Transcript Tips for the presentation of data Presentation by: Astrid Marschatz UNDOCO, DevInfo Project Manager DevInfo v6.0 training workshop Geneva, 7-11 December 2009

Tips for the presentation
of data
Presentation by: Astrid Marschatz
UNDOCO, DevInfo Project Manager
DevInfo v6.0 training workshop
Geneva, 7-11 December 2009
Why do we want to present data?
Why do we want to present data?
•
To portray and describe facts
•
To communicate information
•
To advocate for issues and persuade audiences
•
To engage readers/viewers
 It is essential for presentations of data to be
– clear
– informative
– self-explanatory
– pleasant in appearance
What does the optimal presentation
of data depend on?
The optimal presentation of data depends partially on ….
•
The type of data (e.g. text or numeric, categorical or binary)
•
The amount of data and the space available
•
The type of media (printed, PowerPoint, etc.)
•
The audience
•
The message to be conveyed
What are some benefits of tables?
Benefits of tables
BULGARIA
Select social indicators
•
•
Display information
in a clear and
orderly manner
Good for large
amounts of
information and
detailed data
Year
Rate of children (017 yrs) affected by
parental divorce
Per 1,000 population
Rate of children (0-3
yrs) in infant homes
Rate of children (0-17
yrs) in residential care
Per 100,000 population
1989
6.3
894.7
1990
5.9
880.1
1281.4
1991
5.7
887.9
1307.9
1992
5.0
962.1
1349.7
1993
3.9
1037.9
1400.3
1994
3.6
1115.7
1417.5
1995
5.0
1121.1
1441.9
1996
4.7
1236.2
1520.8
1997
4.6
1307.7
1409.8
1998
5.3
1334.9
1401.6
1999
5.0
1280.8
1451.0
2000
5.3
1207.0
1428.4
2001
5.4
1237.5
1467.3
2002
5.6
1176.5
831.3
2003
6.9
1096.4
774.5
Source: TransMONEE 2005
What are some benefits of graphs?
Benefits graphs
•
Graphs can display information in a clear, effective and visually
appealing manner
•
Graphs help to show
–
relative distributions
–
disparities between groups
–
relations between indicators (correlation)
–
trends over time
Graphs help to show relative distributions
TAJIKISTAN
Division of resident population
Per 1000 persons
ARGENTINA
Population by marital status, 2001
Number
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
5%
8%
47%
40%
Direct Dushanbe GBAO
Rule
City
Districts
Divorced/Separated
Source: InfoUNICEF Argentina.
Widow(er)
Single
Married
Below employable age
Khatlon
Employable age
Sughd
Above employable age
Source: Tajik GenderInfo
Graphs help to show disparities between groups
KYRGYZSTAN
Proportion of population whose homes are
connected to water supply system
Percent
CROATIA
Life expectancy at birth
Years
80
70
87.0
2002
60
28.0
Year
Percent
50
40
30
93.4
20
1992
10
42.4
0
1990
Rural
2004
Percent
Year
Source: CEE CIS Regional MDG.
Urban
Female
Male
Source: CEE CIS Regional MDG.
Graphs help to show relations between indicators
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Carbon dioxide emissions (Thousand metric tons) and
Consumption of all ozone-depleting substances (ODP
metric tons)
1990 - 2006
2,500,000
140,000
Gender pay gap (percent) and Share of Women in
wage employment in the non-agricultural sector
(percent)
2000
60
Thousand metric tons
50
40
30
20
100,000
1,500,000
80,000
1,000,000
60,000
40,000
500,000
2006
2004
2002
Ukraine Kazakhstan Georgia
2000
Bulgaria
1998
Belarus
1996
0
1994
0
20,000
1992
10
1990
Percent
120,000
2,000,000
Gender pay gap
Carbon dioxide emissions
Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector
Consumption of all ozone-depleting substances
Source: MDGInfo 2009.
ODP metric tons
SELECTED COUNTRIES OF ASIA AND EUROPE
0
Source: MDG Info 2009.
Graphs help to show trends over time
SELECT ASIAN COUNTRIES
Telephone lines
Per 100 population
2500
22
ALBANIA
Marine and terrestrial areas protected, 1990 - 2008
Sq km
20
18
2000
14
1500
Sq km
Per 100 population
16
12
10
1000
8
6
500
4
2
0
0
Kazakhstan
Source: MDGInfo 2009.
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Marine areas protected
Terrestrial areas protected
Source: MDGInfo 2009.
What are some benefits of maps?
Benefits maps
•
Maps can display
information in a
clear, effective and
visually appealing
manner
•
Maps help
demonstrate how
data vary
geographically
ARGENTINA
Population size, 2001
Source: InfoUNICEF Argentina.
Tips for presenting data in tables
Tips for preparing clean, comprehensible data tables
•
Table titles should be concise and descriptive, presenting the
reader/viewer with a clear idea of
–
the table’s content
–
the population included
–
the reference period
E.g. “Share of adults aged 15 years and older living with HIV, who are women,
1990, 2002, 2006 (Percentage)”
•
Columns and rows should have a heading/stub identifying the data
presented
Tips for preparing clean, comprehensible data tables
•
The unit of measure should be mentioned either in the title of the
table or in the column/row headings/stubs
•
For clarity, row/column arrangement should follow a standard
(natural or logical) order, e.g. alphabetical, geographical, by
magnitude
•
The use of decimal points within tables must be consistent
•
Numeric values should be right-justified
•
The source of data must always be specified
Administrative staff in education, 2006-2007
Area Name
Administrative staff in preschool institutions
Administrative staff in primary-lower
secondary education
Female
Male
Total
Female
Male
Total
Deçan/Decani
0
0
0
2
25
27
Dragash/Dragaš
0
0
0
0
20
20
Ferizaj/Uroševac
2
1
3
6
46
52
Fushë Kosovë/Kosovo Polje
3
0
3
8
7
15
Gjakovë/Ðakovica
3
1
4
9
47
56
Gjilan/Gnjilane
3
0
3
4
32
36
Gllogovc/Glogovac
0
4
4
5
46
51
Istog/Istok
3
0
3
6
13
19
Kaçanik/Kacanik
1
0
1
0
18
18
Kamenicë/Kamenica
2
0
2
3
19
22
Klinë/Klina
1
1
2
1
25
26
Leposaviq/Leposavic
0
0
0
0
1
1
Lipjan/Lipljan
0
2
2
3
26
29
Malishevë/Mališevo
0
0
0
0
30
30
Mitrovicë/Mitrovica
1
3
4
12
37
49
Novobërdë/Novo Brdo
0
0
0
1
3
4
Obiliq/ Obilic
2
0
2
4
6
10
Pejë/Pec
3
0
3
11
42
53
Podujevë/Podujevo
2
0
2
14
43
57
Prishtinë/Priština
17
5
22
35
59
94
Prizren
1
1
2
19
67
86
Rahovec/Orahovac
1
0
1
0
34
34
Shtërpcë/Štrpce
0
0
0
1
3
4
Shtime/Štimlje
0
0
0
0
10
10
Skenderaj/Srbica
1
1
2
2
30
32
Suharekë/Suva Reka
1
1
2
2
39
41
Viti/Vitina
1
2
3
2
29
31
Vushtrri/Vucitrn
3
0
3
5
36
41
Zubin Potok
0
0
0
1
1
2
Zveçan/Zvecan
0
0
0
0
1
1
KOSOVO
Administrative staff in education, 2006-2007
Number
District
Administrative staff in preschool institutions
Female
Male
Total
Administrative staff in primary-lower
secondary education
Female
Male
Total
Deçan/Decani
0
0
0
2
25
27
Dragash/Dragaš
0
0
0
0
20
20
Ferizaj/Uroševac
2
1
3
6
46
52
Fushë Kosovë/Kosovo Polje
3
0
3
8
7
15
Gjakovë/Ðakovica
3
1
4
9
47
56
Gjilan/Gnjilane
3
0
3
4
32
36
Gllogovc/Glogovac
0
4
4
5
46
51
Istog/Istok
3
0
3
6
13
19
Kaçanik/Kacanik
1
0
1
0
18
18
Kamenicë/Kamenica
2
0
2
3
19
22
Klinë/Klina
1
1
2
1
25
26
Leposaviq/Leposavic
0
0
0
0
1
1
Lipjan/Lipljan
0
2
2
3
26
29
Malishevë/Mališevo
0
0
0
0
30
30
Mitrovicë/Mitrovica
1
3
4
12
37
49
Novobërdë/Novo Brdo
0
0
0
1
3
4
Obiliq/ Obilic
2
0
2
4
6
10
Pejë/Pec
3
0
3
11
42
53
Podujevë/Podujevo
2
0
2
14
43
57
17
5
22
35
59
94
Prizren
1
1
2
19
67
86
Rahovec/Orahovac
1
0
1
0
34
34
Shtërpcë/Štrpce
0
0
0
1
3
4
Shtime/Štimlje
0
0
0
0
10
10
Skenderaj/Srbica
1
1
2
2
30
32
Suharekë/Suva Reka
1
1
2
2
39
41
Viti/Vitina
1
2
3
2
29
31
Vushtrri/Vucitrn
3
0
3
5
36
41
Zubin Potok
0
0
0
1
1
2
Zveçan/Zvecan
0
0
0
0
1
1
Prishtinë/Priština
Source: KosovoEducation.
Colored cells for easy
interpretation of data
ARMENIA
Poverty and extreme poverty levels, 2005
Percent
Region
Poverty level
Extreme poverty level
Aragatsotn
32.3
3.1
Ararat
30.9
Armavir
ARMENIA
Poverty and extreme poverty levels, 2005
Percent
Poverty level
Extreme poverty level
Aragatsotn
32.3
3.1
7.4
Ararat
30.9
7.4
31.6
3.8
Armavir
31.6
3.8
Gegharkunik
36.8
2.9
Gegharkunik
36.8
2.9
Kotaik
34.5
8.7
Kotaik
34.5
8.7
Lori
28.8
5.8
Lori
28.8
5.8
Shirak
42.5
4.3
Shirak
42.5
4.3
Syunik
28.9
2.3
Syunik
28.9
2.3
Tavush
25.8
3.8
Tavush
25.8
3.8
Vayots Dzor
19.2
1.8
Vayots Dzor
19.2
1.8
Yerevan
23.9
3.6
Yerevan
23.9
3.6
Source: DevInfo Armenia PRSP-MDG.
Region
Source: DevInfo Armenia PRSP-MDG.
Poverty level
Extreme poverty level
Low (<25%)
Low (<3%)
Medium (25-35%)
Medium (3-6%)
High (>35%)
High(>6%)
No special row
arrangement
Rows arranged
alphabetically
Rows arranged
by data value
SELECT EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
SELECT EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
SELECT EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Adult HIV/AIDS prevalence rate
(15-49 yrs), 2005
Adult HIV/AIDS prevalence rate
(15-49 yrs), 2005
Adult HIV/AIDS prevalence rate
(15-49 yrs), 2005
Percent
Percent
Percent
Country
Adult HIV/AIDS
prevalence rate
Country
Adult HIV/AIDS
prevalence rate
Romania
0.1
Belarus
0.3
Bosnia & Herzegovina
0.1
Belarus
0.3
Bosnia & Herzegovina
0.1
Bulgaria
0.1
Macedonia
0.1
Bulgaria
0.1
Croatia
0.1
Bulgaria
0.1
Croatia
0.1
Macedonia
0.1
Croatia
0.1
Macedonia
0.1
Romania
0.1
Serbia & Montenegro
0.2
Moldova
1.1
Serbia & Montenegro
0.2
Bosnia & Herzegovina
0.1
Romania
0.1
Belarus
0.3
Russian Federation
1.1
Russian Federation
1.1
Moldova
1.1
Moldova
1.1
Serbia & Montenegro
0.2
Russian Federation
1.1
Ukraine
1.4
Ukraine
1.4
Ukraine
1.4
Source: CEE CIS Regional MDG
Source: CEE CIS Regional MDG
Country
Adult HIV/AIDS
prevalence rate
Source: CEE CIS Regional MDG
Tips for presenting data in graphs
Tips for preparing clean, comprehensible graphs
•
Graphs should be visually appealing and easy for readers/viewers to
comprehend
•
Graphs take up space so they should illustrate only important points
•
Do not use graphs if you have too few or too many values, or values
show little variation
•
Choose a clear graphical display
 The most appropriate type depends partly on the number of
categories to be represented and their relative size
•
Graphs should be understandable by themselves, i.e. the title and subtitle
should refer to
– the content
– the population
– the reference period
Tips for preparing clean, comprehensible graphs (cont.)
•
For clarity, arrangement should follow a natural or logical order, e.g.
alphabetical, geographical, by magnitude
•
Redundant features such as excessive gridlines and labels or
unnecessary 3-D effects should be avoided, since they crowd the plot
area and risk distracting the reader/viewer
•
All axes should be properly labeled. The unit of measurement for each
axis must be clear, and tick marks and gridlines included where
necessary
•
Axis scales should start with the minimum value. If scale breaks are
used, these should be marked with a symbol
•
The source of data must always be specified
COUNTRIES OF ASIA AND EUROPE
Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament, 2005
Percent
30
25
Percent
20
15
10
5
0
Source: CEE CIS Regional MDG
COUNTRIES OF ASIA AND EUROPE
Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament, 2005
Percent
Belarus
Bulgaria
Croatia
Macedonia
Uzbekistan
Bosnia & Herzegovina
Moldova
Tajikistan
Romania
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Russian Federation
Georgia
Serbia & Montenegro
Albania
Ukraine
Armenia
Turkey
0
Source: CEE CIS Regional MDG
5
10
15
Percent
20
25
30
MACEDONIA
Net enrolment ratio in primary education
Percent
100
2000
2007
99
98
Percent
97
96
95
94
93
92
Female
Source: MDGInfo 2009.
Male
Total
MACEDONIA
Net enrolment ratio in primary education
Percent
100
2000
2007
99
98
Percent
97
Axis
break
should
be very
visible!!
96
95
94
93
=
=
92
Female
Source: MDGInfo 2009
Male
Total
MACEDONIA
Net enrolment ratio in primary education
Percent
100
90
80
70
Percent
60
2000
50
2007
40
30
20
10
0
Female
Source: MDGInfo 2009.
Male
Total
TURKEY
Employment-to-population ratio, 2007
Percent
Female, 21.9
Male, 63.6
Source: MDGInfo 2009.
Percent
TURKEY
Employment-to-population ratio, 2007
Percent
63.6
21.9
Female
Male
Sex
Source: MDGInfo 2009.
TURKEY
Seats in national parliament (Number) and Seats held by women in national
parliament (percent)
1990 - 2009
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
1990
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Seats held by women in national parliament
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Seats in national parliament
Source: MDGInfo 2009.
TURKEY
Seats in national parliament (Number) and Seats held by women in national
parliament (percent)
1990 - 2009
10
600
9
500
8
7
400
5
300
Percent
Number
6
4
200
3
2
100
1
0
0
1990
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Seats in national parliament
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Seats held by women in national parliament
Source: MDGInfo 2009.
ARGENTINA
Social investment in health, 2002
Pesos per child
Pesos per child
Source: InfoUNICEF Argentina.
400
No special
column
arrangement
200
0
Neuquen
Santa Fe
Chubut
Rio Negro Entre Rios Catamarca
La Rioja
Buenos
Aires
Cordoba
Tucuman
Province
ARGENTINA
Social investment in health, 2002
Pesos per child
Pesos per child
Source: InfoUNICEF Argentina.
400
Columns
arranged
alphabetically
200
0
Buenos Catamarca Chubut
Aires
Mendoza Neuquen Rio Negro Santa Fe Tucuman
Province
ARGENTINA
Social investment in health, 2002
Pesos per child
Pesos per child
400
Source: InfoUNICEF Argentina.
Cordoba Entre Rios La Rioja
Columns
arranged by
data value
200
0
Neuquen
La Rioja
Chubut Catamarca Rio Negro Entre Rios Cordoba Mendoza
Province
Buenos
Aires
Santa Fe Tucuman
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Telephone lines
Per 100 population
30
27.05
Per 100 population
25
23.94
24.34
24.8
25.28
23.03
21.72
20.27
20
16.11
15.15
15
10
7.98
7.08
8.68
9.21
9.81
6.95
5
0
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Source: MDGInfo 2009.
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Telephone lines
Per 100 population
30
Per 100 population
25
20
15
10
5
0
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Source: MDGInfo 2009.
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Telephone lines
Per 100 population
27.05
Per 100 population
23.94
24.34
24.8
25.28
23.03
21.72
20.27
16.11
15.15
7.98
7.08
8.68
9.21
9.81
6.95
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Source: MDGInfo 2009.
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Telephone lines
Per 100 population
Per 100 population
27.05
23.94
24.34
24.8
25.28
23.03
21.72
20.27
16.11
15.15
7.98
7.08
8.68
9.21
9.81
6.95
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Source: MDGInfo 2009.
ARGENTINA (selected departments)
Population , 2001
Number
120000
100000
Number
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Adolfo Alsina
Campana
La Matanza
Lihuel Calel
Department
Entre 10 y 14 años total
Entre 5 y 9 años total
Entre 15 y 19 años total
Entre 0 y 4 años total
Population in 2001
Argentina, selected departments
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Adolfo Alsina
Campana
La Matanza
Lihuel Calel
Department
Entre 10 y 14 años total
Entre 5 y 9 años total
Entre 15 y 19 años total
Entre 0 y 4 años total
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Area protected to maintain biological diversity, 2000-2005
Square Km
300
Square Km
250
200
150
100
50
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Year
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Area protected to maintain biological diversity, 2000-2005
Square Km
300
250
Square Km
200
150
100
50
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
Year
2004
2005
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Proportion of own account and contributing family workers in total employment
Percent
9
8
7
6
Percent
5
4
3
2
1
Female
Male
0
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Source: MDGInfo 2009.
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Proportion of own account and contributing family workers in total employment
Percent
7.7
7.4
8.6
8.1
6.4
5.9
5.9
5.6
5.7
6
6
6.3
6.1
5.8
5.5
Percent
6.2
6
6.1
3.3
2.5
2.7
2
2.6
1.4
3.3
2.5
1.8
1
1.5
Female
Male
1.1
0.5
1992
0.7
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Source: MDGInfo 2009.
Tips for presenting data in maps
Tips for preparing clean, comprehensible data maps
•
They should be visually appealing and easy for readers to
comprehend
•
Maps take up space so they should illustrate only important points
•
Maps should be understandable by themselves, i.e. titles should refer
to the content, the population, and the reference period
•
Maps should be accompanied by a legend, and by labels when
necessary
•
The source of data must always be specified
SERBIA – VOJVODINA
Population density (persons per sq km), General
practitioners (per 1000 population) and Hospital beds (per
1000 population
Population density
General practitioners
Hospital beds
Source: DevInfo 5.0 Srbija Serbia
SELECT COUNTRIES OF ASIA AND EUROPE
Telephone lines, 2002-2004
Per 100 population
Bulgaria
Greece
Georgia
Turkey
Source: UNICEF, SOWC 2007.
SELECT COUNTRIES OF ASIA AND EUROPE
Telephone lines, 2002-2004
Per 100 population
Bulgaria
Greece
Georgia
Turkey
Source: UNICEF, SOWC 2007.
SELECT COUNTRIES OF EUROPE
Carbon dioxide emissions per capita, 2002
Metric tons
Source: CEE CIS Regional MDG.
SELECT COUNTRIES OF EUROPE
Carbon dioxide emissions per capita, 2002
Metric tons
Source: CEE CIS Regional MDG.
TAJIKISTAN
Total level of unemployment in the 14-24 age group, 2004
Percent
Source: Tajik GenderInfo
TAJIKISTAN
Total level of unemployment in the 14-24 age group, 2004
Percent
Source: Tajik GenderInfo
Source: ESDEM
SELECTED COUNTRIES OF ASIA
Infant mortality rate, 2003
Per 1000 live births
Source: CEE CIS Regional MDG
SELECTED COUNTRIES OF ASIA
Infant mortality rate, 2003
Per 1000 live births
Source: CEE CIS Regional MDG
Experiment with different types of data
presentation to display
particular data points before choosing
the most appropriate one and …
Keep it simple!