European Imperial Patterns

American History

What is Imperialism?

• Imperial - from “Empire” – A group of countries under a single authority.

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Europeans in the New World

• In early 1600s European countries entered the Western Hemisphere to expand their rule into new territory.

• Who?

– Spanish – French – English – Dutch – Others… QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture.

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Spanish

• Where? Central and South America.

• When? The first! From 1492 through 1700s.

• Why? Precious metals (gold and silver).

• How? Tools of subjugation: Disease, technology, and lots of confusion – “Requerimiento”

Spanish in North Americca

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• Not interested in terrritory above Mexico – Exception: De Soto, Coronado – Some settlements in New Mexico, Arizona, California, Texas.

• 1565 Permanent outpost at St. Augustine, Florida.

French

• Started permanent settlements in 1600s.

• Wanted gold, but settled for fur.

• Worked with Native Americans as agents.

• Little conflict with Native Americans – Why? Few settlements.

– Most French went to the Caribbean to set up sugar plantations.

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French

• Major explorers: Quick Time™ a nd a TIFF ( Unco mpre ssed ) dec ompr esso r – Champlain QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture.

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• Founded series of forts, Quebec City (1608) – Marquette (Jesuit missionary) and Joliet (map maker) • Explored Great Lakes and upper Mississippi • Quebec, Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois

Dutch

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• Explorer Henry Hudson went looking for “Northwest Passage” – Northwest Passage: fast way to Asia going north – Worked for Dutch East India Company (1609) – Explored river in New York…Hudson River.

Dutch

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• New Netherlands colony established by Dutch West India Company in 1620s.

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• Set up Patroon System: land for people who bring over 50 or more families to New Netherlands

• Trade conflicts arose between Dutch and English.

– English takeover New Netherlands 1660  – New York and New Jersey.

Dutch

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• 1 st

English

attempt at Roanoke, Virginia (1587) failed.

– Why is it called Virginia?

• Got into colonization after squashing Spanish Armada (1588) • In early 1600s, successful.

• Most colonies were

for profit

.

– Joint stock companies with investors.

– Investors wanted to MAKE MONEY!

• Jamestown (1607) • Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630) QuickTime™ and a TIFF (U ncompressed) decompressor are needed to see t his picture.

English

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Maryland is founded as proprietary colony.

• King granted

charters

to colonies: – Proprietary colonies: for profit; individuals get land grants (“Hundreds”); investors own colony.

• Maryland (163) • Pennsylvania (1681) – Royal colonies: crown takes over ownership and control • 8 of original 13 were

royal

.

English

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• Why come to the colonies?

– Religious freedom (Massachusetts) – Make their fortunes (Virginia).

• English – Native Am relationship – Initially, good.

– With more and more settlers, it soured.

– Disease and war and land claims and pigs!

• Profitable: tobacco, indigo