Transcript • Entamoeba histolytica was first discovered in Russia by Friedrich Losch in 1873.

• Entamoeba histolytica was first discovered in Russia by
Friedrich Losch in 1873. He found it in the stool of a
farmer with chronic dysentery, and noticed a number of
amoeba in it and concluded it was the cause of the
dysentery.
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The earliest recorded symptoms of the parasite are found in Sanskrit
documents known as Brigu-samhita, which was written around 1000BC. Texts
that mention this disease are also Assyrian and Babylonian. Which indicates
that the parasite was in the Tigris-Euphrates river in the 6th century B.C.
The first accurate description of the disease was written in the 1800’s by James
Annersley in the book, “Researches into the Causes, Nature and Treatment of
the More Prevalent Diseases of India and of Warm Climates Generally”
The disease was recorded in Greece, Asia Persia and the European nations.
Back in my Day!!
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Known for a long time was the fact that people that shed the cysts recovered.
Put forth in 1925 by Emile Brumpt that there are two types of the parasite one
that is invasive and one that is not, but it was not widely accepted.
In 1969 WHO classified amoebiasis as “infection with Entamoeba histolytica,
with or without clinical manifestations”, meaning that all strains could be
pathogenic.
In 1993 with the aid of biological and genetic data the invasive disease was to
be known as E. histolytica and the non-invasive species named E. dispar.
In 1925 a man named Dobell Described the organisms life cycle.
Nowadays
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In industrialized nations infection is rare but can be found in recent
immigrants from endemic regions, homosexual males, immunosuppressed
persons, and institutionalized individuals.
In the U.S. approximately 4% of the population is infected with the parasite.
In 1993 a total of 2970 cases were reported to the CDC 33% were Hispanic
and 17% were from Asia.
Prevalence
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Mainly in Developing Nations but can be found in the U.S., especially with the illegal
immigration from poorer countries into the U.S. who bring the parasite in without
knowing it.
Entamoeba Species affect nearly 10% of the world population, and is the second
protozoal killer next to malaria.
Infection can be as high as 50% in areas such as Central and South America, Africa,
and Asia resulting in almost 110,000 deaths annually.
Usually dew to poor sanitation and the use of night fertilizer.
It is seven to twelve time more common in men, but in children the rate is the same.
Younger Children though are more at risk for the invasive disease which results in
higher death rates.
Spread
• Back in European Imperialism spread
along with trade routes, because Europe
was not the cleanest place.
• With illegal immigration, and immigration
in general.
• Use of bad fertilizer to grow more food to
feed growing nations.
Solutions
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90-99% are asymptomatic- which means that usually the disease cures itself and no
medication is taken.
Better waste management is important in containing the disease, and usually proper
fertilizer instead of feces would help out as well. More Education
Tests that test for certain antibodies are highly accurate but are rare in developing
countries were the problem is epidemic, usually the way to tell in these parts of the
world is through the feces.
Ultrasounds can also be given to find the abscesses.
Sometime surgery is done if the symptoms are sever.
Iodoquinol- good for the cyst forms, can interfere with thyroid function.
Paromomycin- if given in large doses can posses the same symptoms as the
parasite.
Diloxanide- not used in the U.S. adverse side affects.
References
• http://www.emedicine.com/MED/topic116.h
tm
• http://www.stanford.edu/class/humbio103/
ParaSites2006/Amoebiasis/Agents&Histor
y.html