architecture
– storage, retransmission, naming/addressing
– hierarchy
• Multicast / Aggregate operation
• Scheduling
• Security
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Service Challenges
• Discovery
– who are you, what do you have, what do you do, where am I?
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Recruitment of resources
Time synchronization
Localization
Routing services
Storage Services
Dynamic allocation of resources
Negotiation of roles
Service Architecture
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Distributed Control Challenges
• Closed-loop at many levels
• network in the feedback loop
– observation path
– control path
• Shift from large centralized analysis to many
small points of processing
• Distributed constraint solving
• Phase-transition characteristics
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Programming Challenges
• Analysis and synthesis of robust event-driven
structures
• Optimization for power, jitter, delay bounds
• In network programming and code management
• Nodal programming model
• Programming unstructured aggregates
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Application Challenges
• It’s all about data
– infrastructure data vs in-network data
– deep connections between queries and content-based routing
– compression vs robustness
• Data models for truly long-running queries
– when you don’t have much storage and BW, ...
• Cooperative processing
– multimodal and multi-lateration
• Everything has error terms
• What are the right higher-level abstractions
• Privacy
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Algorithms
• Classic distributed alg’s face tiny nodes and
highly dynamic network structure
– power constrained
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Localization
Scheduling
Fine-Grain Inverse problems
Imaging
Constructive foundations of self-organization
Understanding how an extreme system is
behaving and what is its envelope
– adversarial simulation
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Overview of Agenda (monday)
• Introductions (Culler chair)
– Overview of the Project (David Culler)
– Closing the loop - Control and Applications (Shankar Sastry)
– NEST MICA Platform architecture (Jason Hill)
• Dinner
• Demo presentations (Brewer chair)
– Building-wide monitoring of environment and things (Robert
Szewczyk, Anind Dey)
– Cheap robots & Smart Dust (Mike Scott & Sarah Bergbreiter)
– ROBOMOTE (Gaurav Sukhatme, USC)
• Play
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Overview of Agenda (Tuesday)
• Sensor Processing and Simulation (Sastry chair)
– NEST Sensor platform (Alec Woo)
– Localization (Kamin Whitehouse)
– Visualization and Simulation (Phil Levis)
• Breakout Session - Breakthough Opportunities and Challenges
– Radical new applications
– Key Algorithmic / Theoretical Problems
– Novel networking / Systems Design
• 12:00 - 4:00 Lunch Recreation and Team Building
• Networking and Applications (Pister Chair)
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Net dynamics (Deepak Ganesan)
Mote geocast (Joe Polastre& Rachael Rubin)
Tracking (Bruno & Luca)
Security, crypto, beaconing (Adrian Perrig) - key distr, auth
• Dinner
• Panel: Applications of Networked Embedded Systems Technology
(Wagner chair)
– Falk Herman, Bosch
– Lakshman, Intel - Ubiquitous Office Environments
– Kris Pister, Structures, Fire, and all that
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– Alan Mainwaring, Intel - What the field
biologists
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Overview of Agenda (Wednesday)
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8:30 - 9:30 Open Mic
9:30 - 10:00 Break to check out
10:00 - 11:00 Report from Breakouts
11:00 12:00 Visitor feedback
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