Transcript Hydrologic Modeling David R. Maidment, Oscar Robayo, Venkatesh Merwade, Carlos Patino, Nate Johnson, Sergio Martinez, Tim Whiteaker, Dan Obenour Center for Research in Water Resources University.

Hydrologic Modeling
David R. Maidment, Oscar Robayo,
Venkatesh Merwade, Carlos Patino, Nate
Johnson, Sergio Martinez, Tim Whiteaker,
Dan Obenour
Center for Research in Water Resources
University of Texas at Austin
Hydrologic Information Systems
Modeling
Geodatabase
A hydrologic information system is a combination of
geospatial and temporal hydrologic data with
hydrologic models that supports hydrologic practice,
science and education
GIS Preprocessors for Hydrologic Models
GIS
Interface
Programs
Geo
HMS
HMS
Database
Geo
RAS
RAS
Connecting Arc Hydro and Hydrologic Models
Interface
data models
GIS
HMS
IDM
Geo
Database
HMS
Arc Hydro
data model
RAS
IDM
RAS
Connecting Arc Hydro and Hydrologic Models
Interface
data models
GIS
GeoHMS
Geo
Database
HMS
IDM
HMS
Arc Hydro
data model
GeoRAS
RAS
IDM
RAS
Development of a Geographic Framework
for an Integrated Flood Modeling System
By
David Maidment
Oscar Robayo
Tim Whiteaker
Dan Obenour
University of Texas at Austin
Center for Research in Water Resources
Department of Civil Engineering
August, 2004
Regional Storm Water
Modeling Program and Master
Plan for San Antonio
City of
San Antonio
San Antonio Regional Watershed Modeling System
“Bring the models
together”
Rainfall Data:
Rain gages
Nexrad
Floodplain
Management
Geospatial Data:
City, County
SARA, other
Modeling
System
Calibration Data:
Flows
Water Quality
Capital
Water quality
Improvement
planning
Planning
Integrated
Flood
Regional Water
Forecasting
Resources planning
Objectives
• Develop a geographically integrated flood
modeling system using ArcGIS and the HEC
models using Salado Creek in San Antonio as a
case study
• Drive this system with digital rain maps to
generate flood maps
• Store and generate HEC flood models from an
ArcGIS geodatabase
• Develop a scenario management system to
generate and evaluate alternative plans
Objectives
• Develop a geographically integrated flood
modeling system using ArcGIS and the HEC
models using Salado Creek in San Antonio as a
case study
• Drive this system with digital rain maps to
generate flood maps
• Store and generate HEC flood models from an
ArcGIS geodatabase
• Develop a scenario management system to
generate and evaluate alternative plans
NEXRAD WSR-88D Radars in Central Texas
(Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler)
scanning range = 230 km
EWX – NEXRAD Radar
in New Braunfels
Source: PBS&J, 2003
Digital Rain Maps from National Weather Service
(03/04/2004)
Digital Rain Maps from National Weather Service
(03/29/2004)
FEMA 100-year flood plain map in
Bexar County
Reading Historical Archives of NEXRAD
Datasets from Internet
FTP Server
Internet
Local
Real-Time NEXRAD Datasets from Web Services
Design Rainfall Maps
100yr 06h
100yr 12h
100yr 24h
Regional Watershed Modeling System Case Study
Salado Creek
watershed
Components:
• Arc Hydro Geodatabase
for whole watershed
• HEC-HMS hydrology model
for whole watershed
• HEC-RAS hydraulic model
for Rosillo Creek
RC1 RU
01R CO
02R CO
03R CO
04R CO
05R CO
06R CO07R CO
Bexar County
08R CO
09R CO
Rosillo Creek
watershed
Arc Hydro and HEC-HMS
HEC-HMS
Hydrologic
Model
Arc Hydro
Schematic
Network
Calculates
Flows
Arc Hydro and HEC-RAS
Arc Hydro
Channel
Cross Sections
HEC-RAS
Hydraulic
Model
Calculates
Water Surface
Elevations
HEC Data Storage System (DSS)
(binary data file system shared by HEC models)
• An exact
replica of the
binary DSS
files is stored in
the ArcGIS
geodatabase
• An Arc 9
Toolbox
exchanges data
between DSS
and the
geodatabase
Time series
catalog
Many time series
Flow Change Points
Models communicate with
one another through Arc Hydro
at designated points
Information Flow
Rainfall
1
HEC-RAS
HEC-HMS
3
2
4
Nexrad Map to Flood Map in
Arc 9 Model Builder
FLO
Flood map
as output
ODP
LAIN
MAP
Model for
flood flow
HMS
Nexrad rainfall map as input
Model
for flood
depth
Map to Map Demo
Objectives
• Develop a geographically integrated flood
modeling system using ArcGIS and the HEC
models using Salado Creek in San Antonio as a
case study
• Drive this system with digital rain maps to
generate flood maps
• Store and generate HEC flood models from an
ArcGIS geodatabase
• Develop a scenario management system to
generate and evaluate alternative plans
Connecting Arc Hydro and Hydrologic Models
Interface
data models
GIS
HMS
Geo
Database
Arc Hydro
data model
RAS
WRAP
HEC Interface Data Models
HMS files
RAS files
HMS IDM
RAS IDM
ArcCatalog Views
IDM Arc Hydro Compliance
• Arc Hydro connectivity and naming
conventions
Arc Hydro
Geodatabase
IDM
Geodatabase
HydroID
FeatureID
HMSCode
HEC
Program files
Element Names
Constant Loss Rate (inches/hour)
Llano at Junction
Model
Rainfall
lost to
infiltration
Snyder Time to Peak (hours)
Llano at Junction
Model
Time to
Peak
Modified Puls Storage (ac-ft)
Llano at Junction
Model
Storage required
to produce 5000
cfs flow
XML-Based Data Exchange
•Platform Independent
•Application Independent
•Ready to share with many third party applications
•Updates do not require code recompilation
Objectives
• Develop a geographically integrated flood
modeling system using ArcGIS and the HEC
models using Salado Creek in San Antonio as a
case study
• Drive this system with digital rain maps to
generate flood maps
• Store and generate HEC flood models from an
ArcGIS geodatabase
• Develop a scenario management system to
generate and evaluate alternative plans
Preliminary Interface Data Model
for
HSPF
Nate Johnson & David Maidment
ESRI User’s Conference
San Diego, CA
August 8, 2004
• Preliminary Geodatabase for HSPF IDM:
(demo)
Intermediate
To BASINS
Arc Hydro
Interface Data Model for HSPF
GenScn: Generalized Scenario Management
• GenScn is a open source, public domain
program distributed with the USEPA’s BASINS
software
• Primarily designed for postprocessing
timeseries data from HSPF models
• Links Geospatial
data (shapefiles) to
Timeseries data and
allows users to
interact with the
data
Organizing and selecting timeseries that describe
geospatial data
– Timeseries are organized around 3 key
attributes:
• Location (can be linked to geospatial data)
• Scenario (can be used for scenario management)
• Constituent (what the timeseries describes)
(demo)
Animating Timeseries linked to geospatial
data
• Arc Hydro and GenScn
– CRWR has worked on reading Arc Hydro
timeseries into GenScn’s representation to
make it available to GenScn’s tools
– When completed, will also facilitate the
transfer of timeseries from Arc Hydro format to
.wdm, and vice versa
– .wdm is the time series format used by EPA
Basins systems
Instream Flow Studies
Criterion
Hydrodynamic
Model
Depth &
velocity
Habitat
Species
groups
Model
SMS/RMA2
ArcGIS
Instream Flow
Decision Making
Habitat
Descriptions
Biological Data
Collection
Habitat Modeling
Velocity + Depth + Habitat
Description
Mesohabitat Output
Graph of Mesohabitat
15000
11237
10000
5000
Legend
VALUE
0
6929
5881
4327
2630
86 127
40
122
Count
Habitat Type (by color)
Dry
Backwater
Shallow Margin
Shallow Margin w/ Structure
Riffle
Deep Margin
Deep Margin w/ Structure
Mid-Channel
Mid-Channel w/ Structure
Mesohabitat output for 41.22 m3/s.
Priority Segments in Texas for
Instream Flow Studies
•
Priority segments are
100s of miles long
•
Representative
reaches (study areas)
are only a few (<5)
miles long
Bathymetry of the Brazos River
Data representation
Points
Profile lines and
cross-sections
3D CrossSections and
ProfileLines
River Channel Morphology Model
1
1.
2.
3.
4.
2
3
4
Get the shape (blue line or DOQ)
Using the shape, locate the thalweg
Using thalweg location, create cross-sections
Network of cross-sections and profile lines
Normalizing the data
nL
nR
0
-
+
Z
P(ni, zi)
d
Zd
w = nL + nR
For nL = -15, nR = 35, d = 5, Z=10
P (10, 7.5) becomes Pnew(0.5, 0.5)
For any point P(ni,zi), the
normalized coordinates
are:
n* = (ni – nL)/w
z* = (Z – zi)/d
Cross-sections as beta pdfs
beta c/s = (beta1 + beta2) * k
0.25
0.75
1.00
Beta c/s
Beta1
0.00
beta c/s
beta c/s
0.00
x
0.50
0.25
x
0.50
0.75
1.00
Beta c/s
Beta1
Beta2
Beta2
a1=5, b1=2, a2=3, b2=3, factor = 0.5
a1=2, b1=2, a2=3, b2=7, factor = 0.6
Create beta cross-sections for different thalweg
locations
Hydraulic Geometry Relationships
100
w = 95.654Q0.1206
R2 = 0.8164
100
100
1000
Average Depth, d (feet)
Average Width, w (feet)
1000
a = 95.654
b = 0.1206
10000
100000
Flow, Q(cfs)
Hydraulic geometry relationships
for Brazos River at Richmond.
Hydraulic geometry relate flow
with channel width, depth, and
velocity.
Channel measurements can be
downloaded from USGS
website.
(http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/sw)
d = 1.4895Q 0.2537
R2 = 0.8672
c = 1.4895
f = 0.2537
10
1
100
1000
10000
Flow, Q (cfs)
100000
Brazos River in Texas
River Channel Demo
•
•
•
Show the Brazos basin and priority instream
flow segments in the basin
Select a reach (@10 miles) along the Lower
Brazos river
For the selected reach, use the RCMM
toolbar to
1. Generate thalweg using the channel boundary
2. Generate cross-sections using the thalweg
3. Generate profile-lines using the cross-sections
•
Show the 3D river channel form generated
by RCMM in ArcScene
Water Management Information System
for the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo Basin
Carlos Patino
Daene McKinney
David Maidment
August, 2004
Collaboration between USAMexico
• Cooperation of
– CRWR (Center for Research in Water Resources) of
the University of Texas at Austin,
– CNA (Mexican National Water Commission), and
– IMTA (Mexican Institute of Water Technology)
• Has resulted in the development of an Arc Hydro
geodatabase for the Rio Grande/Bravo basin
• A one-stop shop for geospatial and temporal
water resources information for the basin
• Training materials in english and spanish on GIS
Hydro 2004
Mexico: 7 Hydrologic
subregions
(228,000 km2)
USA: 9 Hydrologic
Subregions
(327,000 km2, closed
basins included)
Total Area: 555,000
km2
Digital Elevation Model for Each
Subregion
RIO GRANDE DEMO
•Showing the hydrological subregions
•Network Tracing analyst Showing the relationships
among HydroJunction, monitoring points,
Watersheds, and HydroEdges (Use HydroJunction
2020100022)
•Showing the time series related to La Boquilla dam.