Headquarters U.S. Air Force Integrity - Service - Excellence Air Force Energy Efficiencies and Partnerships Ken Gray for SAF/IEN 15 Feb 2011
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Headquarters U.S. Air Force Integrity - Service - Excellence Air Force Energy Efficiencies and Partnerships Ken Gray for SAF/IEN 15 Feb 2011 1 How much did the Air Force spend on energy in FY2010? Cost and Consumption Trends Facilities 12% Vehicles & Equipment 4% Aviation 84% Million MBTUs 550 11 500 9 450 7 400 5 350 300 Billions of Dollars Cost Breakdown 3 2003 2005 2007 2009 The Air Force spent over $8 billion for energy in FY2010 Integrity - Service - Excellence 2 What is the Air Force doing to meet its energy goals? Reduce Demand: implementing efficiency/conservation tools Aviation fuel consumption reduced 2% since ‘06 (goal 10% by ‘15) Facility energy intensity reduced14.8% since ‘03 (goal 15%) Increase Supply: committed to renewable/alt energy sources Alt Aviation Fuel Initiative: looking at multiple feed stocks to ensure AF can use commercially available alternative fuels Renewable energy for 6.4% of total facility energy (goal 5%) Developing additional on-base renewable facility energy Change the Culture: using initiatives to instill energy awareness Air Force Energy Vision: Make Energy a Consideration in All We Do Integrity - Service - Excellence 3 How does the Air Force govern energy? Energy governance Cross-functional governance and management structures All levels of Air Force command Scope includes all energy use and management Aviation, installation, ground transportation, and support equipment and systems, as well as associated science and technology opportunities Under Secretary and Vice Chief of Staff chair AF Energy Council Began 2005 Revised Nov 2010 to link energy governance with Air Force corporate structure MAJCOM Energy Management Steering Groups, chaired by CC or CV, provide a cross-functional mission structure handling the complex energy issues Integrity - Service - Excellence 4 What are examples of recent AF energy successes? Aviation: Over 99% of Air Force fleet certified for unrestricted operations using a 50/50 synthetic fuel blend Initiated test and certification of AF fleet on 50/50 blend of biomass-derived jet fuel (HRJ) and traditional JP-8 Installations: Continued to address energy mandates and goals Renewable energy accounted for 6.4% of the total energy consumed, exceeding the 5% goal for FY10 43 bases with a total of 85 projects 19 renewable energy projects are planned for FY2011-FY2014 Vehicles: Prior to joint basing in FY10, AF reduced miles traveled by 520,000 and eliminated 1,700 vehicles per year on average Alternative fuel use increased 16% from FY2009 Integrity - Service - Excellence 5 OPERATIONAL ENERGY Integrity - Service - Excellence 6 Air Force Operational Energy Effort Energy can be a strategic vulnerability that impairs operational effectiveness, increases cost and skews force structure Aviation Operations: Enhancing operational energy management through improved logistics planning & decision support systems Expeditionary Energy: Developing renewable energy and energy conservation capabilities for expeditionary applications Energy Security: Addressing physical security of infrastructure and energy supply to ensure continuity of operations Fully Burdened Cost of Energy acquisition methodology being developed to ensure all costs (e.g., fuel, transport) are addressed Decreasing fuel demand by maximizing efficiencies will increase AF combat capability and enhance energy security Integrity - Service - Excellence 7 Energy Efficiency Initiatives Energy efficiency initiatives can provide large-scale savings from initial investment; however, returns-on-investment and break even points are often past the FYDP and require a long-term view Applying efficiency initiatives, new processes and new technologies to operations can lower energy consumption and costs Past Success: C-17 Eco Power Wash—periodic engine wash removes dirt and increases fuel efficiency; saves ~1.4M gals/yr Example of FY12 funded initiatives: KC-135 & KC-10 Mission Index Flying—Investing $8M with an expected savings of $92M Energy savings can be second order effect: Example: Expanded use of simulators to reduce training hours saves fuel and aircraft maintenance Implementing energy efficiency initiatives will have positive impacts on warfighting capabilities and the Air Force budget Integrity - Service - Excellence 8 Alternative Aviation Fuel Alternates provide for future flexibility in fuel sources Air Force has used a many advanced technologies Looking forward to the innovative fuel production solutions that industry will bring to the market Air Force, the largest DoD user of fossil fuels, is positioned to take advantage of diverse fuel supplies Air Force continues pursuing certification of critical alternate fuel/engine interface for reliable and safe weapon system operation Integrity - Service - Excellence 9 AF Synthetic Aviation Fuel History First AF aircraft certified to use synthetic fuel blend: B-52 in August 2007 First transcontinental flight using synthetic fuel blend: C-17 in December 2007 First supersonic flight conducted using a synthetic fuel blend: B-1B in March 2008 First fighter demonstration flight using a synthetic fuel blend: F-15 in August 2008 First aerial refueling using a synthetic blend fuel: F-22 and KC-135 in August 2008 JP-8 Fuel Specification (MIL-DTL-83133) revised to include FT synthetic fuel as a blending component in April 2010 Integrity - Service - Excellence 10 Alternative Aviation Fuel Initiative Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Fuel Blend Over 99% of aircraft fleet and associated support equipment certified for unrestricted operational use Successfully conducted flight demonstrations/test and formal certification pending final report Working F-35 and CV-22 test platforms owned by Navy Biomass-Derived Hydro-processed Renewable Jet (HRJ) blend Certified C-17 for unrestricted operations using the HRJ blend on 4 Feb 2011 - first USAF platform certified on HRJ Certification activities are on-track for early 2013 completion Will be positioned to integrate cost competitive, environmentally friendly, domestically produced alternative fuel blends by 2016 Integrity - Service - Excellence 11 Biomass-derived Aviation Fuel Blends Flew A-10 Thunderbolt II on HRJ fuel blend on 22-25 Mar 2010 at Eglin AFB, FL First-ever flight of an aircraft powered solely on a biomassderived jet fuel blend Flew C-17 Globemaster on blends of JP-8, Fischer-Tropsch synthetic fuel, and HRJ fuel in Aug 2010 at Edwards AFB, CA Test demonstrated the Air Force can treat both HRJ and FT blends as JP-8 drop-ins, as well as co-mingle alternative fuels Conducted dedicated testing of F101 (F-16) and F100 (F-16 & F15) powerplants in Jun-Jul 10 Conducted F-15 Operational Assessment (flight) Oct 2010 at Eglin AFB, FL Certified C-17 on 4 Feb 2011 for unrestricted operations using HRJ 50/50 blend - first Air Force platform certified on HRJ Integrity - Service - Excellence 12 What is the way forward for the alternative aviation fuel initiative? Air Force looking to DoE and Industry to develop production capability for alternative fuels Air Force views ongoing multi-billion dollar DOE, USDA, and industry investments (domestic and international) as a reasonable and credible development effort to provide future fuel availability Integrity - Service - Excellence 13 Other Recent Aviation Efforts AF pursued initiatives that did and did not require investment. C-17 Eco Power Wash - periodic engine wash with atomized water removes dirt and increases fuel efficiency C-17 Mach Reduction – cruise at optimum airspeed Removed non-essential weight from mobility aircraft KC-135 Ballast Fuel – reduce unusable and unnecessary fuel carried Optimized operations planning and execution of mobility aircraft Discontinued ‘standard ramp fuel’ practice C-5/C-17 Center of Gravity optimization Optimized European flight routing and clearances Opportunities being developed: Mission Index Flying – optimize airlift fuel planning and execution Engine upgrades (C-130/KC-135); Business case development Integrity - Service - Excellence 14 Near Term Aviation Efforts FY12 $128M investment garners over $500M savings in efficiencies Examples include: Airline Industry Flight Management Optimization Tools New Flight Planning System Expanded Use of Simulators to Conduct Training Engine Cleaning Policy There are 65+ additional initiatives in review across the Mobility Air Forces aimed at achieving even greater efficiencies Decreasing fuel demand by maximizing efficiencies will increase Air Force combat capability and enhance energy security Integrity - Service - Excellence 15 Aviation RDT&E Efforts Engines designs Adaptive Versatile Engine Technology (ADVENT) Technologies that adjust fan & core airflow and pressure for optimized performance & fuel efficiency Highly Efficient Embedded Turbine Engine (HEETE) 35% improvement in fuel efficiency, other performance parameters improved as well Airframes Reduced Drag for Supersonic and Subsonic Flight Advanced Composite Cargo Aircraft Integrity - Service - Excellence 16 GROUND VEHICLES Integrity - Service - Excellence 17 What is the Air Force doing to improve vehicle fuel use? Reduced petro consumption in vehicles by 7% since ‘05 (goal 30% by ‘20) Increased alternative fuel use by 38% since ‘05 (goal is 10% compounded annually through ‘15) 27 Ethanol (E85) Stations on base (836,000 GGE E85 consumed in FY10) 60 Biodiesel (B20) Stations (3.5 M GGE B20 consumed in FY10) Developing process to certify new alternative ground fuels Acquired more than 475 hybrid electric vehicles in fleet in FY10 (11 In FY09) Evaluating capabilities and logistics for all-electric plug in vehicles Learning from Army’s initiative to procure all-electric low speed vehicles GSA has 2 Chevy Volts reserved for the Air Force with Sep 2011 delivery Funded in FY12 to install RFID devices on vehicles to monitor and reduce idle time The Air Force will meet its vehicle energy goals with a diverse acquisition strategy and process improvements Integrity - Service - Excellence 18 FACILITY ENERGY Integrity - Service - Excellence 19 Installation Energy Goals Renewable energy 6.4% of total electric consumption (goal 5% in FY10) Overall Goal: Increase Renewable Energy 3% by FY07; 5% by FY10 and 7.5% by FY13 (EPAct 05) Energy intensity Reduced 14.8% (goal 15% in FY10) Overall Goal: Reducing energy use 3% per year through FY15 from 2003 baseline (EISA 2007); 1.5% a year through FY25 to reach 25% (EO 13514) Electric Meters: Installed 87.1% (goal 100% by 2012) Building designs that are 30% more energy efficient than relevant code: 100% (458/458 since 2007) Integrity - Service - Excellence 20 Will the Air Force meet its installation energy goals? Energy Intensity: current AF budget for facility energy and water projects will make it challenging to meet energy and water intensity reduction goals , reactivate third party funding Most investments require 2yrs from contract award to realize measureable energy savings due to contract and construction lag time Aggressive program in place to reduce overall square footage of facilities to reduce maintenance costs; however, reducing square footage penalizes the intensity metric Renewable Energy: high levels of investment necessary coupled with limited cost-effectiveness of RE when compared to commercial utility rates will make goals difficult to reach To meet solely by AF-funded capital would be in excess of $7B dollars based on cost per MWh of recently-installed projects Integrity - Service - Excellence 21 What are some examples of Air Force energy conservation efforts? Examples of Energy Conservation Investment Programs (ECIPs): Minot AFB, ND: Reduced energy consumption by 22% by decentralizing heat plant. Combined with other energy saving efforts and renewable energy projects, saved $2.6M in energy Dyess AFB, TX: Expected to save over 26,000 mMBTU annually by using insulated roofs and upgrading existing systems to be more efficient Other successes: Vandenberg AFB, CA: reduced energy consumption 19.2% Will Rogers World Airport, OK: reduced energy consumption 15.7% Osan Air Base, JP: reduced energy consumption 7.61% Integrity - Service - Excellence 22 How does the Air Force approach renewable energy projects? First Priority: Develop on-site renewable resources Direct AF investment thru Energy Conservation Investment Program (MilCon set aside) Renewable Energy Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) Utility/Third Party Funded Second Priority: Procure power from off-site renewable resources delivered over the power grid Third Priority: Purchase Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) Why not develop more on-site renewable energy? Would need to build out almost 80 Nellis sized projects to meet goal (14MW solar array at $100M) Total cost for enough on-site projects nearly $8 billion Integrity - Service - Excellence 23 What are the Top-10 on-base operational RE sites? Tech Status Generation KWH NELLIS AFB, NV Solar Photovoltaic Fully Operational 33,933 HILL AFB, UT Landfill Gas Fully Operational 15,113 F E WARREN AFB, WY Wind Fully Operational 8,725 ASCENSION Wind Fully Operational 7,095 TOLEDO ANG, OH Solar Photovoltaic Fully Operational 1,006 YOSEMITE AG, CA Solar Photovoltaic Fully Operational 942 CAPE COD AFS, MA Wind Fully Operational 821 JB MCGUIRE/DIX/LAKH Solar Photovoltaic Fully Operational 760 MARCH AFB, CA Solar Photovoltaic Fully Operational 732 LUKE AFB, AZ Solar Photovoltaic Fully Operational 596 Integrity - Service - Excellence 24 What are the current in–progress renewable energy projects? Initiative Source Cap KW AF Academy, CO PV 6,003 Camp Perry ANG, OH PV 150 Los Angeles AFB, CA PV roof 225 AF Academy, CO PV 550 Moron AFB, Spain PV 1,100 Edwards AFB, CA PV 3,500 Davis Monthan, AZ PV 14,500 Integrity - Service - Excellence 25 What are the future renewable energy projects? Energy Source # of Projects Cap KW Photovoltaic (PV) 10 45,160 Wind Energy 10 70,800 Waste to Energy 2 8,400 Landfill Gas 1 4,000 Biomass 1 25,000 PV Roof 2 1,263 Integrity - Service - Excellence 26 Energy Security Initiatives Sandia Labs Energy Surety Microgrid (ESM) assessing “smart grid” capability at 4 bases (Maxwell, Kirtland, Schriever, and Vandenberg) Analyzing utilities privatization impact on installation energy security Assessing backup power requirements for mission critical functions Participating in Smart Power Infrastructure Demonstration for Energy Reliability and Security (SPIDERS) Joint Capability Technology Demonstration (JCTD) Improving emergency generator maint and testing policy Emphasis on energy security efforts in all Air Force Unit Compliance Inspections and interactive exercises with utilities Integrity - Service - Excellence 27 Integrity - Service - Excellence 28