Transcript THE NEURAL TISSUE MARTINI, ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY, 9TH EDITION, CHAPTER # 12 LAB MANUAL, Exercise # 18 Page # 225

THE NEURAL TISSUE
MARTINI, ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY,
9TH EDITION, CHAPTER # 12
LAB MANUAL, Exercise # 18
Page # 225
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NOTE:
• THIS IS A STUDY GUIDE, NOT AN ALL
INCLUSIVE REVIEW.
• THERE MIGHT BE THINGS NOT COVERED
BY THIS STUDY GUIDE THAT MIGHT BE
ASKED IN YOUR PRACTICUMS /
QUIZZES.
• STUDENTS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR
READING THEIR TEXBOOK (S) AND FOR
ALL THE MATERIAL COVERED DURING
THE LABORATORY PERIOD, AS PER THE
COURSE SYLLABUS
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Competency 6: The Nervous System
• Upon successful completion of this
laboratory, the students will be able to
demonstrate an understanding of the
structural and functional features of the
nervous system including the special sense
organs by:
– Identifying the parts of a neuron.
– Explaining the structural and functional
classification of the neurons.
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Competency 6: The Nervous System
– Describing the structure and functions
of the supporting cells of the nervous
system.
•
– Distinguishing between neuron, nerve
and track.
•
– Explaining the structure and functions
of the central nervous system and the
cranial nerves.
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NEURAL TISSUE
NEURON STRUCTURE
CLASSIFICATION OF NEURONS BY
STRUCTURE
CLASSIFICATION OF NEURONS BY
FUNCTION
SCHWANN CELLS
GREY MATTER
WHITE MATTER
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NEURON STRUCTURE
• CELL BODY (SOMA)
• NEUROFIBRILS (Black or brown lines in model)
•
F- intracellular transport
• NISSIL BODIES- Blue in one model & blue with red
dots in another model
•
F- protein synthesis
• DENDRITES- They are short citoplasmatic
•
projections from cell bodies
•
F- to receive the nerve impulse or signal
• AXON- It is a citoplasmatic projection from the
•
cell body
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F-to carry away the nerve impulse or signal
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•
AXON HILLOCK- The place where the
•
•
•
the neurofibrils converge
F- trigger zone for nerve impulse
AXON TERMINALS- End part of the neuron
•
•
that connects with another neuron
F- to release the neurotransmiter
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Dendrites
Perikaryon
Dendrite
Dendritic spines
Cell body
Nucleus
Nissl bodies (RER
and free ribosomes)
Axon
Mitochondrion
Telodendria
(a) Regions of a neuron
Axon hillock
Initial segment
of axon
Axolemma
Axon
Telodendria
Golgi apparatus
Neurofilament
Synaptic
terminals
See Figure 12-2
Nucleolus
Nucleus
PRESYNAPTIC CELL
(b) Structural components of a neuron
POSTSYNAPTIC CE
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NEURONS BY STRUCTURE
•
•
•
•
ANAXONIC
BIPOLAR
UNIPOLAR
MULTIPOLAR
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Figure 12-3: A Structural Classification of Neurons
Anaxonic
neuron
Bipolar neuron
Unipolar neuron
Dendrites
Multipolar neuron
Dendrites
Initial
segment
Dendrites
Axon
Axon
Synaptic
terminals
Axon
Axon
Synaptic
terminals
Synaptic
terminals
• SCHWANN CELLS- They surround the axon
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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f- to produce the myelin sheath
MYELIN SHEATH- Layers of cell membrane that
surround the axon (yellow in the models
f- to isolate the axon
Neurilemma- outermost layer with nucleus
of the Schwann cell
NODES OF Ranvier- area between two Schwann cells
f- to produce saltatory conduction
(jumping conduction), to increase the
speed of nerve impulse
transmission
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NEURONS BY FUNCTIONS
• SENSORY (
•
Afferent)- it carries iformation
towards the cns (central nervous system)
• MOTOR ( EFFERENT)- It carries information
•
away from cns
• ASSOCIATION NEURONES OR INTERNEURONS•
They carry impulses between
•
sensory & motor neurons located at cns
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Anatomy of a Spinal Nerve
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• GREY MATTER- Non myelinated parts of the
•
•
Neurons & glia (cell bodies)
It forms nuclei in the cns
• WHITE MATTER- Myelinated fibers
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•
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It forms tracs in the cns
It forms nerves in pns (peripheral
nerve system)
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GRAY MATTER & WHITE MATTER
(CNS)
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WHITE MATTER (CNS)
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WHITE MATTER
REMEMBER!
GO TO THE TUTORING ROOM
AND PRACTICE WITH MODELS.
ROOM 3326.
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